Anjan Chatterjee: How your brain decides what is beautiful
アンジャン・チャタジー: 脳はどのように美しさを判定するか?
Anjan Chatterjee seeks to answer a tantalizing question: Why is beauty so gripping? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
gives a remarkable talk.
注目すべき発表をしました
institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
in human intelligence,
先進的な研究で知られるゴールトンは
by which he can combine photographs
合成画像を生成する新しい技術を
to characterize different types of people.
特徴づけられるのではないかと考えたのです
photographs of violent criminals,
raises deep questions:
深遠な質問を投げかけました
and color and form excite us so?
私たちを刺激するのでしょうか
using logic and speculation.
取り組まれました
the question of beauty
and tools of neuroscience.
美しさの問題を扱ってきました
the why and the how of beauty,
という事が理解され始めたのです
for the human face and form.
その意味が分かってきました
beauty in each other,
見つけることは
subjective for the individual,
to the survival of the group.
形作られます
to what makes a face attractive.
顔を魅力的にする事が示されました
and the effects of hormones.
are typically more attractive
その平均の標本となった個人の顔より
that contributes to the average
普通のこととして
with many people's intuitions.
多くの人の直観と一致します
the central tendencies of a group.
中心的な傾向を表します
represent different populations,
異なる集団を代表し
greater genetic diversity
環境への適応性を
individuals attractive
to beauty is symmetry.
対称性です
more attractive than asymmetric ones.
対称な顔に魅力を感じます
are often associated with asymmetries.
しばしば非対称性を伴います
from parasitic infections.
引き起こされることがしばしばあります
という名の男が
of symmetry for beauty
対称性の重要さを認識しました
with products he sold from his company,
それを修正するための製品 ―
after himself, Max Factor,
マックスファクターです
is one of the world's most famous brands
世界でも最も有名な化粧品のブランドです
to facial attractiveness
for confining my comments
通常の異性愛者に限定されることを
play important roles
私たちが魅力を感じる特性に
that we find attractive.
that signal fertility.
特徴を作り出します
of both youth and maturity.
mean that the girl is not yet fertile,
妊娠可能性が小さい少女ととらえられ
full lips and narrow chins
ふっくらした唇と狭いあごは
as an indicator of maturity.
that we regard as typically masculine.
特徴を作り出します
features are a fitness indicator
健康の指標となるというのは
持ち出すのです
example of a handicap
doesn't exactly help the peacock
捕食者から逃げるのには
appendage evolve?
made him physically ill.
と綴っています
with his theory of natural selection,
of sexual selection.
is about sexual enticement,
性的な誘惑であり
it's more likely the peacock will mate
子孫を得ることを
on this display argument
advertising its health to the peahen.
健康を訴求する というものです
can afford to divert resources
突飛な付属物を維持できる
an extravagant appendage.
the price that testosterone levies
免疫システムに与えるテストステロンの
to pay more than $10,000 for a watch
経済的能力を示すために
支払えるのではないでしょうか
of evolutionary claims
このような進化論的な主張を聞くと
are unconsciously seeking mates
健康な配偶者を探すと
is probably not right.
known for making decisions
健康上の懸念を前提に
認識されていません
1つの集団があったとします
kinds of preferences:
nothing to do with health;
that these preferences are associated
子孫のできやすさと
of producing offspring --
to 2 oranges to 1 red,
has a green preference.
緑を嗜好することになります
and sampling this population
この集団で抜き取り調査をすると
preferences are universal.
見いだします
abstract example
for specific physical features
with a reproductive advantage,
when we see beautiful people?
脳では何が起こるのか?
parts of our visual cortex
視覚野の一部を活性化し
to processing faces,
特化した領域を活性化し
the lateral occipital complex,
その隣の物体情報の処理に特化した
to processing objects.
活性化します
of our reward and pleasure centers
快楽中枢をも活性化させますが
that have complicated names,
to processing faces
視覚に係わる脳は
engage with beauty,
私たちは皆美しさと関わり合いますが
私たちに関わりあうのです
in which people saw a series of faces,
被験者に一連の顔を見せるのですが
were the same or a different person.
同一人物かを判断することです
robustly in their visual cortex,
個人の識別を意図している時でさえ
about a person's identity
視覚野において神経活動の活性化を
automatic responses to beauty
美しさに対する自動的反応を
responds to beauty
視覚と快楽を結び付け
we might be thinking.
いつもピーンと反応するようです
stereotype embedded in the brain.
脳への刷り込みもあります
aren't explicitly thinking
意識的に思考していない時にも
associate beauty and good.
関連付けているようです
may be the biologic trigger
美しさの社会的影響についての
all kinds of advantages in life.
あらゆる面で有利です
and lesser punishments,
are not warranted.
言えなくてもです
reveal beauty's ugly side.
美しさの醜い面も暴露されます
anomalies and disfigurements
and less hardworking.
とみなされる事です
a "disfigured is bad" stereotype.
刷り込まれています
exploited and magnified
有名メディアに登場する画像が
is often used as a shorthand
these kinds of implicit biases
克服しようとするなら
in which we treat people fairly,
on the happenstance of their looks.
必要があります
attributes of beauty
two million years of the Pleistocene.
and a very long time ago.
生物は意地悪く 残酷でした
for reproductive success from that time
現代に当てはめることは
of the top ways that people die,
developed world.
死因の上位に来ることはありません
are being relaxed.
緩和されています
are free to drift
自由に変化し
affecting our environment,
and technological innovation
to look beautiful.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjan Chatterjee - Cognitive neuroscientistAnjan Chatterjee seeks to answer a tantalizing question: Why is beauty so gripping?
Why you should listen
In his recent book, The Aesthetic Brain: How We Evolved to Desire Beauty and Enjoy Art, cognitive neuroscientist Anjan Chatterjee investigates neural responses to beauty, explaining that the faces and places we find aesthetically pleasing may promote evolutionary success.
With numerous publications to his name in areas such as attention, spatial cognition and neuroethics, Chatterjee is the former president of the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Society and the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, and he is also a founding member of the Board of Governors of the Neuroethics Society. In 2016, Chatterjee was awarded the Rudolph Arnheim Award for contributions to psychology and the arts. Currently at the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania, Chatterjee's cutting edge work in neuroaesthetics bridges art and neuroscience in complex and fascinating ways.
Anjan Chatterjee | Speaker | TED.com