Erin Marie Saltman: How young people join violent extremist groups -- and how to stop them
إيرين ماري سالتمان: كيف ينضم الشباب إلى الجماعات المتطرفة العنيفة، وكيف نمنع ذلك.
Dr. Erin Marie Saltman manages Facebook's counterterrorism and counter-extremism policy work for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Full bio
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in Far Right youth camp in Hungary.
شبابي لليمين المتطرف في المجر.
youth political socialization --
عن التنشئة السياسية للشباب:
political ideologies
of young people I was talking to
of why people were joining.
حول سبب انضمام الناس إليه.
a little bit too Jewish.
your last name goes first,
turned into "Salty Irena,"
I would have naturally chosen for myself.
that it was actually really fun.
قليلاً للغاية عن السياسة.
faces as targets.
actually, friendly, inclusive group
anything to do with the Roma population,
very hate-based very quickly.
على الكراهية بسرعة كبيرة.
violent extremist movements,
إلى الحركات العنيفة المتطرفة،
counter these processes?"
atrocities and attacks
but all over the world,
وفرنسا، وجميع أنحاء العالم،
violent individuals.
with their upbringing."
from educated backgrounds,
I want to talk you through,
challenge this in a modern era?
of different things
process of radicalization,
into push and pull factors.
for Far Right, neo-Nazi groups
اليمين المتطرف والنازية الجديدة،
and terrorist groups.
والجماعات الإرهابية.
what makes you vulnerable
a lot of different things,
a sense of isolation,
والشعور بالعزلة،
is under attack,
on a nationality or an ethnicity
مبنية على القومية، أو العرق،
are doing nothing to help.
حولكم لا تقدم المساعدة.
do not make you a violent extremist,
لن تحولكم إلى متطرفين عنيفين،
towards a group like the Roma population,
a violently mobilized group.
extremist organizations offering
المؤسسات المتطرفة العنيفة
very positive things,
a spiritual purpose,
to build a utopian society
and adventure.
at foreign terrorist fighters,
with the wind in their hair
and women going to join them
that's the propaganda being given.
هذه هي الدعاية المقدمة.
confusing, nuanced world
into black and white,
about ISIS, Daesh,
in how we look at these processes,
and their tactics.
and the usage of social media,
واستخدام وسائل الإعلام الاجتماعية،
tweeting and videos of beheadings.
التغريدات وتسجيلات ضرب الأعناق.
does not radicalize you.
does do is it is a catalyst.
of a jihadist changed for us.
we were in their kitchens.
tweeting in their own languages.
أجانب يغردون بلغاتهم.
talking about their wedding day,
to Grand Theft Auto being made.
is that trying to counter it,
and social media companies
وشركات الإعلام الاجتماعي
and they'd just come back up,
having a 25th account
disseminated everywhere.
and regulations of social media, too.
وأنظمة وسائل الإعلام الاجتماعي.
conversation with a recruiter
at which that conversation
less regulated,
track where that conversation went.
متابعة مجرى المحادثة.
alternatives to censorship.
because it's state-building.
بسبب بنيتها كدولة.
accountants, hackers and women.
ومحاسبين، ومخترقي مواقع، ونساء.
a huge increase of women going
of the people going over to join
يذهبون للانضمام إليهم
this process with.
في مكافحة هذه العملية معهم.
some of the positive things
عن أمور إيجابية،
to prevent and counter violent extremism.
ومكافحة التطرف العنيف.
than countering,
in medical terms.
باستخدام المصطلحات الطبية.
so you are naturally resilient
a symptom or a sign
extremist ideology.
about really broad groups of people
and agree with certain things online,
والموافقة على أمور معينة عبر الإنترنت،
if somebody already has a swastika tattoo
لديه وشم الصليب المعقوف
of each one of those levels
لكل واحد من هذه المستويات
of engaging with people are becoming.
that we helped develop.
within a classroom setting,
can be very hard to try to explain,
and survivors of extremism
والناجين من التطرف،
and create question-giving to classrooms,
وينشئون تساؤلات في الفصل،
fighting for ISIS,
and where they're at and regret,
وأين هم وعلام يندمون،
to have a dialogue around it.
of individuals,
of civil society voices.
من أصوات المجتمع المدني.
that are looking for information online,
يبحثون عن معلومات على الإنترنت،
identity questions?
large groups of civil society voices
من أصوات المجتمع المدني
app developers, artists, comedians,
التطبيقات، والفنانين، والكوميديين،
to very strategic audiences.
creating a satirical video
to 15- to 20-year-olds online
15 إلى 20 سنة على الإنترنت
to be very specific,
لنكون محددين للغاية،
when somebody's viewing, watching
it's not me or you --
ليس أنا أو أنتم
that we are looking to engage with.
نتطلع للفت انتباهه.
a pilot program called "One to One,"
برنامجًا تجريبيًا يسمى "واحد إلى واحد"،
to a group of labeled neofascists
مع مجموعة تسمى الفاشيين الجدد،
Messenger into their inbox, saying,
عن طريق "فيسبوك مسنجر"، تقول:
I've been there.
فقد كنت هناك
from this sort of interaction.
بسبب هذا التفاعل.
a former neo-Nazi say, "Hey, how are you?"
الجدد السابقين: "مرحبًا، كيف حالك؟"
that around 60 percent
أن 60 بالمائة تقريبًا
had sustained engagement,
having conversations
about what they were going through,
الوصول إليهم عن ما كانوا يمرون به،
for talking about these subjects,
unlikely sectors to the table.
all over the world,
their messages are not strategic
the audiences they want to reach.
of former extremists.
in different parts of the world.
في أماكن مختلفة من العالم.
to bring the tech sector to the table
and marketing expertise
a more robust and challenging of extremism
that if you are in the audience
that this is your sector,
that you have right now
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erin Marie Saltman - Policy researcherDr. Erin Marie Saltman manages Facebook's counterterrorism and counter-extremism policy work for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Why you should listen
Dr. Erin Marie Saltman's background and expertise includes both Far Right and Islamist extremist processes of radicalization within a range of regional and socio-political contexts. Her research and publications have focused on the evolving nature of online extremism and terrorism, gender dynamics within violent extremist organizations and youth radicalization. Saltman has previously held senior research positions at Quilliam Foundation and the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, where she managed international programs. She has also worked with local activists, artists and techies to challenge violent extremism.
As Facebook's Counterterrorism Policy Manager based in London, Saltman regularly speaks with both governments and NGOs on issues related to how Facebook counters terrorism and violent extremism. She has also helped establish the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, bringing together leading industry partners (Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Twitter) with smaller startups and tech companies to create cross-platform knowledge sharing, technology solutions and research.
Saltman remains a Research Fellow at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue. She is a graduate of Columbia University (BA) and University College London (MA and PhD). View her articles and publications here.
Erin Marie Saltman | Speaker | TED.com