Erin Marie Saltman: How young people join violent extremist groups -- and how to stop them
エリン・マリー・ソルトマン: 若者が過激派になるとき ー それを防止するには
Dr. Erin Marie Saltman manages Facebook's counterterrorism and counter-extremism policy work for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Full bio
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in Far Right youth camp in Hungary.
参加するためです
youth political socialization --
若者の政治的社会化 つまり
political ideologies
政治的イデオロギーを
of young people I was talking to
of why people were joining.
a little bit too Jewish.
知られそうなので
your last name goes first,
turned into "Salty Irena,"
「塩からいアイリーナ」になりました
I would have naturally chosen for myself.
that it was actually really fun.
さらに驚きを覚えました
ほとんど語られませんでした
faces as targets.
actually, friendly, inclusive group
懐深いグループに思えました
anything to do with the Roma population,
ユダヤ人や
very hate-based very quickly.
憎悪に満ちたものになりました
violent extremist movements,
身を投じるのか?
counter these processes?"
これに対抗することができるのか?」
atrocities and attacks
世界中で起きている ―
but all over the world,
人々は
violent individuals.
人格だったに違いない」
with their upbringing."
存在しないことも多いのです
from educated backgrounds,
何が彼らを惹きつけるのでしょう?
I want to talk you through,
今の時代において
challenge this in a modern era?
お話ししたいと思います
of different things
process of radicalization,
影響しているということです
into push and pull factors.
「プル」要因に分類しました
for Far Right, neo-Nazi groups
これらの要因は
and terrorist groups.
対するものと かなり似ています
what makes you vulnerable
人々を脆弱にし
a lot of different things,
様々なことが考えられますが
a sense of isolation,
疎外感や 孤独感や
is under attack,
批判の対象であると感じ
on a nationality or an ethnicity
国籍や民族や
are doing nothing to help.
何も守ってくれないと感じることにあります
do not make you a violent extremist,
暴力的な過激派を生むわけではありません
towards a group like the Roma population,
行動を起こさせるはずですが
a violently mobilized group.
集団ではないからです
見るべきです
extremist organizations offering
very positive things,
a spiritual purpose,
精神的な目標が設定され
to build a utopian society
理想郷が構築されるといった
and adventure.
冒険をしている感覚も与えられます
at foreign terrorist fighters,
with the wind in their hair
and women going to join them
that's the propaganda being given.
confusing, nuanced world
into black and white,
about ISIS, Daesh,
少しお話します
in how we look at these processes,
彼らのコンテンツや策略を深く知ることで
and their tactics.
我々の見方が大きく変わったからです
and the usage of social media,
そしてソーシャルメディアの使い方です
tweeting and videos of beheadings.
ご覧になったことがありますね
does not radicalize you.
人を過激化させるものではなく
does do is it is a catalyst.
触媒の機能を果たします
他にはない手段と規模
of a jihadist changed for us.
マントに身を包んだ暗い人物像から変わりました
we were in their kitchens.
tweeting in their own languages.
彼らの言語でツイートしていました
talking about their wedding day,
to Grand Theft Auto being made.
is that trying to counter it,
それに対抗しようとして
and social media companies
どう排除すれば?
and they'd just come back up,
次のアカウントができました
having a 25th account
行ったこともあります
disseminated everywhere.
and regulations of social media, too.
ルールや規制すら熟知していました
conversation with a recruiter
at which that conversation
less regulated,
より暗号化された
track where that conversation went.
alternatives to censorship.
because it's state-building.
革新的でした
募集しているだけではありません
accountants, hackers and women.
ハッカー そして女性が必要です
a huge increase of women going
of the people going over to join
参加者の4分の1が
this process with.
様変わりしているのです
some of the positive things
お話したいと思います
to prevent and counter violent extremism.
対抗するための新機軸です
than countering,
in medical terms.
so you are naturally resilient
a symptom or a sign
症状や前兆が出ている人には
extremist ideology.
about really broad groups of people
and agree with certain things online,
同意をしはじめている人や
if somebody already has a swastika tattoo
集団にどっぷりはまっている人には
of each one of those levels
of engaging with people are becoming.
お話ししたいと思います
that we helped develop.
within a classroom setting,
意図したものです
can be very hard to try to explain,
若い人々に説明するのは
and survivors of extremism
過激主義を止めた人たちとの人脈があります
and create question-giving to classrooms,
クラスへ問いかけて
会話を始めてもらいます
fighting for ISIS,
クリスティアンの例と
and where they're at and regret,
現状、後悔について問いを投げかけ
to have a dialogue around it.
of individuals,
of civil society voices.
多くの声を必要としています
that are looking for information online,
示し始めている人々
identity questions?
どう関われば?
提供するのか?
large groups of civil society voices
app developers, artists, comedians,
芸術家 コメディアンとともに
作ることができ
to very strategic audiences.
視聴者に向けて広めることができます
creating a satirical video
to 15- to 20-year-olds online
15歳から20歳のネットユーザーで
絞り込みます
to be very specific,
非常に具体的に
when somebody's viewing, watching
it's not me or you --
我々とも違う属性を持つ ―
that we are looking to engage with.
a pilot program called "One to One,"
試験的プログラムが開発されました
to a group of labeled neofascists
指定されたグループへ
Messenger into their inbox, saying,
直接メッセージを送りました
I've been there.
僕もいたことがあるよ
from this sort of interaction.
殺害脅迫を受けることを恐れていました
a former neo-Nazi say, "Hey, how are you?"
言わせるのは 少しばかり危険です
that around 60 percent
接触に対して反応し
had sustained engagement,
having conversations
もっとも難しいとされる人々から
about what they were going through,
組織に対する―
for talking about these subjects,
別の行動の選択肢を与えていたのです
unlikely sectors to the table.
協力を得ることです
all over the world,
their messages are not strategic
戦略的ではなかったり
the audiences they want to reach.
届かないこともしばしばです
of former extremists.
in different parts of the world.
人脈を通じて働きかけます
to bring the tech sector to the table
技術分野の人たちが
and marketing expertise
貢献してくれるのです
a more robust and challenging of extremism
より頑強かつ挑戦的に
that if you are in the audience
that this is your sector,
思わないでください
that you have right now
しれません
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erin Marie Saltman - Policy researcherDr. Erin Marie Saltman manages Facebook's counterterrorism and counter-extremism policy work for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Why you should listen
Dr. Erin Marie Saltman's background and expertise includes both Far Right and Islamist extremist processes of radicalization within a range of regional and socio-political contexts. Her research and publications have focused on the evolving nature of online extremism and terrorism, gender dynamics within violent extremist organizations and youth radicalization. Saltman has previously held senior research positions at Quilliam Foundation and the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, where she managed international programs. She has also worked with local activists, artists and techies to challenge violent extremism.
As Facebook's Counterterrorism Policy Manager based in London, Saltman regularly speaks with both governments and NGOs on issues related to how Facebook counters terrorism and violent extremism. She has also helped establish the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, bringing together leading industry partners (Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Twitter) with smaller startups and tech companies to create cross-platform knowledge sharing, technology solutions and research.
Saltman remains a Research Fellow at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue. She is a graduate of Columbia University (BA) and University College London (MA and PhD). View her articles and publications here.
Erin Marie Saltman | Speaker | TED.com