César Hidalgo: A bold idea to replace politicians
سيزار هيدالغو: اقتراح جريء لاستبدال السياسيين
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
disappointed with democracy?
in presidential elections
في الانتخابات الرئاسيّة،
in EU parliamentary elections,
البرلمان الأوربيّ،
هو 42% فقط.
in the last election for mayor.
في انتخابات العمدة الآخيرة.
24 percent of people showed up to vote.
if "Friends" was still running,
لا يزال يعرض
would have shown up to vote.
هم فقط من سيدلي بصوته.
because people are tired of politicians.
بالسّياسييّن.
using the data that they have generated
مع عائلاتهم وأصدقائهم
their friends and family,
is that this is not new.
to target propaganda at you
لاستهدافك في حملة بروباجندا،
or your gender or your age,
أو جنسك أو عمرك،
with propaganda for political purposes
سياسيّة،
عيب بسيط،
has a basic vulnerability.
of people to exert power.
على ممارسة السلطة.
that power to a representative
والذي يقوم بممارستها من أجلنا.
if you want to attack democracy
أن تستهدفه،
by either capturing that representative
إما عن طريق التّحكم بهذا النّائب،
that people choose it.
أم هناك بدائل؟
about alternatives,
is the idea of direct democracy.
المباشرة.
politicians completely
تماماً
that we would need to choose.
التصويت عليها.
ال114،
the House of Representatives
أكثر من 6000 فاتورة،
more than 3,000 bills
إلى أكثر من 3000،
أسبوعيّاً،
bandwidth problem
حيز المعرفة،
direct democracy as a viable alternative.
كبديلٍ فعليّ.
of liquid democracy, or fluid democracy,
أو الديناميكية،
your political power to someone,
لشخصٍ ما،
a large follower network
that are making decisions
and their followers.
the problem of the cognitive bandwidth
مشكلة حيّز المعرفة،
to the idea of having a representative.
عن انتخاب النوّاب.
I'm going to be a little bit provocative,
مستفزّاً قليلاً وأطرح السّؤال التالي:
to bypass politicians,
حاولنا أتمتتهم نوعاً ما؟
to automate the loom.
أتمتة عمل المنوال.
was Joseph-Marie Jacquard.
"جوزيف ماري جاكارد"
with the steam engine
لينتج عنه منوال أوتوماتيكيّ.
اكتسب القدرة على التحكم.
he gained control.
more complex and more sophisticated
أكثر تعقيداً وتطوراً
were able to do by hand.
the blueprint of automation.
أساس عمليّة الأتمتة.
for the last 300 years
لأكثر من 300 عام.
to satisfy that need,
لنقوم بأتمتّة العمليّة.
from the mechanical loom
للمنوال الأتوماتيكيّ.
لأتمتّة السّيارات.
to automate the car.
كانت فعليّة نوعاً ما.
from Toshiba shared with me
في شركة توشيبا.
that manufactures solid state drives.
تخزين SSD.
to leave the factories
على المعامل فقط،
فأنا اخترع وسائل لدمج بيانات دولٍ كاملة،
data for entire countries
the foundations that we need
التي سنحتاجها في المستقبل
to also manage those machines.
to talk to you about these tools
التي تقوم بجمع بيانات الدول.
about another idea
artificial intelligence in democracy.
لتوظيف الذكاء الصنعيّ لخدمة الديمقراطيّة.
are designed for executive decisions.
لقراراتٍ تنفيذيّة.
in some sort of term of objectivity --
بنوعٍ من الموضوعيّة،
that are legislative,
require communication among people
بين أشخاصٍ من مختلف وجهات النّظر،
we have thought that, well,
هو في الحقيقة مزيدٌ من التّواصل.
is actually more communication.
advanced in the context of democracy,
الديمقراطيّة
or whether it is social media,
الاجتماعيّ،
with more communication.
لن يحلّ المشكلة.
what's going to solve the problem.
of cognitive bandwidth,
هي حيّز المعرفة بالفعل،
what's going to solve it.
is to have other technologies
some of the communication
من إفراط التواصل.
to answer things on your behalf.
some of the communication
or decisions at a larger scale.
أو قراراتٍ على نطاقٍ أوسع.
of software agents is also not new.
البرمجيّ ليست جديدة أيضاً،
to drive to a certain location,
for the next books that we should read.
in the 21st century
في زمن جاكارد.
with a loom at the time of Jacquard.
direct democracy with software agents.
المباشرة والوكيل الالكتروني
هناك نائب يمثلك بالإضافة لملايين الأشخاص،
a representative that represents you
that represents only you,
of libertarian and liberal
بين حزبي اليمين واليسار،
conservative on some issues
and they're full of compromises.
that can represent only you,
بالضرورة.
is a software agent,
مجرد وكيل الكتروني،
as many senators as we have citizens.
بعدد المواطنين،
to read every bill
الإطلاع على كلّ فاتورةٍ،
to vote on each one of them.
that maybe we want to consider.
coming from the future
حكوماتنا يبدو مرعباً.
version of this idea look like?
على غرار منوال جاكارد؟
and you create your avatar,
وإنشاء شخصيّة،
to start training your avatar.
with your reading habits,
نفسية على سبيل المثال.
psychological tests.
is that there's no deception.
with your friends and family
وأصدقائك
that is designed to be used
لاتخاذ قراراتٍ سياسيّة نيابةً عنك.
on your behalf.
a training algorithm,
وتختار خوارزميّة تدريب،
بتقديم خوارزميّات مختلفة
can submit different algorithms
based on the data you have provided.
اعتماداً على البيانات التي قدمتها.
so nobody controls the algorithms;
بالخوارزميات،
that become more popular
وأخرى ستكون أقلّ شيوعاً.
طريقة عمل شخصيتك،
تتركها للتحكّم الآلي،
you can leave it on autopilot.
a little more controlling,
تكون على وشك اتخاذ قرارٍ ما،
to make a decision,
للديمقراطيّة
why we use democracy so little
has a very bad user interface.
رديئةٌ جداً
interface of democracy,
استخدامنا لها
that you might have.
distributed and auditable?
who's 80 years old
استخدام الانترنت؟
you have to beware of pessimists
للمتشائمين،
a problem for every solution.
about the bigger ideas.
are little ideas
أفكار صغيرة،
about how this would not work.
نجح الأمر؟
well, who writes the laws?
the avatars that we already have,
by the senators or politicians
الشّيوخ والسياسيّون المتواجدون بالفعل.
والحصول على نسبة معينة من الموافقة،
percentage of approval,
is ludicrous and we should not do it,
ويجب ألا نطبقها،
that is only possible
فقط في عالمٍ
and software agents
والوكلاء الالكترونيين.
with picket fences or protests
to be changed into robots.
برجال آليين،
simple systems like this in grad schools,
أنظمةٍ مصغّرة تعمل بهذا المبدأ
غير الربحية،
all of those little questions
والعقبات الصغيرة،
to make this idea something viable,
الفكرة عمليّة.
that we can trust.
a hundred people, a thousand people,
مئة، وألف، ومئة آلف شخص
in ways that are not politically binding,
وسيتغيّر العالم،
as my daughter is right now
today is very crazy,
لن تكون بهذه الغرابة لها ولأقرانها،
and to her friends.
at the beginning of theirs.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
César Hidalgo - PhysicistCésar Hidalgo studies how teams, cities and nations learn.
Why you should listen
César A. Hidalgo leads the Collective Learning group at The MIT Media Lab and is an associate professor of media arts and sciences at MIT. Hidalgo's work focuses on understanding how teams, organizations, cities and nations learn. At the Collective Learning group, Hidalgo develops software tools to facilitate learning in organizations. His academic publications have been cited more than 10,000 times, and his online systems, including the Observatory of Economic Complexity and DataUSA, have received more than 100 million views and numerous awards.
Hidalgo's latest book, Why Information Grows (2015), has been translated into 10+ languages. He is also the co-author of The Atlas of Economic Complexity (2014) and a co-founder of Datawheel LLC, a company that has professionalized the creation of large data visualization engines.
César Hidalgo | Speaker | TED.com