Michel Dugon: The secrets of spider venom
ميشيل دوغون: أسرارُ سُمِّ العنكبوت
Michel Dugon researches the potential of spider venom as a source of novel therapeutic agents. Full bio
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that are very happy to be up there now.
وهم فرحون جدًا لكونهم هناك الآن.
is the incarnation of terror, really.
بالنسبة لمعظم الناس، حقيقةً.
feat of bioengineering.
صوفي هي مثال رائع على الهندسة الحيوية.
to all those creatures
على كل تلك المخلوقات
since the beginning of time;
منذ بداية الزمن.
that have managed to have offspring
التي تمكنت من إنجاب الأبناء
until this day.
started to evolve on this planet.
تتطور على هذا الكوكب.
to become what they are now:
ليصبحوا ما هم عليه الآن:
على سطح هذه الأرض.
to give a speech
I have to say.
لا بد من قول ذلك.
to all those ruthless battles
consistently by all our ancestors,
every single one of you,
كل واحد منكم،
one-billion-years-old success story.
to what she has in her chest,
إلى ما تملك في صدرها،
that are attached to a pair of fangs,
المرتبطة بزوج من الأنياب،
and without this venom,
managed to survive.
venom systems in order to survive.
لديها لتبقى على قيد الحياة.
الأفاعي السمية،
of chemical compounds.
إذا لم تكن مئات، المركبات الكيميائية.
have evolved purely for one purpose:
لهدف واحد:
in many different ways.
pains that you've never felt before.
أن تُشعرك بألم لم تشعر به من قبل.
your heart stop within minutes,
almost instantly,
your flesh away, like acid.
gruesome stories, I know,
فهي كالموسيقى التي تداعب أذني.
all those super powerful compounds
في هذه المركبات
produce new antibiotics with those venoms?
من هذه السموم؟
that are suffering from diabetes
الذين يعانون من السكري
are already being developed
everywhere around the world, as I speak.
في الوقت الراهن.
regularly with a medication
دواء بشكلٍ منتظم
by a South American viper.
في أمريكا الجنوبية.
can be monitored using, actually,
يمكن مراقبته
by a lizard from North America.
التي تعيش في أمريكا الشمالية.
a marine snail for anesthetics.
للتخدير.
library of chemical compounds
من المركبات الكيميائية
of thousands of live creatures.
من الكائنات الحية.
to go for a little walk.
في جولة صغيرة.
thought to produce
kinds of compounds
من المركبات الكيميائية
actually have managed to study so far?
إلى الآن؟
99.99 percent of all those compounds
99.99% من هذه المركبات
to be harvested and tested,
have concentrated their efforts
very dangerous animals --
and black widows.
وعنكبوت الأرملة السوداء.
that we actually have all around us?
التي تملأ المكان حولنا؟
that lives behind your couch?
to just shoot through the floor
some kind of amazing compound
would have been, "We have no clue."
"لا نملك أي دليل على ذلك."
have started to look into it,
البحث والتعمق في هذا الأمر،
actually are producing
ينتجون
more about that in a second,
about this "we are looking into it."
have to capture a lot of spiders.
أنا وطلابي أن نصطاد الكثير من العناكب.
one finds a lot of spiders.
نجد العديد من العناكب.
two, three, four hundred spiders,
مئتان، 300، أو 400 عنكبوت،
in its own individual home.
I would advise you to start.
we wait a few days,
little electric current through their body
تيارًا كهربائيًا صغيرًا جدًا عبر أجسامهم
a tiny little droplet of venom appearing.
ظهور قطرة صغيرة من السم.
glass tube, a capillary,
(أنابيب رفيعة جدًا)،
and we put it back into its home,
unharmed during the process,
لا تتأذى خلال هذه العملية،
of venom again and they've recovered,
وأنتجت كمية من السم،
of one raindrop of venom.
حجم قطرة المطر.
chemical compound that is in that venom.
من المركبات التي تشكل السم.
of a millionth of a liter of compound,
من الليتر من المركب،
several thousand times
a whole range of nasty stuff,
على كل الأشياء السيئة،
part of my job starts,
those compounds ready,
جاهزة للاستعمال،
that has absolutely amazing effects.
else from my pocket --
I have, actually, a very common spider.
لدي عنكبوت شائع جدًا.
that you could find in your shed,
أيضًا،
antimicrobial compounds.
those drug-resistant bacteria
المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية
in your sewer pipe,
إذا كنت أعيش في أنابيب الصرف الصحي لديك،
to a very, very serious concern we have.
every single day,
antimicrobial-resistant infections.
للبكتيريا المقاوِمة للمضادات الحيوية.
of 700,000 people dead every single year
30, 20 or 10 years ago
قبل ما يقارب 30، أو 20، أو 10 أعوام
very common bugs.
شيوعًا.
is running out of antibiotics,
إن العالم اليوم ينفذ من المضادات الحيوية،
does not have any answer,
إلى الآن،
to address that concern.
لهذا القلق بعد.
new kinds of antibiotics
من المضادات الحيوية
every couple of years.
hit the market in the past five years?
خلال الخمسة أعوام الماضية؟
that if we continue this way,
from being completely helpless
of penicillin 90 years ago.
قبل 90 عامًا.
is that we are at war
a lot quicker than we do.
بكثير مما نفعل.
one of our greatest secret weapons.
أن يكون أعظم أسلحتنا البيولوجية.
of a liter of a venom,
من سمه،
to any other kind of antibiotics.
this experiment, I just wonder:
do the siblings actually have?
يمتلكها أشقاء هذا العنكبوت يا ترى؟
can we really find, if we care to look?
حقًا، إذا بحثنا في الأمر جيدًا؟
really the future of therapeutic drugs?"
أن المستقبل العلاجي مرهون بالحشرات؟"
that they do hold some key answers."
يملكون مفاتيح حلول معضلاتنا."
the means to investigate them.
للبحث عنهم.
in the corner of your room ...
an absolutely fantastic creature,
one day, will hold the answer,
to your very own survival.
anymore now, is she?
بلا أهمية الآن، أليس كذلك؟
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michel Dugon - Zoologist, venom researcherMichel Dugon researches the potential of spider venom as a source of novel therapeutic agents.
Why you should listen
Michel Dugon runs the Venom Systems and Proteomics Lab and teaches zoology at the National University of Ireland Galway. His research focuses on the evolution of venom systems and on the potential of arthropod venom as a source of novel therapeutic agents. After a six-year stint chasing venomous creatures in the jungles of South East Asia, Dugon published extensively on the evolution of venom systems while pursuing a PhD in Evolutionary Developmental Biology. He was awarded the 2015 Irish National Teaching Award in Higher Education and the 2017 Ryan Award for Innovation. Dugon is currently working on developing the VIDAA network (Venom Investigations for the Development of Antimicrobial Agents) in collaboration with Irish, French and Belgian researchers.
As the founder and director of the science outreach Eco Explorers, Dugon dedicates a sizable amount of his time to promoting ecological awareness in the media and in schools throughout Ireland. Dr Dugon's work has been featured on national and international networks, including RTE, the BBC, Euronews and SKY.
Michel Dugon | Speaker | TED.com