Michel Dugon: The secrets of spider venom
Michel Dugon: I segreti del veleno dei ragni
Michel Dugon researches the potential of spider venom as a source of novel therapeutic agents. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that are very happy to be up there now.
sono più che felici di essere lassù ora.
is the incarnation of terror, really.
è l'incarnazione del terrore, sul serio.
per considerarla affidabile.
feat of bioengineering.
esempio di bioingegneria.
di tutte quelle creature
to all those creatures
sin dall'alba dei tempi;
since the beginning of time;
that have managed to have offspring
fino ad oggi.
until this day.
cellule primitive di questo pianeta.
started to evolve on this planet.
to become what they are now:
avuto bisogno di 430 millioni di anni:
to give a speech
fare un discorso del genere
I have to say.
di quelle crudeli battaglie
to all those ruthless battles
dai nostri antenati,
consistently by all our ancestors,
every single one of you,
e vecchia di un miliardo di anni.
one-billion-years-old success story.
a ciò che porta sul petto,
to what she has in her chest,
that are attached to a pair of fangs,
collegate a due canini
and without this venom,
managed to survive.
venom systems in order to survive.
sistemi con il veleno per sopravvivere.
di serpente velenoso,
of chemical compounds.
di composti chimici.
per un solo scopo:
have evolved purely for one purpose:
in many different ways.
in diversi modi.
dolori inimmaginabili.
pains that you've never felt before.
your heart stop within minutes,
nel giro di pochi minuti
almost instantly,
quasi istantaneamente
come fosse un acido.
your flesh away, like acid.
gruesome stories, I know,
all those super powerful compounds
tutti questi potentissimi composti
produce new antibiotics with those venoms?
produrre nuovi antibiotici?
chi soffre di diabete
that are suffering from diabetes
are already being developed
vengono testate
in questo preciso istante.
everywhere around the world, as I speak.
regularly with a medication
regolarmente con una medicina
by a South American viper.
can be monitored using, actually,
possono essere monitorate
by a lizard from North America.
proveniente dal Nord America.
a marine snail for anesthetics.
di una lumaca marina per l'anestesia.
library of chemical compounds
di composti chimici
di migliaia di creature viventi.
of thousands of live creatures.
to go for a little walk.
thought to produce
kinds of compounds
actually have managed to study so far?
a esplorare questa totalità?
99.99 percent of all those compounds
di tutti gli elementi chimici che esistono
di essere trovati e testati:
to be harvested and tested,
have concentrated their efforts
hanno investito i propri studi
e molto pericolosi:
very dangerous animals --
and black widows.
that we actually have all around us?
che abbiamo sempre intorno a noi?
that lives behind your couch?
avete presente?
to just shoot through the floor
un tipo di fantastico composto
some kind of amazing compound
would have been, "We have no clue."
sarebbe stata: "Non ne abbiamo idea".
abbiamo cominciato a guardarci dentro
have started to look into it,
riescono a produrre composti
actually are producing
more about that in a second,
about this "we are looking into it."
quel "guardarci dentro."
have to capture a lot of spiders.
dobbiamo catturare tanti ragni.
one finds a lot of spiders.
si trovano tantissimi ragni.
200, 300 o 400 ragni,
two, three, four hundred spiders,
in its own individual home.
in una singola "casa".
I would advise you to start.
che vi consiglierei di intraprendere.
we wait a few days,
aspettiamo un po' di giorni
little electric current through their body
scarica elettrica lungo il loro corpo
a tiny little droplet of venom appearing.
goccia di veleno al microscopio.
glass tube, a capillary,
and we put it back into its home,
casetta
unharmed during the process,
i ragni non provino alcun dolore
del tutto ristabiliti
of venom again and they've recovered,
a una goccia di pioggia.
of one raindrop of venom.
chimico al suo interno.
chemical compound that is in that venom.
di un milionesimo di litro,
of a millionth of a liter of compound,
per un centinaio di volte
several thousand times
a whole range of nasty stuff,
di una serie di elementi negativi
part of my job starts,
divertente del mio lavoro
scientifico.
those compounds ready,
di preparare quei composti
che funziona perfettamente.
that has absolutely amazing effects.
else from my pocket --
mie tasche.
I have, actually, a very common spider.
ho un ragno molto comune.
that you could find in your shed,
antimicrobial compounds.
those drug-resistant bacteria
i batteri resistenti ai farmaci
in your sewer pipe,
a un problema molto serio.
to a very, very serious concern we have.
every single day,
antimicrobial-resistant infections.
per infezioni resistenti agli antibiotici.
of 700,000 people dead every single year
che conta 700.000 morti ogni anno
30, 20 o 10 anni fa
30, 20 or 10 years ago
i microbi più comuni.
very common bugs.
is running out of antibiotics,
gli antibiotici scarseggiano
non ha nessuna voce in capitolo
does not have any answer,
to address that concern.
per affrontare il problema.
new kinds of antibiotics
che 10 o 15 nuovi tipi di antibiotici
ogni paio d'anni.
every couple of years.
hit the market in the past five years?
negli ultimi cinque anni?
that if we continue this way,
from being completely helpless
dall'essere completamente impotenti
scoperta della penicillina, 90 anni fa.
of penicillin 90 years ago.
is that we are at war
è che combattiamo
molto più velocemente rispetto a noi.
a lot quicker than we do.
one of our greatest secret weapons.
un'arma a nostro favore.
of a liter of a venom,
di litro di veleno,
la maggioranza dei batteri
to any other kind of antibiotics.
di antibiotico.
this experiment, I just wonder:
esperimento mi domando:
do the siblings actually have?
si celano dietro a quelle creature?
can we really find, if we care to look?
se ci impegnassimo nella ricerca?"
really the future of therapeutic drugs?"
il futuro della medicina terapeutica?"
that they do hold some key answers."
che possano in qualche modo aiutarci".
the means to investigate them.
che ci permettano di esaminarli.
in the corner of your room ...
nell'angolino della stanza...
an absolutely fantastic creature,
davvero straordinaria,
potrebbe racchiudere in sé la risposta
one day, will hold the answer,
to your very own survival.
anymore now, is she?
così insignificante, vero?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michel Dugon - Zoologist, venom researcherMichel Dugon researches the potential of spider venom as a source of novel therapeutic agents.
Why you should listen
Michel Dugon runs the Venom Systems and Proteomics Lab and teaches zoology at the National University of Ireland Galway. His research focuses on the evolution of venom systems and on the potential of arthropod venom as a source of novel therapeutic agents. After a six-year stint chasing venomous creatures in the jungles of South East Asia, Dugon published extensively on the evolution of venom systems while pursuing a PhD in Evolutionary Developmental Biology. He was awarded the 2015 Irish National Teaching Award in Higher Education and the 2017 Ryan Award for Innovation. Dugon is currently working on developing the VIDAA network (Venom Investigations for the Development of Antimicrobial Agents) in collaboration with Irish, French and Belgian researchers.
As the founder and director of the science outreach Eco Explorers, Dugon dedicates a sizable amount of his time to promoting ecological awareness in the media and in schools throughout Ireland. Dr Dugon's work has been featured on national and international networks, including RTE, the BBC, Euronews and SKY.
Michel Dugon | Speaker | TED.com