Leila Takayama: What's it like to be a robot?
ليلى تاكاياما: أن تكون روبوتًا!
Leila Takayama conducts research on human-robot interaction. Full bio
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to make a first impression,
لتترك الانطباع الأول،
as well as if you're a person.
روبوتًا أو إنسانًا.
one of these robots
هذه الروبوتات
called Willow Garage in 2008.
my host walked me into the building
اصطحبني مضيفي إلى داخل المبنى
about robots that day
with these possible robot futures,
المستقبلية المحتمَلة للروبوتات،
a lot more about ourselves
expectations for this little dude.
to navigate the physical world,
في العالم المادي وحسب،
to navigate my social world --
to get from point A to point B,
الانتقال من النقطة أ إلى النقطة ب،
not a very efficient thing to do.
أمرًا حاذقًا للقيام به.
that I was a person, not a chair,
to get out of its way
would have been more efficient
to notice that I was a human
than things like chairs and walls do.
في الروبوت على أنه من الفضاء الخارجي
as being from outer space
and from science fiction,
that robots are here today,
بأن الروبوتات موجودة اليوم،
amongst us right now.
and they cut the grass
if I actually had time to do these tasks,
لدي الوقت فعلًا للقيام بهذه المهام،
do it better than I would, too.
بشكل أفضل مني، أيضًا.
he uses the box, it cleans it,
يقوم بتنظيفه،
his life better as well as mine.
وحياتي أيضًا.
it's a robot lawnmower,
إنه جزاز عشب روبوتي،
of other robots hiding in plain sight
من الروبوتات الأخرى المختبئة أمام أعيننا
like, "dishwasher," right?
"غسالة الأطباق"، أليس كذلك؟
serve a purpose in our lives.
at me calling this a robot,
من تسميتي له روبوتًا.
66 degrees Fahrenheit,
منزلي 19 درجة مئوية،
it acts on the physical world.
يؤثر على العالم المادي.
look like Rosie the Robot,
that's really useful in my life
up and down myself.
live and work amongst us now,
تعيش وتعمل بيننا الآن،
living amongst us
a robot operator, too.
from point A to point B,
من النقطة أ إلى النقطة ب،
بنظام توجيه كهربي،
and maybe even adaptive cruise control.
وحتى تحكم تكيفي في السرعة.
a fully autonomous car,
سيارة ذاتية التحكم بشكل كامل؛
like they're invisible-in-use, right?
الاستخدام بحيث لا نشعر بها، أليس كذلك؟
you're going from one place to another.
ذاهبون من مكان لآخر.
that you have to deal with and operate
الذي يتعين عليكم التعامل معه وتشغيله
learning how to drive
لتعلم كيف نقود
extensions of ourselves.
in that tight little garage space,
الركن الصغيرة والضيقة تلك،
that maybe you haven't driven before,
ربما لم تقودوها من قبل،
to get used to your new robot body.
حتى تعتادوا على جسم روبوتكم الجديد.
who operate other types of robots,
الذين يشغلون أنواعًا أخرى من الروبوتات،
a few stories about that.
of remote collaboration.
I had a coworker named Dallas,
يُدعى (دالاس)،
in our company in California.
لدى شركتنا في (كاليفورنيا).
on the table in most of our meetings,
على الطاولة في معظم اجاتماعاتنا،
except that, you know,
إلا أنه كما تعلمون
and we didn't like what he was saying,
ولم يرُق لنا ما كان يقوله،
after that meeting
in the hallway afterwards
robot body parts laying around,
ملقاة على الأرض،
put together this thing,
بتجميع هذا الشيء،
like Skype on a stick on wheels,
على عصا على عجلتين،
one of the most powerful tools
من الأدوات الأكثر فعالية
for remote collaboration.
العمل المشترك عن بعد.
Dallas' email question,
الوارد بالبريد الإلكتروني،
and ask me the question again --
عليَّ السؤال مرة أخرى --
That's kind of rude.
سيكون ذلك تصرفًا فظًا.
for these one-on-one communications,
at the company all-hands meeting.
and committed to your project
كثيرًا جدًا.
of months and then years,
but at others, too.
بل لدى شركات أخرى أيضًا.
with these systems
like you're just there.
to give these things personal space.
مساحة شخصية لهذه الأشياء.
if you were there in person.
there's breakdowns and it's not.
فلا يصبح رائعًا.
There must be a camera over there,"
"أين المكونات؟ لابد من وجود كاميرا هنا."
I'm going to turn up your volume,"
سأقوم برفع مستوى الصوت،"
walk up to you and say,
منك وقوله:
I'm going to turn up your face."
سأقوم بإدارة وجهك."
these new social norms
هذه الأعراف الاجتماعية الجديدة
feeling like it's your body,
"Oh, my robot is kind of short."
آه، يا إلهي روبوتي قصير نوعًا ما."
he was six-foot tall --
كان طوله 183 سم --
to cocktail parties and things like that,
إلى حفلات الكوكتيل وما شابه،
which is close to my height.
ما يقارب طولي.
really looking at me.
at this sea of shoulders,
إلى هذا البحر من الأكتاف،
to be on the shorter end of the spectrum."
عند الطرف القصير من طيف الأطوال."
a lot of empathy for that experience,
تعاطف كبير من التجربة،
as he was talking to me,
and talk to me eye to eye,
to look at this in the laboratory
things like robot height would make.
التي يمكن أن يسببها ارتفاع الروبوت.
used a shorter robot,
روبوتًا أقصر،
used a taller robot
that the exact same person
and says the exact same things as someone,
ويقول ذات الأشياء لشخص ما
and perceived as being more credible
the way that Cliff Nass would put this
(كليفورد ناس) سيصيغ هذا
with these new technologies
مع هذه التقنيات الحديثة
that we have very old brains.
أن لدينا عقول قديمة جدًا.
at the same speed that tech is
بنفس سرعة تطور التكنولوجيا
are running around.
not machines, right?
وليست آلات، صحيح؟
into things like just height of a machine,
لأشياء مثل ارتفاع الآلة،
to the person using the system.
is really important
اختراع الإنسان،
how we extend ourselves, right?
نصنع امتدادات لأنفسنا، صحيح؟
in ways that are sort of surprising.
بطرق مفاجئة إلى حد ما.
because the robots don't have arms,
لأن الروبوتات ليس لها ذراعان،
who are playing pool
من يلعبون البلياردو
for team bonding,
at operating these systems
هذه الأنظمة
like make up new games,
in the middle of the night,
operating these systems.
في تشغيل هذه الأنظمة.
who logged into the robot
90 degrees to the left.
around the office,
في أرجاء المكتب،
getting super embarrassed,
كان مستوى الصوت مرتفعًا جدًا.
his volume was way too high.
in the image is telling me,
was we don't want it to be so disruptive.
في أن يكون مخربًا لهذه الدرجة.
avoidance to the system.
that could see the obstacles,
يمكنه أن يرى العقبات،
try to say, run into a chair,
على سبيل المثال، الاصطدام بكرسي،
it would just plan a path around,
using that system, obviously,
باستخدام هذا النظام، بالطبع،
to get through our obstacle course,
دورة العقبات الخاصة بنا،
this important human dimension --
called locus of control,
يطلق عليه محل السيطرة،
a strong internal locus of control,
محل سيطرة داخلي قوي،
of their own destiny --
to an autonomous system --
لنظام ذاتي التحكم --
fight the autonomy;
سيقاومون التحكم الذاتي؛
I'm going to hit that chair."
فسأصدم ذلك الكرسي."
from having that autonomous assistance,
من هذه المساعدة ذاتية التحكم،
autonomous, say, cars, right?
مثل السيارات، أليس كذلك؟
to grapple with that loss of control?
فقدان السيطرة هذا؟
depending on human dimensions.
as if we're just one monolithic thing.
كنا شيئًا واحدًا متجانسًا.
moment to moment,
الحالة العاطفية من لحظة لأخرى،
the human dimensions,
الأبعاد الإنسانية،
also comes a sense of responsibility.
using one of these systems,
وتستخدم أحد هذه الأنظمة،
would look like.
that's very familiar to people,
لأنه مألوف جدًا للناس،
like it's a video game.
over at Stanford play with the system
للعب باستخدام النظام
around our office in Menlo Park,
مكتبنا في (ميلانو بارك)،
20 نقطة لذلك الرجل."
20 points for that one."
chase them down the hallway.
and feel pain if you hit them."
they would be like,
يبدو أنه يريد أن يُصدَم."
he just looks like he needs to get hit."
like "Ender's Game," right?
أليس كذلك؟
as people designing these interfaces
لواجهات التفاعل هذه
to their actions
these increasingly autonomous things.
متزايدة التحكم الذاتي.
possible robotic future,
المحتملة للروبوتات،
that we can extend ourselves
امتدادات لأنفسنا
that we extend ourselves
امتدادًا لأنفسنا
being able to express our humanity
على التعبير عن بشريتنا
مع الآخرين
shorter, taller, faster, slower,
أو أسرع أو أبطأ
for the robots themselves.
to this intersection in Manhattan,"
forward, that's it.
هذا كل شيء.
it doesn't know how to see the world,
ولا يعرف كيف يرى العالم،
upon the kindness of strangers.
لطف الغرباء.
to the other side of Manhattan --
إلى الجهة الأخرى من منهاتن --
and point it in the right direction.
ويوجهونه بالاتجاه الصحيح.
this human-robot world
حيث يتفاعل الإنسان والروبوت
and collaborate with one another,
ونتعاون مع بعضنا البعض،
and just do things on our own.
والقيام بالأشياء بأنفسنا وحسب.
like the artists and the designers,
مثل الفنانين والمصممين
anthropologists --
والأنثروبولوجيا --
that Stu Card says we should do,
(ستيوارت كارد) أنه يجب علينا فعله
that we actually want to live in.
أن نعيش فيه.
اختبارنا معًا لهذه
المختلفة للروبوتات،
robotic futures together,
learning a lot more about ourselves.
بتعلم الكثير عن أنفسنا.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leila Takayama - Social scientistLeila Takayama conducts research on human-robot interaction.
Why you should listen
Leila Takayama is an acting associate professor of Psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she founded and leads the Re-Embodied Cognition Lab. Her lab examines how people make sense of, interact with, and relate to new technologies. Prior to academia, she was a researcher at GoogleX and Willow Garage, where she developed a taste for working alongside engineers, designers, animators, and more. Her interdisciplinary research continues in her current work on what happens when people interact with robots and through robots.
Takayama is a World Economic Forum Global Futures Council Member and Young Global Leader. In 2015, she was presented the IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Early Career Award. In 2012, she was named a TR35 winner and one of the 100 most creative people in business by Fast Company. She completed her PhD in Communication at Stanford University in 2008, advised by Professor Clifford Nass. She also holds a PhD minor in Psychology from Stanford, a master's degree in Communication from Stanford, and bachelor's of arts degrees in Psychology and Cognitive Science from UC Berkeley (2003). During her graduate studies, she was a research assistant in the User Interface Research (UIR) group at Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
Photo: Melissa DeWitt
Leila Takayama | Speaker | TED.com