TED2011
Robert Hammond: Building a park in the sky
Robert Hammond: At bygge en park i himlen
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New York planlagde at nedlægge 'High Line', en forladt, hævet jernbane på Manhatten, da Robert Hammond og et par venner foreslog: Hvorfor ikke bygge en park? Han deler hvordan det skete, i denne historie om lokal kulturelaktivisme.
Robert Hammond - Friend of the High Line
The co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan. Full bio
The co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The Highline
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'The Highline'
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is an old, elevated rail line
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er en gammel, forhøjet jernbane
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that runs for a mile and a half right through Manhattan.
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der løber 2,4 km gennem Manhatten.
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And it was originally a freight line
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Det var originalt en fragtlinje
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that ran down 10th Ave.
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der løb ned ad 10th Avenue.
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And it became known as "Death Avenue"
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Det blev kendt som "Døds-Avenue"
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because so many people were run over by the trains
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fordi så mange mennesker blev kørt over af togene
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that the railroad hired a guy on horseback to run in front,
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at jenbaneselskabet hyrede en fyr til at ride på hest foran toget,
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and he became known as the "West Side Cowboy."
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og han blev kendt som 'West Side Cowboy'.
00:36
But even with a cowboy,
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Men selv med en cowboy,
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about one person a month
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blev en person om måneden
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was killed and run over.
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kørt over.
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So they elevated it.
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Så de hævede den.
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They built it 30 ft. in the air, right through the middle of the city.
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De byggede den 9 meter i luften, durks gennem byen.
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But with the rise of interstate trucking,
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Ved forøgelsen i interstat lastbil transport,
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it was used less and less.
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blev den brugt mindre og mindre.
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And by 1980, the last train rode.
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I 1980 kørte det sidste tog.
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It was a train loaded with frozen turkeys -- they say, at Thanksgiving --
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Det var et tog med frosne kalkuner -- de siger ved Thanksgiving --
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from the meatpacking district.
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fra købpaknings distriktet.
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And then it was abandoned.
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Og så blev den forladt.
01:00
And I live in the neighborhood,
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Jeg bor i området,
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and I first read about it in the New York Times,
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og jeg læste først om det i New York Times,
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in an article that said it was going to be demolished.
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i en artikel der sagde banen skulle rives ned.
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And I assumed someone was working
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Jeg antog nogen var i gang med
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to preserve it or save it
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at bevare eller redde det
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and I could volunteer,
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og jeg kunne hjælpe,
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but I realized no one was doing anything.
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men jeg opdagede strakt at ingen gjorde noget.
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I went to my first community board meeting --
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Jeg tog til mit første lokalbestyrelses møde --
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which I'd never been to one before --
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jeg havde aldrig været til et før --
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and sat next to another guy named Joshua David,
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og sad ved siden af en fyr kaldet Joshua David,
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who's a travel writer.
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han er en rejseanmelder.
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And at the end of the meeting, we realized
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Det gik op for os i slutningen af mødet
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we were the only two people that were sort of interested in the project;
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at vi to var de eneste der bare havde en smule interesse i projektet;
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most people wanted to tear it down.
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de fleste ville rive det ned.
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So we exchanged business cards,
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Vi udvekslede business kort,
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and we kept calling each other
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vi blev ved med at ringe sammen
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and decided to start this organization,
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og vi besluttede at starte denne organisation,
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Friends of the High Line.
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"Venner af 'High Line' "
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And the goal at first
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Til start var målet
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was just saving it from demolition,
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blot at stoppe nedrivningen,
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but then we also wanted to figure out what we could do with it.
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derefter ville vi finde ud af hvad vi kunne gøre med den.
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And what first attracted me, or interested me,
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Det der først vagte interesse i mig
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was this view from the street --
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var denne udsigt fra gaden --
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which is this steel structure,
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den her stål konstruktion,
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sort of rusty,
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rusten,
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this industrial relic.
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denne industrielle levn.
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But when I went up on top,
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Da jeg så gik op på den,
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it was a mile and a half of wildflowers
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var det 2,5 km af vilde blomster
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running right through the middle of Manhattan
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lige gennem midten af Manhattan
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with views of the Empire State Building
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med udsigt til Empire State bygningen,
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and the Statue of Liberty and the Hudson River.
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og Frihedsgudinden og Hudsonfloden.
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And that's really where we started,
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Det er faktisk der vi startede,
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the idea coalesced around, let's make this a park,
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idéen udviklede sig og blev til; "lad os lave en park",
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and let's have it be sort of inspired
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og lade den inspirere
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by this wildscape.
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af denne vilde natur.
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At the time, there was a lot of opposition.
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Der var meget modstand på dette tidspunkt.
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Mayor Giuliani wanted to tear it down.
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Borgmester Giuliani ville rive den ned.
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I'm going to fast-forward through a lot of lawsuits
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Jeg spoler forbi en masse retssager
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and a lot of community engagement.
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og masser af engagement i området.
02:25
Mayor Bloomberg came in office, he was very supportive,
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Borgmester Bloomberg blev valgt og han var meget støttende,
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but we still had to make the economic case.
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men vi skulle stadig have et økonomisk argument.
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This was after 9/11;
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Det var efter 9/11;
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the city was in tough times.
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byen havde det svært.
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So we commissioned an economic feasibility study
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Vi gennemførte en økonomisk gennemførligheds undersøgelse
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to try to make the case.
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for at få bygget en sag.
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And it turns out, we got those numbers wrong.
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Det viste sig, vi tog fejl hvad angår tallene.
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We thought it would cost 100 million dollars to build.
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Vi troede det ville koste 100 millioner dollard at bygge.
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So far it's cost about 150 million.
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Indtil videre har det kostet 150 millioner.
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And the main case was,
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Vores argument var,
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this is going to make good economic sense for the city.
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det giver god økonomisk mening for byen.
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So we said over a 20-year time period,
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Vi sagde at over en 20-årig periode,
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the value to the city in increased property values
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vil værdien af de forøgede ejendoms værdier
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and increased taxes
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og forøgede skatter
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would be about 250 million.
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blive til 250 millioner.
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That was enough. It really got the city behind it.
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Det var nok. Det fik byen bag os.
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It turns out we were wrong on that.
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Det viste sig vi også tog fejl der.
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Now people estimate it's created about a half a billion dollars,
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Nu siger folk det har skabt en halv millard dollars,
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or will create about a half a billion dollars,
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eller det vil skabe en halv milliard dollars.
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in tax revenues for the city.
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i skattepenge til byen.
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We did a design competition,
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Vi lavede en design koncurrence,
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selected a design team.
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valgte et hold.
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We worked with them to really create a design
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Vi arbejde med dem for at skabe et design
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that was inspired by that wildscape.
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der var inspireret af den vilde natur.
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There's three sections.
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Der er tre sektioner.
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We opened the fist section in 2009.
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Vi åbnede den første sektion i 2009.
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It's been successful beyond our dreams.
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Det har været mere succesfuldt end vi har turde håbe på.
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Last year we had about two million people,
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Sidste år besøgte ca. 2 millioner mennesker,
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which is about 10 times what we ever estimated.
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hvilket er 10 gange så mange som vi havde regnet med.
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This is one of my favorite features in section one.
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Det er en af mine yndlings funktioner i første sektion.
03:35
It's this amphitheater right over 10th Ave.
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Det er et amfiteater lige over 10. Avenue.
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And the first section ends at 20th St. right now.
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Den første sektion ender ved 20th Street lige nu.
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The other thing, it's generated, obviously, a lot of economic value;
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Det har skabt massere af økonomisk værdi,
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it's also inspired, I think, a lot of great architecture.
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det er har også inspireret, synes jeg, massere fantastisk arkitektur.
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There's a point, you can stand here
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Der er et punkt, du kan stå her
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and see buildings by Frank Gehry,
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og se bygningerne af Frank Gehry,
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Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
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Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
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Neil Denari.
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Neil Denari.
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And the Whitney is moving downtown
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Whitney flytter downtown
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and is building their new museum right at the base of the High Line.
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og bygger deres nye museum ved foden af 'High Line'.
04:01
And this has been designed by Renzo Piano.
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Det er blevet designet af Renzo Piano.
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And they're going to break ground in May.
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De starter med byggeriet i Maj.
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And we've already started construction on section two.
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Vi er allerede startet på anden sektion.
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This is one of my favorite features,
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Det er en af mine yndlings funktioner,
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this flyover where you're eight feet
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denne overflyvning hvor du er 2,5 meter
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off the surface of the High Line,
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over 'High Line's' overflade,
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running through a canopy of trees.
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igennem træerne trækroner.
04:16
The High Line used to be covered in billboards,
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'High Line' plejede at være dækket med reklamer,
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and so we've taken a playful take
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vi valgte at tage en legende tilgang
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where, instead of framing advertisements,
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hvor, frem for at indramme reklamer
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it's going to frame people in views of the city.
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kommer det til at indramme folks udsigt over byen.
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This was just installed last month.
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Rammen blev sat på sidste måned.
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And then the last section was going to go around the rail yards,
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Den sidste sektion skal gå rundt om jernbaneværftet,
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which is the largest undeveloped site
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hvilket er det største uudviklede sted
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in Manhattan.
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i Manhattan.
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And the city has planned -- for better or for worse --
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Byen har planlagt -- om det er på godt eller ondt --
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12 million square-feet of development
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1 million kvadratmeter af udvikling
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that the High Line is going to ring around.
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som 'High Line' skal gå rundt om.
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But what really, I think, makes the High Line special
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Men hvad der faktisk gør 'High Line' speciel
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is the people.
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er menneskene.
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And honestly, even though I love the designs that we were building,
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For at være ærlig, selvom jeg elskede de designs vi byggede,
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I was always frightened that I wouldn't really love it,
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var jeg altid bange for om jeg virkeligt ville elske det,
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because I fell in love with that wildscape --
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fordi jeg forelskede mig i vildskaben --
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and how could you recreate that magic?
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hvordan kan man genskabe den magi?
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But what I found
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Jeg fandt ud af
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is it's in the people and how they use it
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det er de mennesker der bruger den
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that, to me, makes it so special.
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der gør stedet specielt, for mig.
05:03
Just one quick example
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Et hurtigt eksempel
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is I realized right after we opened
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er det gik op for mig da vi åbnede
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that there were all these people holding hands on the High Line.
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at der gik en helt masse mennesker på 'High Line' hånd i hånd.
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And I realized New Yorkers don't hold hands;
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Det slog mig; New Yorkers holder ikke hånd,
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we just don't do that outside.
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det gør vi bare ikke udenfor.
05:16
But you see that happening on the High Line,
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Men det ser du på 'High Line',
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and I think that's the power
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og det er den effekt
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that public space can have
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offentligt rum kan have
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to transform how people experience their city
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på folks opfattelse af deres by
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and interact with each other.
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og deres interaktioner med hinanden.
05:26
Thanks.
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Tak.
05:28
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Hammond - Friend of the High LineThe co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan.
Why you should listen
Robert Hammond is the co-founder and former executive director of Friends of the High Line. He's worked as a consultant for a variety of entrepreneurial endeavors and nonprofits, including the Times Square Alliance, Alliance for the Arts and National Cooperative Bank (NCB).
Hammond is also a self-taught artist. From 2002 to 2005 he served as an Ex-Officio Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He was awarded the Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome in 2009.
Robert Hammond | Speaker | TED.com