TED2011
Robert Hammond: Building a park in the sky
罗伯特·哈蒙德：空中公园
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
863,704 views
纽约市计划要拆除高架线，一条在曼哈顿废弃的高架铁路，当罗伯特·哈蒙德和一些朋友提议：为什么不把它建成公园呢？他分享了当地文化运动主义的这个故事是怎么使公园的计划得以成型。
Robert Hammond - Friend of the High Line
The co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan. Full bio
The co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The Highline
0
0
2000
高架线
00:17
is an old, elevated rail line
1
2000
2000
是一条旧的，高架轨道线
00:19
that runs for a mile and a half right through Manhattan.
2
4000
3000
它直通曼哈顿有一英里半长的距离。
00:22
And it was originally a freight line
3
7000
2000
它原本是
00:24
that ran down 10th Ave.
4
9000
3000
沿着第十大街的货运线。
00:27
And it became known as "Death Avenue"
5
12000
2000
它因“死亡大道”而得名
00:29
because so many people were run over by the trains
6
14000
2000
因为许多人被列车压死
00:31
that the railroad hired a guy on horseback to run in front,
7
16000
3000
以至于铁路局聘请马背上的一个家伙要跑在火车前鸣笛开道，
00:34
and he became known as the "West Side Cowboy."
8
19000
2000
他就是著名的“西区小子”。
00:36
But even with a cowboy,
9
21000
2000
但即使有这样的牛仔，
00:38
about one person a month
10
23000
2000
每月约有一人
00:40
was killed and run over.
11
25000
2000
还是被压死。
00:42
So they elevated it.
12
27000
2000
所以他们建了高架轨道。
00:44
They built it 30 ft. in the air, right through the middle of the city.
13
29000
3000
他们把它建在空中有30英尺高，横跨城市市中。
00:47
But with the rise of interstate trucking,
14
32000
2000
但随着州际货运的兴起，
00:49
it was used less and less.
15
34000
2000
高架线被用得越来越少。
00:51
And by 1980, the last train rode.
16
36000
3000
到1980年，最后一班列车运行。
00:54
It was a train loaded with frozen turkeys -- they say, at Thanksgiving --
17
39000
2000
据说，在感恩节，那是一辆装有冷冻火鸡的列车--
00:56
from the meatpacking district.
18
41000
2000
从肉类加工区开出。
00:58
And then it was abandoned.
19
43000
2000
然后高架线被弃用。
01:00
And I live in the neighborhood,
20
45000
2000
我住在附近，
01:02
and I first read about it in the New York Times,
21
47000
2000
我第一次在纽约时报读到这个，
01:04
in an article that said it was going to be demolished.
22
49000
3000
在一篇文章里说它要被拆除。
01:07
And I assumed someone was working
23
52000
2000
我想着有人会行动
01:09
to preserve it or save it
24
54000
2000
去保留或者保护它
01:11
and I could volunteer,
25
56000
2000
我可以志愿，
01:13
but I realized no one was doing anything.
26
58000
2000
但我意识到没有人做点事请。
01:15
I went to my first community board meeting --
27
60000
2000
我第一次去了社区委员会会议--
01:17
which I'd never been to one before --
28
62000
3000
之前我从没去过--
01:20
and sat next to another guy named Joshua David,
29
65000
2000
邻座的另一个人名叫约书亚·大卫，
01:22
who's a travel writer.
30
67000
2000
他是一名旅行作家。
01:24
And at the end of the meeting, we realized
31
69000
2000
在会议之后，我意识到
01:26
we were the only two people that were sort of interested in the project;
32
71000
2000
我们是仅有的两个人会对这计划感兴趣；
01:28
most people wanted to tear it down.
33
73000
2000
多数人想要拆除它。
01:30
So we exchanged business cards,
34
75000
2000
所以我们交换了名片，
01:32
and we kept calling each other
35
77000
2000
我们互通电话
01:34
and decided to start this organization,
36
79000
2000
决定开始组成这个组织，
01:36
Friends of the High Line.
37
81000
2000
高架线的朋友。
01:38
And the goal at first
38
83000
2000
起初目标
01:40
was just saving it from demolition,
39
85000
2000
仅是保护它不要被拆除，
01:42
but then we also wanted to figure out what we could do with it.
40
87000
3000
但后来我们也想搞明白我们可以为此做些什么。
01:45
And what first attracted me, or interested me,
41
90000
2000
首先吸引我的或让我感兴趣的
01:47
was this view from the street --
42
92000
2000
是从这街上看过去的高架线--
01:49
which is this steel structure,
43
94000
2000
它是这种钢铁结构，
01:51
sort of rusty,
44
96000
2000
有点生锈，
01:53
this industrial relic.
45
98000
2000
这种工业建筑遗产。
01:55
But when I went up on top,
46
100000
2000
但当我从上放眼望去，
01:57
it was a mile and a half of wildflowers
47
102000
2000
它是一英里半的野花丛生
01:59
running right through the middle of Manhattan
48
104000
3000
直通曼哈顿的市中心
02:02
with views of the Empire State Building
49
107000
2000
可以看见帝国大厦，
02:04
and the Statue of Liberty and the Hudson River.
50
109000
2000
自由女神像和哈得逊河。
02:06
And that's really where we started,
51
111000
2000
这的确就是我们开始要着手的
02:08
the idea coalesced around, let's make this a park,
52
113000
3000
结合周围的想法就是让我们把这建成一个公园，
02:11
and let's have it be sort of inspired
53
116000
2000
让我们把它建成
02:13
by this wildscape.
54
118000
3000
是受这种野外景致启发的公园。
02:16
At the time, there was a lot of opposition.
55
121000
2000
那时候，还有很多阻力。
02:18
Mayor Giuliani wanted to tear it down.
56
123000
2000
朱利亚尼市长想要拆除它。
02:20
I'm going to fast-forward through a lot of lawsuits
57
125000
2000
我会很快面临许多诉讼
02:22
and a lot of community engagement.
58
127000
3000
和参与许多社区。
02:25
Mayor Bloomberg came in office, he was very supportive,
59
130000
3000
布隆伯格市长来到我办公室，他是非常支持的，
02:28
but we still had to make the economic case.
60
133000
2000
但我们还得面对经济问题。
02:30
This was after 9/11;
61
135000
2000
这是在9/11之后；
02:32
the city was in tough times.
62
137000
2000
纽约市处于困难时期。
02:34
So we commissioned an economic feasibility study
63
139000
2000
所以我们委托了一家经济可行性研究
02:36
to try to make the case.
64
141000
2000
试着做这案例。
02:38
And it turns out, we got those numbers wrong.
65
143000
2000
结果是，我们得到了错误的数字。
02:40
We thought it would cost 100 million dollars to build.
66
145000
3000
我们原想它会花费1亿美元去建成。
02:43
So far it's cost about 150 million.
67
148000
3000
到目前为止，它的成本约为一亿五千万元。
02:46
And the main case was,
68
151000
2000
主要是，
02:48
this is going to make good economic sense for the city.
69
153000
2000
这将会为这城市带来好的经济效益。
02:50
So we said over a 20-year time period,
70
155000
3000
所以我们说在20年的时间内，
02:53
the value to the city in increased property values
71
158000
3000
对这城市价值是增加其地产价值
02:56
and increased taxes
72
161000
2000
增加税收
02:58
would be about 250 million.
73
163000
2000
会约为两亿五千万美元。
03:00
That was enough. It really got the city behind it.
74
165000
2000
这足够了。这真的得到了它背后的城市价值。
03:02
It turns out we were wrong on that.
75
167000
2000
但结果是我们就这方面是错误的。
03:04
Now people estimate it's created about a half a billion dollars,
76
169000
3000
现在人们估计它创造了约5亿美元，
03:07
or will create about a half a billion dollars,
77
172000
2000
或者会创造约5亿美元
03:09
in tax revenues for the city.
78
174000
2000
在城市的税收方面。
03:11
We did a design competition,
79
176000
2000
我们有了一个设计比赛，
03:13
selected a design team.
80
178000
2000
选择了一个设计团队。
03:15
We worked with them to really create a design
81
180000
2000
我们与他们
03:17
that was inspired by that wildscape.
82
182000
3000
受此野外景致的启发而真正创造了一个设计。
03:20
There's three sections.
83
185000
2000
共有三个部分。
03:22
We opened the fist section in 2009.
84
187000
2000
在2009年我们开放了第一部分。
03:24
It's been successful beyond our dreams.
85
189000
3000
它远超乎我们的梦想而成功了。
03:27
Last year we had about two million people,
86
192000
2000
去年约有两百万人，
03:29
which is about 10 times what we ever estimated.
87
194000
3000
这比我们曾估计的人数要多出10倍。
03:32
This is one of my favorite features in section one.
88
197000
3000
在第一部分这是我最喜欢的景致之一。
03:35
It's this amphitheater right over 10th Ave.
89
200000
3000
这是在第十大街的圆形剧场。
03:38
And the first section ends at 20th St. right now.
90
203000
3000
目前第一部分截止于第二十大街。
03:41
The other thing, it's generated, obviously, a lot of economic value;
91
206000
3000
另一件事，很明显，它产生了大量的经济价值；
03:44
it's also inspired, I think, a lot of great architecture.
92
209000
3000
我想，它也激发了许多伟大的建筑。
03:47
There's a point, you can stand here
93
212000
2000
在这一点，你能站在这儿
03:49
and see buildings by Frank Gehry,
94
214000
2000
俯视弗兰克·盖里
03:51
Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
95
216000
2000
让·努维尔，坂茂，
03:53
Neil Denari.
96
218000
2000
尼尔·丹尼瑞的建筑群。
03:55
And the Whitney is moving downtown
97
220000
3000
惠特尼艺术博物馆会移到市中心
03:58
and is building their new museum right at the base of the High Line.
98
223000
3000
恰好在在高架线基地建立它们的新博物馆。
04:01
And this has been designed by Renzo Piano.
99
226000
2000
这博物馆是由伦佐·皮亚诺设计的。
04:03
And they're going to break ground in May.
100
228000
3000
他们会在今年五月破土动工。
04:06
And we've already started construction on section two.
101
231000
2000
我们已经开工建设第二部分。
04:08
This is one of my favorite features,
102
233000
2000
这也是我最喜欢的景致之一，
04:10
this flyover where you're eight feet
103
235000
2000
这座天桥
04:12
off the surface of the High Line,
104
237000
2000
离高架线的表面有8英尺
04:14
running through a canopy of trees.
105
239000
2000
它穿行于一群树木树冠之间。
04:16
The High Line used to be covered in billboards,
106
241000
3000
高架线曾被广告牌覆盖，
04:19
and so we've taken a playful take
107
244000
2000
所以我们采取俏皮的方法
04:21
where, instead of framing advertisements,
108
246000
2000
取代框架广告的是，
04:23
it's going to frame people in views of the city.
109
248000
3000
它会把人们框架到城市的景观中去。
04:26
This was just installed last month.
110
251000
3000
这是上月才开始安装的。
04:29
And then the last section was going to go around the rail yards,
111
254000
3000
然后最后一部分是沿着各铁路站场，
04:32
which is the largest undeveloped site
112
257000
2000
它们是曼哈顿最大的未开发的
04:34
in Manhattan.
113
259000
2000
地方。
04:36
And the city has planned -- for better or for worse --
114
261000
3000
纽约市为了更好的或者更糟的城市规划着--
04:39
12 million square-feet of development
115
264000
2000
一千两百万平方英尺的发展
04:41
that the High Line is going to ring around.
116
266000
2000
高架线也将环顾左右。
04:43
But what really, I think, makes the High Line special
117
268000
2000
但我想使得高架线的确特别的
04:45
is the people.
118
270000
2000
是人们。
04:47
And honestly, even though I love the designs that we were building,
119
272000
3000
实话说，尽管我爱我们所建造的设计，
04:50
I was always frightened that I wouldn't really love it,
120
275000
3000
我常常害怕，我不会是真的爱它们，
04:53
because I fell in love with that wildscape --
121
278000
2000
因为我爱上了这种野外景致--
04:55
and how could you recreate that magic?
122
280000
2000
我们怎能重新创造这种神奇呢？
04:57
But what I found
123
282000
2000
但我所发现的
04:59
is it's in the people and how they use it
124
284000
2000
是这里的人们，他们怎么使用这公园
05:01
that, to me, makes it so special.
125
286000
2000
对我而言，才使得这高架线如此特别。
05:03
Just one quick example
126
288000
2000
仅一个简单的例子
05:05
is I realized right after we opened
127
290000
2000
是我恰好意识到在我们开放公园后
05:07
that there were all these people holding hands on the High Line.
128
292000
3000
在高架线所有这些人握手了。
05:10
And I realized New Yorkers don't hold hands;
129
295000
3000
我知道纽约人从不握手；
05:13
we just don't do that outside.
130
298000
3000
我们只是在外边不会这么做。
05:16
But you see that happening on the High Line,
131
301000
2000
但大家看到在高架线上所发生的事，
05:18
and I think that's the power
132
303000
2000
我想这就是种力量
05:20
that public space can have
133
305000
2000
使得公众空间可以
05:22
to transform how people experience their city
134
307000
2000
改变人们体验自己城市的感受
05:24
and interact with each other.
135
309000
2000
并互动联系在一起。
05:26
Thanks.
136
311000
2000
谢谢。
05:28
(Applause)
137
313000
7000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Hammond - Friend of the High LineThe co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan.
Why you should listen
Robert Hammond is the co-founder and former executive director of Friends of the High Line. He's worked as a consultant for a variety of entrepreneurial endeavors and nonprofits, including the Times Square Alliance, Alliance for the Arts and National Cooperative Bank (NCB).
Hammond is also a self-taught artist. From 2002 to 2005 he served as an Ex-Officio Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He was awarded the Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome in 2009.
Robert Hammond | Speaker | TED.com