TED2016
Trevor Timm: How free is our freedom of the press?
Trevor Timm: Hvor fri er vores pressefrihed?
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I USA, har pressen ret til at publicere hemmelige oplysninger som er i almen interesse, den ret er beskyttet af det første tillæg til forfatningen. Regeringsovervågning har gjort det mere og mere farligt at dele oplysninger for whistleblowers, som er kilden til næsten enhver vigtig historie om national sikkerhed siden 11. September. I denne korte, oplysende TedTalk, fortæller TED Fellow og medstifter af Freedom of the Press Foundation om den senere historie af slåen ned på de der afdækker forbrydelser og urimeligheder fra regeringens side. og anbefaler teknologi der kan hjælpe med at dele oplysninger sikkert og anonymt.
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So this is James Risen.
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Det her er James Risen.
I kender ham måske som Pulitzer-vindende
journalist
journalist
00:15
You may know him as the
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
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fra New York Times.
00:17
for The New York Times.
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00:19
Long before anybody knew
Edward Snowden's name,
Edward Snowden's name,
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Lang tid før Edward Snowden
var et kendt navn.
var et kendt navn.
00:22
Risen wrote a book in which
he famously exposed
he famously exposed
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Skrev Risen en bog
Hvor han afdækkede
Hvor han afdækkede
00:25
that the NSA was illegally wiretapping
the phone calls of Americans.
the phone calls of Americans.
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den ulovlige telefonaflytning
som NSA foretager af amerikanere.
som NSA foretager af amerikanere.
Det er dog et andet kapitel i den bog
00:29
But it's another chapter in that book
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som måske har en endnu større betydning.
00:31
that may have an even more lasting impact.
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2015
00:34
In it, he describes a catastrophic
US intelligence operation
US intelligence operation
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I det, beskriver han en katastrofal
amerikansk efterretningsoperation
amerikansk efterretningsoperation
00:39
in which the CIA quite literally
handed over blueprints
handed over blueprints
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hvor CIA helt bogstaveligt gav Iran
00:42
of a nuclear bomb to Iran.
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tegningerne til atombomber.
00:44
If that sounds crazy, go read it.
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Hvis det lyder sindssygt, så læs det.
Det er en utrolig historie.
00:46
It's an incredible story.
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00:48
But you know who didn't like that chapter?
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Ved i hvem der ikke kunne lide kapitlet?
00:50
The US government.
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Den amerikanske regering.
I næsten ti år bagefter
00:52
For nearly a decade afterwards,
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00:54
Risen was the subject
of a US government investigation
of a US government investigation
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blev Risen undersøgt af regeringen
00:58
in which prosecutors demanded
that he testify
that he testify
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og blev af anklagere afkrævet,
at vidne imod
at vidne imod
01:00
against one of his alleged sources.
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en af hans påståede kilder.
01:02
And along the way, he became the face
for the US government's recent pattern
for the US government's recent pattern
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I den proces blev han eksemplet
på et mønster fra den amerikanske regering
på et mønster fra den amerikanske regering
01:06
of prosecuting whistleblowers
and spying on journalists.
and spying on journalists.
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af at retsforfølge whistleblowers
og spionere på journalister.
og spionere på journalister.
01:10
You see, under the First Amendment,
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Det første tillæg til forfatningen
01:12
the press has the right to publish
secret information in the public interest.
secret information in the public interest.
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giver pressen ret til at udgive
hemmelig information af almen interesse.
hemmelig information af almen interesse.
01:16
But it's impossible to exercise that right
if the media can't also gather that news
if the media can't also gather that news
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men det er umuligt at bruge den ret
hvis medierne ikke kan samle oplysninger
hvis medierne ikke kan samle oplysninger
01:21
and protect the identities
of the brave men and women
of the brave men and women
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og beskytte identiteterne
på de modige mænd og kvinder
på de modige mænd og kvinder
01:24
who get it to them.
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som deler oplysningerne.
01:26
So when the government came knocking,
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Så da regeringen bankede på,
01:28
Risen did what many brave reporters
have done before him:
have done before him:
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gjorde Risen
hvad mange journalister har gjort før:
hvad mange journalister har gjort før:
01:31
he refused
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Han nægtede
01:32
and said he'd rather go to jail.
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og sagde han hellere ville fængsles
01:34
So from 2007 to 2015,
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så fra 2007 til 2015
01:37
Risen lived under the specter
of going to federal prison.
of going to federal prison.
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levede Risen under truslen
af at blive sat i fængsel.
af at blive sat i fængsel.
01:40
That is, until just days before the trial,
when a curious thing happened.
when a curious thing happened.
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Indtil, bare dage før retssagen,
hvor noget mærkeligt skete.
hvor noget mærkeligt skete.
01:45
Suddenly, after years of claiming
it was vital to their case,
it was vital to their case,
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pludseligt, efter i årevis at påstå
at det var vitalt for deres sag,
at det var vitalt for deres sag,
01:49
the government dropped their demands
to Risen altogether.
to Risen altogether.
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droppede regeringen alle krav til Risen
01:52
It turns out, in the age
of electronic surveillance,
of electronic surveillance,
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Det viser sig,
i den elektroniske overvågningsalder,
i den elektroniske overvågningsalder,
01:55
there are very few places
reporters and sources can hide.
reporters and sources can hide.
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er der meget få gemmesteder
for journalister og deres kilder
for journalister og deres kilder
01:58
And instead of trying and failing
to have Risen testify,
to have Risen testify,
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og i stedet for at prøve og fejle
i at få Risen til at vidne,
i at få Risen til at vidne,
02:02
they could have his digital trail
testify against him instead.
testify against him instead.
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kunne de få hans digitale spor
til at vidne imod ham istedet.
til at vidne imod ham istedet.
02:06
So completely in secret
and without his consent,
and without his consent,
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Så fuldstændigt i hemmelighed
og uden hans accept,
og uden hans accept,
02:09
prosecutors got Risen's phone records.
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fik anklagerne Risens telefonoplysninger.
02:11
They got his email records,
his financial and banking information,
his financial and banking information,
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De fik hans email,
hans finans- og bankoplysninger,
hans finans- og bankoplysninger,
02:16
his credit reports,
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hans kredit oplysninger,
02:18
even travel records with a list
of flights he had taken.
of flights he had taken.
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selv rejseoplysninger
med en liste over ture han havde taget.
med en liste over ture han havde taget.
02:21
And it was among this information that
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
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Det var disse oplysninger
de brugte til at dømme Jeffrey Sterling
de brugte til at dømme Jeffrey Sterling
02:25
Risen's alleged source
and CIA whistleblower.
and CIA whistleblower.
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Risens påståede kilde
og CIA whistleblower.
og CIA whistleblower.
02:30
Sadly, this is only one case of many.
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Desværre er det kun en sag af mange,
02:33
President Obama ran on a promise
to protect whistleblowers,
to protect whistleblowers,
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præsident Obama
blev valgt på at beskytte whistleblowers
blev valgt på at beskytte whistleblowers
02:36
and instead, his Justice Department
has prosecuted more
has prosecuted more
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og istedet, har hans justitsministerium
retsforfulgt flere
retsforfulgt flere
02:40
than all other administrations combined.
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end alle andre administrationer tilsammen.
02:43
Now, you can see how this
could be a problem,
could be a problem,
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Man kan se hvordan det er et problem,
02:45
especially because the government
considers so much of what it does secret.
considers so much of what it does secret.
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specielt fordi regeringen betragter
meget af hvad den gør som hemmeligt
meget af hvad den gør som hemmeligt
02:50
Since 9/11, virtually every important
story about national security
story about national security
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Siden 11. September
er næsten alle sikkerhedshistorier
er næsten alle sikkerhedshistorier
02:55
has been the result of a whistleblower
coming to a journalist.
coming to a journalist.
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kommet fra at en whistleblower
kontakter en journalist
kontakter en journalist
02:58
So we risk seeing the press
unable to do their job
unable to do their job
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Så vi risikerer en presse
ude af stand til at udføre sit job
ude af stand til at udføre sit job
03:01
that the First Amendment
is supposed to protect
is supposed to protect
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som det første forfatningstillæg
er beregnet til at beskytte
er beregnet til at beskytte
03:03
because of the government's
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
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fordi regeringens udvidede evne
til at spionere på enhver.
til at spionere på enhver.
03:07
But just as technology has allowed
the government
the government
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På samme måde som teknologi
har tilladt regeringen
har tilladt regeringen
03:09
to circumvent reporters' rights,
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at omgå journalisters rettigheder,
03:12
the press can also use technology
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kan pressen også bruge teknologien
03:14
to protect their sources
even better than before.
even better than before.
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til at beskytte deres kilder bedre end før
03:17
And they can start from the moment
they begin speaking with them,
they begin speaking with them,
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og de kan begynde fra det øjeblik
hvor de starter med at snakke,
hvor de starter med at snakke,
03:20
rather than on the witness stand
after the fact.
after the fact.
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i stedet for i vidneskranken bagefter.
03:24
Communications software now exists
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Der findes nu kommunikations software
03:26
that wasn't available
when Risen was writing his book,
when Risen was writing his book,
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som ikke var tilgængeligt
da Risen skrev sin bog,
da Risen skrev sin bog,
03:28
and is much more surveillance-resistant
than regular emails or phone calls.
than regular emails or phone calls.
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og som er meget mere overvågningssikker
end almindelige emails og telefonopkald.
end almindelige emails og telefonopkald.
03:33
For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,
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For eksempel er et værktøj SecureDrop,
03:38
an open-source whistleblower
submission system
submission system
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et open-source whistleblower
indsendelses system
indsendelses system
03:40
that was originally created by the late
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
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der oprindeligt blev skabt af den afdøde
internetstjerne Aaron Swartz,
internetstjerne Aaron Swartz,
03:44
and is now developed
at the non-profit where I work,
at the non-profit where I work,
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og som nu bliver udviklet
hos organisationen hvor jeg arbejder,
hos organisationen hvor jeg arbejder,
03:47
Freedom of the Press Foundation.
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Freedom of the Press Foundation.
03:49
Instead of sending an email,
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I stedet for at sende en email,
03:51
you go to a news organization's website,
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gå du ind på et nyhedsmedies hjemmeside
03:53
like this one here on The Washington Post.
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ligesom den her hos Washington Post
03:56
From there, you can upload a document
or send information
or send information
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derfra, kan du uploade et dokument
eller sende oplysninger
eller sende oplysninger
03:59
much like you would
on any other contact form.
on any other contact form.
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på samme måde som på andre kontakt skemaer
04:02
It'll then be encrypted
and stored on a server
and stored on a server
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Derefter krypteres det
og gemmes på en server
og gemmes på en server
04:05
that only the news organization
has access to.
has access to.
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som kun nyhedsmediet har adgang til.
04:08
So the government can no longer
secretly demand the information,
secretly demand the information,
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Så regeringen ikke længere i hemmelighed
kan afkræve oplysningerne,
kan afkræve oplysningerne,
04:11
and much of the information
they would demand
they would demand
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og mange af oplysninger som de ville kræve
04:13
wouldn't be available in the first place.
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vil ikke være tilfængelige alligevel.
04:16
SecureDrop, though, is really
only a small part of the puzzle
only a small part of the puzzle
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SecureDrop, er dog kun en lille del
04:19
for protecting press freedom
in the 21st century.
in the 21st century.
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af at beskytte pressefriheden
i det 21. århundrede.
i det 21. århundrede.
04:23
Unfortunately, governments
all over the world
all over the world
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Desværre udvikler regeringer overalt
04:25
are constantly developing
new spying techniques
new spying techniques
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nye spionteknikker
04:27
that put us all at risk.
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som sætter det hele i fare.
04:30
And it's up to us going forward
to make sure
to make sure
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og det er op til os fremadrettet at sikre
04:32
that it's not just
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
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at det ikke kun er de teknologikyndige
whistleblowers
whistleblowers
04:35
like Edward Snowden, who have
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
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som Edward Snowden
som kan afdække synder,
som kan afdække synder,
04:39
It's just as vital that we protect the
next veteran's health care whistleblower
next veteran's health care whistleblower
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det er ligeså vigtigt at vi beskytter
den næste whistleblower i veteranplejen
den næste whistleblower i veteranplejen
04:44
alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,
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som advarer om overfyldte hospitaler,
04:47
or the next environmental worker
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eller den næste miljøarbejder
04:49
sounding the alarm
about Flint's dirty water,
about Flint's dirty water,
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der alarmerer om Flints beskidte vand,
04:53
or a Wall Street insider
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eller en Wall Street insider
04:54
warning us of the next financial crisis.
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der advarer om den næste finanskrise.
04:57
After all, these tools weren't just built
to help the brave men and women
to help the brave men and women
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I sidste ende er de her værktøjer
ikke kun beskyttelse for dem
ikke kun beskyttelse for dem
05:02
who expose crimes,
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der afslører forbrydelser,
05:03
but are meant to protect
all of our rights under the Constitution.
all of our rights under the Constitution.
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men også midler til at beskytte
vores rettigheder under forfatningen
vores rettigheder under forfatningen
05:07
Thank you.
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Mange tak
05:08
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analystTrevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability.
Why you should listen
Trevor Timm is a co-founder and the executive director of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. He is a journalist, activist, and lawyer who writes a twice weekly column for The Guardian on privacy, free speech, and national security. He has contributed to The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, Foreign Policy, Harvard Law and Policy Review, PBS MediaShift and Politico.
Trevor formerly worked as an activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Before that, he helped the longtime General Counsel of The New York Times, James Goodale, write a book on the Pentagon Papers and the First Amendment. He received his J.D. from New York Law School.
Trevor Timm | Speaker | TED.com