TEDxMarin
Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations
Robb Willer: Sådan får du bedre politiske samtaler
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
2,681,111 views
Robb Willer undersøger de energier der samler eller skiller os. Som social psykolog undersøger han hvordan moralske værdier -- en typisk kilde til adskillelse -- kan føre folk sammen. Willer deler en overbevisende indsigt i hvordan vi bygger bro mellem ideologier, og giver os intuitive råd om hvordan vi kan være mere overbevisende, når vi taler politik.
Robb Willer - Social psychologist
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So you probably have the sense,
as most people do,
as most people do,
0
760
3056
Du fornemmer måske,
som så mange andre,
som så mange andre,
00:15
that polarization
is getting worse in our country,
is getting worse in our country,
1
3840
3656
at polariseringen øges,
00:19
that the divide
between the left and the right
between the left and the right
2
7520
3456
at skellet mellem venstre og højre
00:23
is as bad as it's been
in really any of our lifetimes.
in really any of our lifetimes.
3
11000
3536
er værre end nogensinde før.
00:26
But you might also reasonably wonder
if research backs up your intuition.
if research backs up your intuition.
4
14560
5280
Men bakkes din fornemmelse
mon op af forskning.
mon op af forskning.
00:32
And in a nutshell,
the answer is sadly yes.
the answer is sadly yes.
5
20560
4680
I det store hele
er svaret desværre ja.
er svaret desværre ja.
00:38
In study after study, we find
6
26920
2016
Forskning viser,
00:40
that liberals and conservatives
have grown further apart.
have grown further apart.
7
28960
3680
at venstre- og højrefløjen er
længere fra hinanden.
længere fra hinanden.
00:45
They increasingly wall themselves off
in these ideological silos,
in these ideological silos,
8
33440
4776
De forskanser sig i højere grad i
ideologiske siloer,
ideologiske siloer,
00:50
consuming different news,
talking only to like-minded others
talking only to like-minded others
9
38240
4136
konsumerer forskellige nyheder,
taler kun med ligesindede
taler kun med ligesindede
00:54
and more and more choosing
to live in different parts of the country.
to live in different parts of the country.
10
42400
3240
og vælger i højere grad at bo i
forskellige dele af landet.
forskellige dele af landet.
00:58
And I think that
most alarming of all of it
most alarming of all of it
11
46720
3216
Og jeg tror,
at det mest alarmerende af det hele
at det mest alarmerende af det hele
01:01
is seeing this rising
animosity on both sides.
animosity on both sides.
12
49960
3800
er, at se denne stigning af fjendskab
på begge sider.
på begge sider.
01:06
Liberals and conservatives,
13
54440
1656
Liberale og konservative,
01:08
Democrats and Republicans,
14
56120
1896
demokrater og republikanere,
01:10
more and more they just
don't like one another.
don't like one another.
15
58040
3120
de kan i højere grad
bare ikke lide hinanden.
bare ikke lide hinanden.
01:14
You see it in many different ways.
16
62320
2016
Det ses på mange forskellige måder.
01:16
They don't want to befriend one another.
They don't want to date one another.
They don't want to date one another.
17
64360
3656
De undgår venskaber og
arrangementer med hinanden.
arrangementer med hinanden.
Sker det alligevel, finde de
hinanden mindre tiltrækkende,
hinanden mindre tiltrækkende,
01:20
If they do, if they find out,
they find each other less attractive,
they find each other less attractive,
18
68040
3296
01:23
and they more and more don't want
their children to marry someone
their children to marry someone
19
71360
3096
og de vil i mindre grad have
at deres børn gifter sig med nogen,
at deres børn gifter sig med nogen,
01:26
who supports the other party,
20
74480
1696
som støtter det andet parti,
01:28
a particularly shocking statistic.
21
76200
1760
en særligt chokerende statistik.
01:31
You know, in my lab,
the students that I work with,
the students that I work with,
22
79640
2816
jeg og de studerende, jeg arbejder med
01:34
we're talking about
some sort of social pattern --
some sort of social pattern --
23
82480
3456
taler om et socialt mønster --
01:37
I'm a movie buff, and so I'm often like,
24
85960
3536
Jeg er en filmnørd, og jeg tænker ofte,
01:41
what kind of movie are we in here
with this pattern?
with this pattern?
25
89520
2960
hvad for en film er vi i dette mønster?
01:45
So what kind of movie are we in
with political polarization?
with political polarization?
26
93080
3280
Hvilken film er vi i denne
politiske polarisering?
politiske polarisering?
01:49
Well, it could be a disaster movie.
27
97080
2720
Det kunne være en katastrofefilm.
01:52
It certainly seems like a disaster.
28
100880
1680
Det virker som en katastrofe.
01:54
Could be a war movie.
29
102920
2000
Det kunne være en krigsfilm.
01:57
Also fits.
30
105640
1200
Det passer også.
01:59
But what I keep thinking is that
we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
31
107480
3816
Men jeg tænker at vi er i
en zombie-apokalypse-film.
en zombie-apokalypse-film.
02:03
(Laughter)
32
111320
1456
(Latter)
02:04
Right? You know the kind.
33
112800
2296
I kender dem...
02:07
There's people wandering around in packs,
34
115120
2416
Der er folk der bevæger sig
rundt i flokke,
rundt i flokke,
02:09
not thinking for themselves,
35
117560
1776
tænker ikke selvstændigt,
02:11
seized by this mob mentality
36
119360
1616
er grebet af denne flokmentalitet,
02:13
trying to spread their disease
and destroy society.
and destroy society.
37
121000
3240
prøver at sprede sygdommen
og ødelægge samfundet.
og ødelægge samfundet.
02:17
And you probably think, as I do,
38
125480
2336
Og du tænker sikkert, som jeg gør,
02:19
that you're the good guy
in the zombie apocalypse movie,
in the zombie apocalypse movie,
39
127840
3456
at du er den gode
i denne zombie-apokalypse-film,
i denne zombie-apokalypse-film,
02:23
and all this hate and polarization,
it's being propagated by the other people,
it's being propagated by the other people,
40
131320
3696
og alt det her had og polarisering
skyldes andre mennesker,
skyldes andre mennesker,
02:27
because we're Brad Pitt, right?
41
135040
1880
for vi er Brad Pitt, ikke?
02:29
Free-thinking, righteous,
42
137760
2896
Fritænkende, retfærdige,
02:32
just trying to hold on
to what we hold dear,
to what we hold dear,
43
140680
2296
prøver bare at holde fast i det,
vi har kært,
vi har kært,
02:35
you know, not foot soldiers
in the army of the undead.
in the army of the undead.
44
143000
3576
ikke soldater i zombie-hæren.
02:38
Not that.
45
146600
1456
Ikke det.
02:40
Never that.
46
148080
1200
Aldrig det.
02:42
But here's the thing:
47
150080
1496
Men her er pointen:
02:43
what movie do you suppose
they think they're in?
they think they're in?
48
151600
2720
hvilken film tror I,
at de tænker, de er med i?
at de tænker, de er med i?
02:47
Right?
49
155480
1216
Ikke sandt?
02:48
Well, they absolutely think
that they're the good guys
that they're the good guys
50
156720
2536
De mener helt sikkert,
at de er heltene
at de er heltene
02:51
in the zombie apocalypse movie. Right?
51
159280
1856
i zombie-apokalypse-filmen. Ikke sandt?
02:53
And you'd better believe
that they think that they're Brad Pitt
that they think that they're Brad Pitt
52
161160
2976
at de er Brad Pitt,
02:56
and that we, we are the zombies.
53
164160
2120
og vi er zombierne.
03:01
And who's to say that they're wrong?
54
169120
2360
Og hvordan ved vi,
at de tager fejl?
at de tager fejl?
03:04
I think that the truth is
that we're all a part of this.
that we're all a part of this.
55
172440
3120
Jeg tror vi alle har en andel i det her.
03:08
And the good side of that
is that we can be a part of the solution.
is that we can be a part of the solution.
56
176240
3160
Og det gode er at vi kan
være en del af løsningen.
være en del af løsningen.
03:12
So what are we going to do?
57
180280
2000
Så hvad skal vi gøre?
03:15
What can we do to chip away
at polarization in everyday life?
at polarization in everyday life?
58
183320
4256
Hvad kan vi gøre for at mindske
polarisering i hverdagen?
polarisering i hverdagen?
03:19
What could we do to connect with
and communicate with
and communicate with
59
187600
3816
Hvordan kontakter vi og
kommunikerer med
kommunikerer med
03:23
our political counterparts?
60
191440
1720
vores politiske modparter?
03:25
Well, these were exactly the questions
that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
61
193720
4136
Min kollega Matt Feinberg og jeg,
03:29
became fascinated with a few years ago,
62
197880
1858
blev fascineret af
netop de spørgsmål
netop de spørgsmål
03:31
and we started
doing research on this topic.
doing research on this topic.
63
199762
2200
og vi begyndte at undersøge emnet.
03:34
And one of the first things
that we discovered
that we discovered
64
202920
2976
Og en af de første ting, vi opdagede,
03:37
that I think is really helpful
for understanding polarization
for understanding polarization
65
205920
3456
som kan kaste lys over polarisering,
03:41
is to understand
66
209400
1216
er, at forstå
03:42
that the political divide in our country
is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
67
210640
4416
at basis for det politiske skel
findes i et dybere moralsk skel.
findes i et dybere moralsk skel.
03:47
So one of the most robust findings
in the history of political psychology
in the history of political psychology
68
215080
4776
Et af de mest markante fund
i den politiske psykologi-historie,
i den politiske psykologi-historie,
03:51
is this pattern identified
by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
69
219880
3696
er identificeret
af psykologerne
af psykologerne
03:55
psychologists,
70
223600
1216
Jon Haidt og
Jesse Graham.
Jesse Graham.
03:56
that liberals and conservatives
tend to endorse different values
tend to endorse different values
71
224840
4016
Liberale og konservative
04:00
to different degrees.
72
228880
1200
har forskellige værdier
04:02
So for example, we find that liberals
tend to endorse values like equality
tend to endorse values like equality
73
230600
5496
For eksempel ser vi, at liberale
ofte har værdier som lighed
ofte har værdier som lighed
04:08
and fairness and care
and protection from harm
and protection from harm
74
236120
3656
og retfærdighed og omsorg
og beskyttelse
og beskyttelse
04:11
more than conservatives do.
75
239800
2136
i højere grad end konservative.
04:13
And conservatives tend to endorse
values like loyalty, patriotism,
values like loyalty, patriotism,
76
241960
5256
Og for konservative er det oftest
loyalitet og patriotisme,
loyalitet og patriotisme,
04:19
respect for authority and moral purity
77
247240
3456
respekt for autoritet og moralsk renhed
04:22
more than liberals do.
78
250720
2080
i højere grad end liberale.
Og Matt og jeg tænkte, at dette
moralske skel måske
moralske skel måske
04:25
And Matt and I were thinking
that maybe this moral divide
that maybe this moral divide
79
253920
4056
kan vise hvordan
04:30
might be helpful
for understanding how it is
for understanding how it is
80
258000
3096
04:33
that liberals and conservatives
talk to one another
talk to one another
81
261120
2416
liberale og konservative
taler med hinanden
taler med hinanden
og hvorfor de
misforstår hinanden
misforstår hinanden
04:35
and why they so often
seem to talk past one another
seem to talk past one another
82
263560
2416
04:38
when they do.
83
266000
1216
når de taler.
04:39
So we conducted a study
84
267240
1976
Så vi lavede en undersøgelse
04:41
where we recruited liberals to a study
85
269240
3096
hvor vi rekrutterede liberale
04:44
where they were supposed
to write a persuasive essay
to write a persuasive essay
86
272360
2456
til at skrive en tekst
04:46
that would be compelling to a conservative
in support of same-sex marriage.
in support of same-sex marriage.
87
274840
4440
som skulle overbevise en konservativ
om at bifalde homovielse.
om at bifalde homovielse.
04:51
And what we found was that liberals
tended to make arguments
tended to make arguments
88
279800
3256
Resultatet viste at liberale havde tendens
til at argumentere
til at argumentere
04:55
in terms of the liberal moral values
of equality and fairness.
of equality and fairness.
89
283080
4176
med liberale moralske værdier
som lighed og retfærdighed.
som lighed og retfærdighed.
04:59
So they said things like,
90
287280
1736
Så de skrev ting som,
05:01
"Everyone should have the right
to love whoever they choose,"
to love whoever they choose,"
91
289040
3376
"Alle skal have ret til at elske,
hvem de har lyst,"
hvem de har lyst,"
05:04
and, "They" -- they being gay Americans --
92
292440
2576
og "De" -- de Amerikanske homoseksuelle --
05:07
"deserve the same equal rights
as other Americans."
as other Americans."
93
295040
2760
"fortjener de samme rettigheder,
som andre amerikanere."
som andre amerikanere."
05:10
Overall, we found
that 69 percent of liberals
that 69 percent of liberals
94
298360
3216
69 % af de liberale
05:13
invoked one of the more liberal
moral values in constructing their essay,
moral values in constructing their essay,
95
301600
5416
brugte mindst een af de mere liberale
moralværdier i deres tekst,
moralværdier i deres tekst,
05:19
and only nine percent invoked
one of the more conservative moral values,
one of the more conservative moral values,
96
307040
3696
og kun 9% af de mere
konservative moralske værdier,
konservative moralske værdier,
05:22
even though they were supposed
to be trying to persuade conservatives.
to be trying to persuade conservatives.
97
310760
3416
selvom det var meningen de
skulle overtale en konservativ.
skulle overtale en konservativ.
05:26
And when we studied conservatives
and had them make persuasive arguments
and had them make persuasive arguments
98
314200
4296
Og i studiet af de konservatives
overtalelsesevner
overtalelsesevner
05:30
in support of making English
the official language of the US,
the official language of the US,
99
318520
2896
for at gøre engelsk til det officielle
sprog i USA,
sprog i USA,
05:33
a classically conservative
political position,
political position,
100
321440
2536
- en klassisk konservativ
overbevisning -
overbevisning -
05:36
we found that they weren't
much better at this.
much better at this.
101
324000
2216
viste det sig at de
ikke var meget bedre.
ikke var meget bedre.
05:38
59 percent of them made arguments
102
326240
1616
59 % af dem fremlagde argumenter
05:39
in terms of one of the more
conservative moral values,
conservative moral values,
103
327880
2696
fra mere konservative moralske værdier,
05:42
and just eight percent
invoked a liberal moral value,
invoked a liberal moral value,
104
330600
2496
og kun 8% benyttede en
liberalt værdisæt
liberalt værdisæt
05:45
even though they were supposed
to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
105
333120
3360
på trods af at de skulle overbevise
en liberal målgruppe.
en liberal målgruppe.
05:49
Now, you can see right away
why we're in trouble here. Right?
why we're in trouble here. Right?
106
337480
4040
Så, du kan godt se vi har et problem
her, ikke?
her, ikke?
05:54
People's moral values,
they're their most deeply held beliefs.
they're their most deeply held beliefs.
107
342280
3496
Folks moralske værdier, er deres
mest faste overbevisninger.
mest faste overbevisninger.
05:57
People are willing
to fight and die for their values.
to fight and die for their values.
108
345800
3400
Folk er villige til at kæmpe og dø
for deres værdier.
for deres værdier.
06:01
Why are they going to give that up
just to agree with you
just to agree with you
109
349720
2696
Hvorfor opgive det, bare
for at blive enige med dig
for at blive enige med dig
om noget de ikke egentlig ikke
ønsker at være enig med dig i?
ønsker at være enig med dig i?
06:04
on something that they don't particularly
want to agree with you on anyway?
want to agree with you on anyway?
110
352440
3536
06:08
If that persuasive appeal that
you're making to your Republican uncle
you're making to your Republican uncle
111
356000
3256
Hvis appellen til din republikanske onkel
ikke bare skal ændre hans holdning
06:11
means that he doesn't
just have to change his view,
just have to change his view,
112
359280
2416
men også hans grundlæggende værdier
06:13
he's got to change
his underlying values, too,
his underlying values, too,
113
361720
2166
06:15
that's not going to go very far.
114
363910
1560
kommer du ikke særlig langt.
06:18
So what would work better?
115
366080
1320
Så hvad ville virke bedre?
06:20
Well, we believe it's a technique
that we call moral reframing,
that we call moral reframing,
116
368200
4296
Altså, vi tror på en teknik vi kalder
moralsk reframing
moralsk reframing
06:24
and we've studied it
in a series of experiments.
in a series of experiments.
117
372520
2616
og vi har undersøgt det i en
række eksperimenter.
række eksperimenter.
06:27
In one of these experiments,
118
375160
1496
I et af de her eksperimenter
06:28
we recruited liberals
and conservatives to a study
and conservatives to a study
119
376680
3136
rekrutterede vi liberale og konservative
til en undersøgelse
til en undersøgelse
06:31
where they read one of three essays
120
379840
2296
hvor de skulle læse en af tre tekster
06:34
before having their environmental
attitudes surveyed.
attitudes surveyed.
121
382160
3040
før en undersøgelse af deres
holdning til miljø.
holdning til miljø.
06:37
And the first of these essays
122
385640
1496
Og den første tekst
06:39
was a relatively conventional
pro-environmental essay
pro-environmental essay
123
387160
3376
var relativt konventionel
og pro-miljø
og pro-miljø
06:42
that invoked the liberal values
of care and protection from harm.
of care and protection from harm.
124
390560
4016
der brugte liberale værdier som
omsorg og beskyttelse.
omsorg og beskyttelse.
06:46
It said things like,
"In many important ways
"In many important ways
125
394600
2536
Der stod ting som,
"Vi gør, på mange måder, stor skade
"Vi gør, på mange måder, stor skade
06:49
we are causing real harm
to the places we live in,"
to the places we live in,"
126
397160
2816
på de steder vi lever,"
06:52
and, "It is essential
that we take steps now
that we take steps now
127
400000
2816
og, "Det er essentielt at vi
handler nu
handler nu
06:54
to prevent further destruction
from being done to our Earth."
from being done to our Earth."
128
402840
2920
for at forbygge fremtidig ødelæggelse
af vores planet."
af vores planet."
06:59
Another group of participants
129
407120
1416
En anden gruppe deltagere
07:00
were assigned to read
a really different essay
a really different essay
130
408560
2216
fik tildelt en meget anderledes tekst
07:02
that was designed to tap into
the conservative value of moral purity.
the conservative value of moral purity.
131
410800
4440
som var designet til at tappe ind i
den konservative værdi om moralsk renhed.
den konservative værdi om moralsk renhed.
07:08
It was a pro-environmental essay as well,
132
416190
1986
Det var også en pro-miljø tekst,
07:10
and it said things like,
133
418200
1496
hvor der stod ting som,
07:11
"Keeping our forests, drinking water,
and skies pure is of vital importance."
and skies pure is of vital importance."
134
419720
4240
"At holde vores skove, drikkevand og
luft ren er af afgørende betydning."
luft ren er af afgørende betydning."
07:17
"We should regard the pollution
135
425000
1496
"Vi burde betragte forureningen
07:18
of the places we live in
to be disgusting."
to be disgusting."
136
426520
2040
af de steder vi bor, som ulækker."
07:21
And, "Reducing pollution
can help us preserve
can help us preserve
137
429160
2096
Og "Reduceringen af forurening kan
hjælpe os med at bevare
hjælpe os med at bevare
07:23
what is pure and beautiful
about the places we live."
about the places we live."
138
431280
3160
det smukke og renheden i
de steder vi bor."
de steder vi bor."
07:27
And then we had a third group
139
435880
1416
Den 3. gruppe
07:29
that were assigned
to read just a nonpolitical essay.
to read just a nonpolitical essay.
140
437320
2496
skulle læse en ikke-politisk tekst.
07:31
It was just a comparison group
so we could get a baseline.
so we could get a baseline.
141
439840
2736
En baseline-gruppe
der skulle give et udgangspunkt.
der skulle give et udgangspunkt.
Da vi testede folks holdninger
07:34
And what we found when we surveyed people
142
442600
1953
efter læsning
af teksterne
af teksterne
07:36
about their environmental
attitudes afterwards,
attitudes afterwards,
143
444577
2199
gik de liberale meget
op i miljø,
op i miljø,
07:38
we found that liberals,
it didn't matter what essay they read.
it didn't matter what essay they read.
144
446800
2936
uanset hvad de havde læst.
07:41
They tended to have highly
pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
145
449760
3096
Liberale går virkelig ind
for miljøbeskyttelse.
for miljøbeskyttelse.
07:44
Liberals are on board
for environmental protection.
for environmental protection.
146
452880
2416
07:47
Conservatives, however,
147
455320
1216
Konservative derimod,
07:48
were significantly more supportive
of progressive environmental policies
of progressive environmental policies
148
456560
4416
støttede i langt højere grad en
progressiv miljøpolitik
progressiv miljøpolitik
07:53
and environmental protection
149
461000
1536
hvis de læste teksten
07:54
if they had read the moral purity essay
150
462560
2056
der agiterede med moralsk renhed,
07:56
than if they read
one of the other two essays.
one of the other two essays.
151
464640
2400
end hvis de læste en
af de to andre tekster
af de to andre tekster
08:00
We even found that conservatives
who read the moral purity essay
who read the moral purity essay
152
468160
3096
Vi fandt oven i købet,
at disse konservative
at disse konservative
08:03
were significantly more likely to say
that they believed in global warming
that they believed in global warming
153
471280
3496
var mere tilbøjelige til at
tro på global opvarmning
tro på global opvarmning
og bekymre sig om det
08:06
and were concerned about global warming,
154
474800
1905
selvom teksten slet ikke omtalte
global opvarming.
global opvarming.
08:08
even though this essay
didn't even mention global warming.
didn't even mention global warming.
155
476729
2727
08:11
That's just a related environmental issue.
156
479480
2456
Det er bare relateret til miljøproblemer.
08:13
But that's how robust
this moral reframing effect was.
this moral reframing effect was.
157
481960
3080
Men så robust var
den morale reframing.
den morale reframing.
08:17
And we've studied this on a whole slew
of different political issues.
of different political issues.
158
485960
3736
Og vi har undersøgt dette på en række
forskellige politiske emner.
forskellige politiske emner.
08:21
So if you want to move conservatives
159
489720
3736
Så hvis du vil bevæge konservative
08:25
on issues like same-sex marriage
or national health insurance,
or national health insurance,
160
493480
3096
på emner som homovielse eller
national sygeforsikring,
national sygeforsikring,
08:28
it helps to tie these liberal
political issues to conservative values
political issues to conservative values
161
496600
3456
hjælper det at binde liberale politiske
emner til konservative værdier
emner til konservative værdier
08:32
like patriotism and moral purity.
162
500080
2800
som patriotisme og moralsk renhed.
08:35
And we studied it the other way, too.
163
503800
2096
Vi har også undersøgt det modsatte
08:37
If you want to move liberals
to the right on conservative policy issues
to the right on conservative policy issues
164
505920
3816
Hvis du vil flytte liberale til højre på
de konservative politiske emner
de konservative politiske emner
08:41
like military spending and making English
the official language of the US,
the official language of the US,
165
509760
4616
som militærudgifter og engelsk
som officielt sprog i USA,
som officielt sprog i USA,
08:46
you're going to be more persuasive
166
514400
1656
vil du være mere overbevisende
08:48
if you tie those conservative
policy issues to liberal moral values
policy issues to liberal moral values
167
516080
3336
hvis du binder konservative politikker til
liberale moralske værdier
liberale moralske værdier
08:51
like equality and fairness.
168
519440
1880
som lighed og retfærdighed.
08:54
All these studies
have the same clear message:
have the same clear message:
169
522640
2856
Alle disse undersøgelser har samme
klare besked:
klare besked:
08:57
if you want to persuade
someone on some policy,
someone on some policy,
170
525520
2936
Hvis du vil overbevise nogen,
09:00
it's helpful to connect that policy
to their underlying moral values.
to their underlying moral values.
171
528480
3840
hjælper det at binde det op på
deres moralske værdier.
deres moralske værdier.
09:05
And when you say it like that
172
533520
2176
Og når du siger det sådan
09:07
it seems really obvious. Right?
173
535720
1496
virker det ret åbenlyst. Ikke?
09:09
Like, why did we come here tonight?
174
537240
1776
Som f.eks. hvorfor vi her i aften?
09:11
Why --
175
539040
1216
Hvorfor --
09:12
(Laughter)
176
540280
1536
(Latter)
09:13
It's incredibly intuitive.
177
541840
2040
Det er utroligt intuitivt.
09:17
And even though it is,
it's something we really struggle to do.
it's something we really struggle to do.
178
545400
3296
Og alligevel er det
utroligt svært at gøre.
utroligt svært at gøre.
09:20
You know, it turns out that when we go
to persuade somebody on a political issue,
to persuade somebody on a political issue,
179
548720
3856
Når vi forsøger at overbevise
nogen om en politisk holdning,
nogen om en politisk holdning,
09:24
we talk like we're speaking into a mirror.
180
552600
2736
taler vi, som om vi taler til et spejl.
09:27
We don't persuade so much
as we rehearse our own reasons
as we rehearse our own reasons
181
555360
4376
Vi overtaler ikke så meget, som vi
udøver vores egne årsager
udøver vores egne årsager
09:31
for why we believe
some sort of political position.
some sort of political position.
182
559760
2880
til hvorfor vi tror på en slags
politisk overbevisning.
politisk overbevisning.
09:35
We kept saying when we were designing
these reframed moral arguments,
these reframed moral arguments,
183
563400
4416
Mens vi designede vores
"reframed" argumenter, sagde vi
"reframed" argumenter, sagde vi
09:39
"Empathy and respect,
empathy and respect."
empathy and respect."
184
567840
2640
"Empati og respekt,
empati og respekt."
empati og respekt."
09:43
If you can tap into that,
185
571040
1456
Og hvis du kan gøre det,
09:44
you can connect
186
572520
1656
kan du få kontakt
09:46
and you might be able to persuade
somebody in this country.
somebody in this country.
187
574200
2800
og du kan måske overbevise
nogen i dette land.
nogen i dette land.
09:49
So thinking again
188
577560
2416
Så hvis vi igen tænker på
09:52
about what movie we're in,
189
580000
2280
hvilken film vi er i,
09:55
maybe I got carried away before.
190
583200
1576
måske blev jeg revet med før.
09:56
Maybe it's not a zombie apocalypse movie.
191
584800
1960
Måske er det ikke en zombie film.
09:59
Maybe instead it's a buddy cop movie.
192
587520
1920
Måske er det en
betjent-makkerpar film.
betjent-makkerpar film.
10:02
(Laughter)
193
590040
2016
(Latter)
10:04
Just roll with it, just go with it please.
194
592080
2016
Prøv nu bare at gå med på den...
10:06
(Laughter)
195
594120
1440
(Latter)
10:08
You know the kind:
there's a white cop and a black cop,
there's a white cop and a black cop,
196
596480
2696
Du ved hvilken slags:
En hvid betjent og en sort betjent,
En hvid betjent og en sort betjent,
10:11
or maybe a messy cop and an organized cop.
197
599200
2136
eller måske en rodet betjent og en
organiseret betjent.
organiseret betjent.
10:13
Whatever it is, they don't get along
198
601360
2056
Hvad end det er, så kan de ikke sammen
10:15
because of this difference.
199
603440
1286
fordi de er forskellige.
10:17
But in the end, when they have
to come together and they cooperate,
to come together and they cooperate,
200
605520
3216
Men til slut, når de lærer at
samarbejde,
samarbejde,
10:20
the solidarity that they feel,
201
608760
1936
føler de en solidaritet,
10:22
it's greater because of that gulf
that they had to cross. Right?
that they had to cross. Right?
202
610720
3640
som er større på grund af den
afgrund de krydsede. Ikke?
afgrund de krydsede. Ikke?
10:27
And remember that in these movies,
203
615280
1976
Og husk at i de film,
10:29
it's usually worst in the second act
204
617280
2896
er det oftest værst i anden akt
10:32
when our leads are further apart
than ever before.
than ever before.
205
620200
2400
når vores to hovedpersoner
er længst væk fra hinanden.
er længst væk fra hinanden.
10:35
And so maybe that's
where we are in this country,
where we are in this country,
206
623440
2336
Det er måske der vi er
lige nu her i landet,
lige nu her i landet,
10:37
late in the second act
of a buddy cop movie --
of a buddy cop movie --
207
625800
2176
sent i anden akt af en
betjent-makkerpar film --
betjent-makkerpar film --
10:40
(Laughter)
208
628000
2576
(Latter)
10:42
torn apart but about
to come back together.
to come back together.
209
630600
3080
langt fra hinanden, men ved at
finde sammen igen.
finde sammen igen.
10:47
It sounds good,
210
635400
1656
Det lyder godt,
10:49
but if we want it to happen,
211
637080
1856
men hvis det skal ske,
10:50
I think the responsibility
is going to start with us.
is going to start with us.
212
638960
2720
tror jeg at ansvaret starter med os.
10:54
So this is my call to you:
213
642520
2160
Så min opfordring til Jer er:
10:57
let's put this country back together.
214
645480
2000
Lad os samle dette land igen.
11:01
Let's do it despite the politicians
215
649080
3056
Lad os gøre det på
trods af politikerne
trods af politikerne
11:04
and the media and Facebook and Twitter
216
652160
2856
og medierne, Facebook og Twitter
11:07
and Congressional redistricting
217
655040
1536
og kongres gerrymandering
11:08
and all of it,
all the things that divide us.
all the things that divide us.
218
656600
2720
og alt det der skiller os.
11:12
Let's do it because it's right.
219
660360
2240
Lad os gøre det, fordi det er rigtigt.
11:15
And let's do it
because this hate and contempt
because this hate and contempt
220
663920
4416
Og lad os gøre det fordi
dette had og den foragt,
dette had og den foragt,
11:20
that flows through all of us every day
221
668360
2160
der flyder gennem os hver dag,
11:23
makes us ugly and it corrupts us,
222
671400
3176
er grim og korrumperende
11:26
and it threatens
the very fabric of our society.
the very fabric of our society.
223
674600
3320
og truer samfundets grundpiller.
11:31
We owe it to one another and our country
224
679960
2656
Vi skylder det til hinanden og vores land
11:34
to reach out and try to connect.
225
682640
2160
at række ud og prøve at skabe kontakt.
11:38
We can't afford to hate them any longer,
226
686000
3160
Vi har ikke råd til at hade dem længere,
11:42
and we can't afford
to let them hate us either.
to let them hate us either.
227
690200
2200
og vi har ikke råd til at
lade dem hade os.
lade dem hade os.
11:45
Empathy and respect.
228
693880
1360
Empati og respekt.
11:47
Empathy and respect.
229
695880
1240
Empati og respekt.
11:49
If you think about it, it's the very least
that we owe our fellow citizens.
that we owe our fellow citizens.
230
697920
3800
Det er det mindste vi kan
byde vores medborgere.
byde vores medborgere.
11:54
Thank you.
231
702400
1216
Tak.
11:55
(Applause)
232
703640
4685
(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robb Willer - Social psychologistRobb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Why you should listen
Robb Willer is a professor of sociology, psychology and organizational behavior at Stanford University. He studies the role of morality in politics. His research shows how moral values, typically a source of ideological division, can also be used to bring people together. His political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Willer has won numerous awards for his teaching and research, including the Golden Apple Teaching Award, the only award given by UC-Berkeley’s student body. Willer's class, "Self and Society," was the highest enrollment class at UC-Berkeley. His consulting clients have included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, the Last Resort Exoneration Project and the Department of Justice.
Willer's writing has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post, including his op-eds "The Secret to Political Persuasion" and "Is the Environment a Moral Cause?"
Willer received a Ph.D from Cornell University and a BA from the University of Iowa. Before becoming a professor, he worked as a dishwasher, construction worker, mover, line cook and union organizer.
Robb Willer | Speaker | TED.com