Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations
롭 윌러: 보다 나은 정치적인 대화를 나누는 방법
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio
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as most people do,
is getting worse in our country,
더 심각해지고 있다고 느끼실 겁니다.
between the left and the right
in really any of our lifetimes.
나빴던 적이 없었다고요.
if research backs up your intuition.
타당한 연구가 있는지도 궁금하실 겁니다.
the answer is sadly yes.
슬프지만 존재합니다.
진보주의자와 보수주의자가
have grown further apart.
사실을 발견했습니다.
in these ideological silos,
사상적인 공간 안에 가두고,
talking only to like-minded others
가진 사람들하고만 이야기를 나누며,
to live in different parts of the country.
다른 지역에 살고 싶어합니다.
most alarming of all of it
위험하다고 생각하는 것은
animosity on both sides.
커져만간다는 것입니다.
don't like one another.
서로를 싫어하기만 합니다.
찾아볼 수 있습니다.
They don't want to date one another.
상대방과 연애를 하고 싶어하지도 않죠.
they find each other less attractive,
서로에 대한 매력이 떨어지고,
their children to marry someone
만나는 걸 원치 않습니다.
the students that I work with,
some sort of social pattern --
이야기하곤 합니다.
이러한 패턴이 있었던 영화는
with this pattern?
with political polarization?
영화에는 어떤 것이 있을까요?
we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
좀비가 나오는 재난 영화입니다.
여러분도 아시죠?
사로잡힌 사람들이
and destroy society.
우리가 좀비 재난 영화에서
in the zombie apocalypse movie,
it's being propagated by the other people,
다른 사람들로부터 시작되었습니다.
to what we hold dear,
in the army of the undead.
they think they're in?
어떤 영화에 있다고 생각할까요?
that they're the good guys
생각할 겁니다.
that they think that they're Brad Pitt
브래드 피트고
생각하시는게 좋을 겁니다.
말할 수 있을까요?
that we're all a part of this.
그 일부라고 봅니다.
is that we can be a part of the solution.
될 수도 있다는 겁니다.
at polarization in everyday life?
없애기 위해선 뭘 해야 할까요?
and communicate with
반대편에 있는 사람하고
무엇을 해야 할까요?
that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
doing research on this topic.
that we discovered
굉장히 도움이 된다고 생각했던 것을
for understanding polarization
그것은 바로 우리나라의 정치적인 분열이
is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
in the history of political psychology
가장 위대한 발견 중 하나는
by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
tend to endorse different values
tend to endorse values like equality
보수주의자보다
and protection from harm
위험으로부터의 보호를
values like loyalty, patriotism,
that maybe this moral divide
아마도 이러한 도덕적 차이가
for understanding how it is
talk to one another
엇갈리는 이유에 대해
seem to talk past one another
to write a persuasive essay
in support of same-sex marriage.
쓰는 것이었습니다.
tended to make arguments
자신들이 높이 평가하는 도덕적 가치인
of equality and fairness.
주장을 펼쳐나간다는 것을 발견했습니다.
to love whoever they choose,"
사랑할 사람을 선택할 권리가 있어요."
as other Americans."
권리를 보장받아야 합니다."
that 69 percent of liberals
설득하는 글을 쓰는 것임에도 불구하고
moral values in constructing their essay,
더 진보적인 도덕적 가치를 인용했고,
one of the more conservative moral values,
to be trying to persuade conservatives.
and had them make persuasive arguments
설득적인 글쓰기의 주제로
the official language of the US,
영어를 미국의 공식 언어로 지정하는 것을
political position,
much better at this.
conservative moral values,
가치를 이용해 주장을 펼쳤고
invoked a liberal moral value,
도덕적 가치에 해당하는
to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
why we're in trouble here. Right?
무엇인지 간파하셨을 겁니다.
they're their most deeply held beliefs.
가장 강한 신념과도 같습니다.
to fight and die for their values.
싸우기도, 죽기도 하죠.
just to agree with you
구할 필요도 없는 것들을 위해
want to agree with you on anyway?
you're making to your Republican uncle
삼촌을 설득하기 위한 말이
just have to change his view,
his underlying values, too,
that we call moral reframing,
부르는 기법을
in a series of experiments.
and conservatives to a study
attitudes surveyed.
pro-environmental essay
of care and protection from harm.
친환경적인 것이었습니다.
"In many important ways
to the places we live in,"
살고 있는 환경에 엄청난 해악을 끼치고 있다."
that we take steps now
from being done to our Earth."
a really different essay
the conservative value of moral purity.
에세이를 줬습니다.
and skies pure is of vital importance."
깨끗하게 유지하는 것은 굉장히 중요합니다."
to be disgusting."
can help us preserve
우리가 살고 있는 곳을
about the places we live."
보존하는 것을 도와줍니다."
to read just a nonpolitical essay.
so we could get a baseline.
대조군이었습니다.
사람들의 환경 태도에 대해 알게된 것은
attitudes afterwards,
it didn't matter what essay they read.
pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
친환경적인 성향을 더 높게 보였습니다.
for environmental protection.
환경 보존에 신경쓰고 있었죠.
of progressive environmental policies
one of the other two essays.
who read the moral purity essay
글을 읽은 보수주의자들은
that they believed in global warming
지구 온난화에 대해
didn't even mention global warming.
this moral reframing effect was.
of different political issues.
문제에 대해 연구를 해왔습니다.
건강 보험과 같은 사안에 대해
or national health insurance,
political issues to conservative values
보수적 가치인 애국심이나
도움이 됩니다.
to the right on conservative policy issues
미국의 공용어로 지정하는 것과 같은
the official language of the US,
진보주의자들을 설득하려고 하신다면
policy issues to liberal moral values
have the same clear message:
메시지를 담고 있습니다.
someone on some policy,
어떤 정책에 대해 설득하려고 한다면
to their underlying moral values.
연결하는 것이 도움이 된다는 것입니다.
오늘밤 여기 왜 오셨나요?
it's something we really struggle to do.
실천하기는 꽤나 어렵습니다.
to persuade somebody on a political issue,
상대방을 설득하려고 한다고 해도
되는 경우가 많습니다.
as we rehearse our own reasons
정치적인 입장에 대해
some sort of political position.
잘 설득하지 못합니다.
these reframed moral arguments,
만들면서 스스로 계속 말합니다.
empathy and respect."
공감하고 존중하자."
somebody in this country.
설득할 수 있을지도 모릅니다.
아닐지도 모릅니다.
자연스레 넘어 가자고요.
there's a white cop and a black cop,
백인 경찰과 흑인 경찰
to come together and they cooperate,
서로 뭉쳐서 협조하는 순간
that they had to cross. Right?
험난한 바다를 건너 왔으니까요.
than ever before.
where we are in this country,
상황일지도 모르겠네요.
of a buddy cop movie --
to come back together.
조만간 다시 결합할 겁니다.
is going to start with us.
시작해야만 합니다.
all the things that divide us.
because this hate and contempt
부패하게 만들며
병들게 하기 때문에
the very fabric of our society.
to let them hate us either.
놔둬서는안 됩니다.
that we owe our fellow citizens.
최소한의 의무라고 생각하실 겁니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robb Willer - Social psychologistRobb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Why you should listen
Robb Willer is a professor of sociology, psychology and organizational behavior at Stanford University. He studies the role of morality in politics. His research shows how moral values, typically a source of ideological division, can also be used to bring people together. His political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Willer has won numerous awards for his teaching and research, including the Golden Apple Teaching Award, the only award given by UC-Berkeley’s student body. Willer's class, "Self and Society," was the highest enrollment class at UC-Berkeley. His consulting clients have included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, the Last Resort Exoneration Project and the Department of Justice.
Willer's writing has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post, including his op-eds "The Secret to Political Persuasion" and "Is the Environment a Moral Cause?"
Willer received a Ph.D from Cornell University and a BA from the University of Iowa. Before becoming a professor, he worked as a dishwasher, construction worker, mover, line cook and union organizer.
Robb Willer | Speaker | TED.com