TEDxMarin
Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations
Rob Viler (Robb Willer): Kako voditi bolje političke razgovore
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Rob Viler izučava sile koje nas ujedinjuju i razdvajaju. Kao socijalni psiholog, on izučava kako se moralne vrednosti, obično uzrok razdora, takođe mogu upotrebiti da udruže ljude. Viler deli ubedljive uvide o tome kako možemo premostiti ideološku podelu i nudi izvesne intuitivne savete o načinima na koje možemo biti ubedljiviji kada razgovaramo o politici.
Robb Willer - Social psychologist
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So you probably have the sense,
as most people do,
as most people do,
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Verovatno ste stekli utisak,
kao i većina ljudi,
kao i većina ljudi,
da polarizacija postaje sve gora
u našoj zemlji,
u našoj zemlji,
00:15
that polarization
is getting worse in our country,
is getting worse in our country,
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00:19
that the divide
between the left and the right
between the left and the right
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da je podela na levicu i desnicu
00:23
is as bad as it's been
in really any of our lifetimes.
in really any of our lifetimes.
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lošija nego što je bila u bilo koje vreme.
00:26
But you might also reasonably wonder
if research backs up your intuition.
if research backs up your intuition.
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Možda se, takođe, sa razlogom pitate
da li istraživanje
podržava vašu intuiciju.
podržava vašu intuiciju.
00:32
And in a nutshell,
the answer is sadly yes.
the answer is sadly yes.
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Ukratko, odgovor je, nažalost, da.
U istraživanju za istraživanjem,
00:38
In study after study, we find
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otkrivamo da su se liberali
i konzervativci znatno međusobno udaljili.
i konzervativci znatno međusobno udaljili.
00:40
that liberals and conservatives
have grown further apart.
have grown further apart.
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Sve se više ograđuju
u skučene ideološke prostore,
u skučene ideološke prostore,
00:45
They increasingly wall themselves off
in these ideological silos,
in these ideological silos,
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00:50
consuming different news,
talking only to like-minded others
talking only to like-minded others
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konzumirajući različite vesti,
razgovarajući samo sa istomišljenicima,
razgovarajući samo sa istomišljenicima,
00:54
and more and more choosing
to live in different parts of the country.
to live in different parts of the country.
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a sve više njih bira da živi
u različitim delovima zemlje.
u različitim delovima zemlje.
00:58
And I think that
most alarming of all of it
most alarming of all of it
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Smatram da od svega toga
najviše uznemirava kada se vidi
najviše uznemirava kada se vidi
01:01
is seeing this rising
animosity on both sides.
animosity on both sides.
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ova rastuća netrpeljivost na obe strane.
01:06
Liberals and conservatives,
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Liberali i konzervativci,
01:08
Democrats and Republicans,
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demokrate i republikanci
01:10
more and more they just
don't like one another.
don't like one another.
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sve više i više ne vole jedni druge.
01:14
You see it in many different ways.
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Vidite to na više različitih načina.
Ne žele da budu prijatelji jedni drugima.
Ne žele da se zabavljaju jedni sa drugima.
Ne žele da se zabavljaju jedni sa drugima.
01:16
They don't want to befriend one another.
They don't want to date one another.
They don't want to date one another.
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01:20
If they do, if they find out,
they find each other less attractive,
they find each other less attractive,
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Ako se to desi, ako saznaju,
vide jedno drugo kao manje privlačne
vide jedno drugo kao manje privlačne
01:23
and they more and more don't want
their children to marry someone
their children to marry someone
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i sve više ne žele da njihova deca
stupe u brak sa nekim
stupe u brak sa nekim
01:26
who supports the other party,
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ko podržava drugu stranku,
01:28
a particularly shocking statistic.
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što je naročito šokantan podatak.
01:31
You know, in my lab,
the students that I work with,
the students that I work with,
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Znate, u mojoj laboratoriji,
sa studentima sa kojima radim,
sa studentima sa kojima radim,
01:34
we're talking about
some sort of social pattern --
some sort of social pattern --
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kad govorimo o nekoj vrsti
društvenog obrasca -
društvenog obrasca -
01:37
I'm a movie buff, and so I'm often like,
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ja sam zaluđenik za filmove,
pa se često pitam:
pa se često pitam:
01:41
what kind of movie are we in here
with this pattern?
with this pattern?
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„U kakvom smo filmu sa ovim obrascem?“
01:45
So what kind of movie are we in
with political polarization?
with political polarization?
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Dakle, u kakvom smo filmu
sa političkom polarizacijom?
sa političkom polarizacijom?
01:49
Well, it could be a disaster movie.
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Pa, mogao bi biti film o katastrofi.
01:52
It certainly seems like a disaster.
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Svakako se čini kao katastrofa.
Mogao bi biti ratni film.
01:54
Could be a war movie.
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01:57
Also fits.
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Takođe se uklapa.
01:59
But what I keep thinking is that
we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
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No, ja uporno mislim
da smo u filmu apokalipse zombija.
da smo u filmu apokalipse zombija.
02:03
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:04
Right? You know the kind.
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Znate tu vrstu.
02:07
There's people wandering around in packs,
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Tu su ljudi koji tumaraju u grupama,
02:09
not thinking for themselves,
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ne razmišljaju svojom glavom,
02:11
seized by this mob mentality
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obuzeti mentalitetom mase,
02:13
trying to spread their disease
and destroy society.
and destroy society.
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pokušavajući da prošire
svoju bolest i unište društvo.
svoju bolest i unište društvo.
02:17
And you probably think, as I do,
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Verovatno mislite, kao i ja,
02:19
that you're the good guy
in the zombie apocalypse movie,
in the zombie apocalypse movie,
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da ste dobar lik
u filmu o apokalipsi zombija,
u filmu o apokalipsi zombija,
02:23
and all this hate and polarization,
it's being propagated by the other people,
it's being propagated by the other people,
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a svu tu mržnju i polarizaciju
propagiraju drugi ljudi,
propagiraju drugi ljudi,
02:27
because we're Brad Pitt, right?
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jer mi smo Bred Pit, zar ne?
02:29
Free-thinking, righteous,
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Slobodoumni, pravedni,
samo pokušavamo da zadržimo
ono do čega nam je stalo.
ono do čega nam je stalo.
02:32
just trying to hold on
to what we hold dear,
to what we hold dear,
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02:35
you know, not foot soldiers
in the army of the undead.
in the army of the undead.
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Znate, nismo pešaci u vojsci zombija.
02:38
Not that.
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To ne.
02:40
Never that.
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To nikako.
02:42
But here's the thing:
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Međutim, evo u čemu je stvar.
02:43
what movie do you suppose
they think they're in?
they think they're in?
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Šta mislite, u kom filmu oni misle da su?
02:47
Right?
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02:48
Well, they absolutely think
that they're the good guys
that they're the good guys
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Pa, oni potpuno veruju da su dobri likovi
u filmu o apokalipsi zombija, zar ne?
02:51
in the zombie apocalypse movie. Right?
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I bolje bi vam bilo da poverujete
da misle da su Bred Pit,
da misle da su Bred Pit,
02:53
And you'd better believe
that they think that they're Brad Pitt
that they think that they're Brad Pitt
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a da smo mi zombiji.
02:56
and that we, we are the zombies.
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03:01
And who's to say that they're wrong?
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Ko može da kaže da nisu u pravu?
03:04
I think that the truth is
that we're all a part of this.
that we're all a part of this.
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Mislim da je istina da smo svi deo ovoga.
03:08
And the good side of that
is that we can be a part of the solution.
is that we can be a part of the solution.
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Dobra strana toga
je da možemo biti deo rešenja.
je da možemo biti deo rešenja.
03:12
So what are we going to do?
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Pa, šta ćemo da radimo?
Šta možemo da učinimo da narušimo
polarizaciju u svakodnevnom životu?
polarizaciju u svakodnevnom životu?
03:15
What can we do to chip away
at polarization in everyday life?
at polarization in everyday life?
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03:19
What could we do to connect with
and communicate with
and communicate with
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Šta možemo da uradimo
da bismo se povezali i komunicirali
da bismo se povezali i komunicirali
03:23
our political counterparts?
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sa našim političkim suparnicima?
03:25
Well, these were exactly the questions
that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
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Pa, upravo to su pitanja
kojima smo ja i moj kolega, Met Fajnberg,
kojima smo ja i moj kolega, Met Fajnberg,
03:29
became fascinated with a few years ago,
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postali opčinjeni pre nekoliko godina
03:31
and we started
doing research on this topic.
doing research on this topic.
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i počeli smo da sprovodimo
istraživanje na ovu temu.
istraživanje na ovu temu.
03:34
And one of the first things
that we discovered
that we discovered
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Jedna od prvih stvari koju smo otkrili,
03:37
that I think is really helpful
for understanding polarization
for understanding polarization
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za koju mislim da je veoma korisna
za razumevanje polarizacije,
za razumevanje polarizacije,
03:41
is to understand
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je razumeti da političku podelu
u našoj zemlji
u našoj zemlji
03:42
that the political divide in our country
is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
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podupire dublja moralna podela.
03:47
So one of the most robust findings
in the history of political psychology
in the history of political psychology
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Jedan od najsnažnijih nalaza
u istoriji političke psihologije
u istoriji političke psihologije
03:51
is this pattern identified
by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
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je obrazac koji su identifikovali
Džon Hajt i Džesi Grejem, psiholozi,
Džon Hajt i Džesi Grejem, psiholozi,
03:55
psychologists,
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da liberali i konzervativci
obično podržavaju različite vrednosti
obično podržavaju različite vrednosti
03:56
that liberals and conservatives
tend to endorse different values
tend to endorse different values
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04:00
to different degrees.
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u različitoj meri.
04:02
So for example, we find that liberals
tend to endorse values like equality
tend to endorse values like equality
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Na primer, nalazimo da liberali
obično podržavaju vrednosti
obično podržavaju vrednosti
poput jednakosti, pravednosti
i zaštite od nepravdi
i zaštite od nepravdi
04:08
and fairness and care
and protection from harm
and protection from harm
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04:11
more than conservatives do.
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u većoj meri od konzervativaca,
04:13
And conservatives tend to endorse
values like loyalty, patriotism,
values like loyalty, patriotism,
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a konzervativci obično podržavaju
vrednosti poput lojalnosti, patriotizma,
vrednosti poput lojalnosti, patriotizma,
04:19
respect for authority and moral purity
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poštovanja prema autoritetu
i moralne čistote
i moralne čistote
04:22
more than liberals do.
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više nego liberali.
04:25
And Matt and I were thinking
that maybe this moral divide
that maybe this moral divide
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Met i ja smo pomislili
da bi možda ta moralna podela
da bi možda ta moralna podela
04:30
might be helpful
for understanding how it is
for understanding how it is
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mogla biti od pomoći u razumevanju
načina na koji liberali i konzervativci
međusobno razgovaraju
međusobno razgovaraju
04:33
that liberals and conservatives
talk to one another
talk to one another
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04:35
and why they so often
seem to talk past one another
seem to talk past one another
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i zašto se toliko često
mimoilaze u razgovoru.
mimoilaze u razgovoru.
04:38
when they do.
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Stoga smo sproveli istraživanje
04:39
So we conducted a study
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04:41
where we recruited liberals to a study
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u kome smo doveli liberale,
04:44
where they were supposed
to write a persuasive essay
to write a persuasive essay
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gde je trebalo da napišu ubedljiv esej
koji bi bio ubedljiv za konzervativca
u prilog istopolnog braka.
u prilog istopolnog braka.
04:46
that would be compelling to a conservative
in support of same-sex marriage.
in support of same-sex marriage.
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04:51
And what we found was that liberals
tended to make arguments
tended to make arguments
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Otkrili smo da su liberali
bili skloni da iznose argumente
bili skloni da iznose argumente
04:55
in terms of the liberal moral values
of equality and fairness.
of equality and fairness.
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koji se tiču liberalnih moralnih vrednosti
jednakosti i pravednosti.
jednakosti i pravednosti.
04:59
So they said things like,
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Navodili su stvari poput:
05:01
"Everyone should have the right
to love whoever they choose,"
to love whoever they choose,"
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„Svi treba da imaju pravo
da vole koga izaberu“,
da vole koga izaberu“,
05:04
and, "They" -- they being gay Americans --
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i „Oni“ - a „oni“ su gej Amerikanci -
05:07
"deserve the same equal rights
as other Americans."
as other Americans."
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„zaslužuju jednaka prava
kao i drugi Amerikanci.“
kao i drugi Amerikanci.“
05:10
Overall, we found
that 69 percent of liberals
that 69 percent of liberals
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Sve u svemu, pronašli smo
da se 69 procenata liberala
da se 69 procenata liberala
05:13
invoked one of the more liberal
moral values in constructing their essay,
moral values in constructing their essay,
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pri sastavljanju eseja pozivalo na jednu
od liberalnijih moralnih vrednosti,
od liberalnijih moralnih vrednosti,
05:19
and only nine percent invoked
one of the more conservative moral values,
one of the more conservative moral values,
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a samo devet procenata se pozivalo
na jednu od konzervativnijih vrednosti,
na jednu od konzervativnijih vrednosti,
05:22
even though they were supposed
to be trying to persuade conservatives.
to be trying to persuade conservatives.
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iako je trebalo da pokušaju
da ubede konzervativce.
da ubede konzervativce.
05:26
And when we studied conservatives
and had them make persuasive arguments
and had them make persuasive arguments
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A kada smo izučavali konzervativce
i zadali im da iznesu ubedljive argumente
i zadali im da iznesu ubedljive argumente
05:30
in support of making English
the official language of the US,
the official language of the US,
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u prilog proglašavanja engleskog
kao zvaničnog jezika SAD-a,
kao zvaničnog jezika SAD-a,
05:33
a classically conservative
political position,
political position,
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klasično konzervativne političke pozicije,
pronašli smo da nisu mnogo bolji u tome.
05:36
we found that they weren't
much better at this.
much better at this.
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Pedeset devet procenata njih
je iznelo argumente
je iznelo argumente
05:38
59 percent of them made arguments
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05:39
in terms of one of the more
conservative moral values,
conservative moral values,
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koji se tiču jedne od konzervativnijih
moralnih vrednosti,
moralnih vrednosti,
05:42
and just eight percent
invoked a liberal moral value,
invoked a liberal moral value,
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a samo osam posto se pozivalo
na liberalnu moralnu vrednost,
na liberalnu moralnu vrednost,
05:45
even though they were supposed
to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
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iako je trebalo da budu usmereni
na to da budu ubedljivi za liberale.
na to da budu ubedljivi za liberale.
05:49
Now, you can see right away
why we're in trouble here. Right?
why we're in trouble here. Right?
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Odmah možete videti
zašto smo u nevolji, zar ne?
zašto smo u nevolji, zar ne?
05:54
People's moral values,
they're their most deeply held beliefs.
they're their most deeply held beliefs.
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Moralne vrednosti ljudi
su njihova najdublja uverenja.
su njihova najdublja uverenja.
05:57
People are willing
to fight and die for their values.
to fight and die for their values.
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Ljudi su spremni da se bore
i da umru za svoje vrednosti.
i da umru za svoje vrednosti.
06:01
Why are they going to give that up
just to agree with you
just to agree with you
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Zašto bi odustali od toga
samo da bi se složili sa vama
samo da bi se složili sa vama
u vezi sa nečim oko čega baš i ne žele
da se slože sa vama?
da se slože sa vama?
06:04
on something that they don't particularly
want to agree with you on anyway?
want to agree with you on anyway?
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Ako to ubedljivo obraćanje
koje podnosite svom ujaku republikancu
koje podnosite svom ujaku republikancu
06:08
If that persuasive appeal that
you're making to your Republican uncle
you're making to your Republican uncle
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znači da ne samo da treba
da promeni svoje gledište,
da promeni svoje gledište,
06:11
means that he doesn't
just have to change his view,
just have to change his view,
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već da mora i da promeni
svoje osnovne vrednosti,
svoje osnovne vrednosti,
06:13
he's got to change
his underlying values, too,
his underlying values, too,
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to neće daleko odmaći.
06:15
that's not going to go very far.
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06:18
So what would work better?
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Šta bi moglo da bolje deluje?
06:20
Well, we believe it's a technique
that we call moral reframing,
that we call moral reframing,
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Pa, smatramo da je to tehnika
koju nazivamo moralno preokviravanje
koju nazivamo moralno preokviravanje
06:24
and we've studied it
in a series of experiments.
in a series of experiments.
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i izučavali smo je u nizu eksperimenata.
06:27
In one of these experiments,
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U jednom od tih eksperimenata
06:28
we recruited liberals
and conservatives to a study
and conservatives to a study
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sakupili smo liberale
i konzervativce u istraživanju
i konzervativce u istraživanju
06:31
where they read one of three essays
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gde su čitali jedan od tri eseja
06:34
before having their environmental
attitudes surveyed.
attitudes surveyed.
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pre nego što su anketirani
u pogledu stavova prema životnoj sredini.
u pogledu stavova prema životnoj sredini.
06:37
And the first of these essays
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Prvi od tih eseja
06:39
was a relatively conventional
pro-environmental essay
pro-environmental essay
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bio je relativno konvencionalni esej
za zaštitu životne sredine
za zaštitu životne sredine
06:42
that invoked the liberal values
of care and protection from harm.
of care and protection from harm.
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koji je pobuđivao liberalne vrednosti
brige i zaštite od nepravde.
brige i zaštite od nepravde.
06:46
It said things like,
"In many important ways
"In many important ways
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Govorio je stvari poput:
„Na mnogo bitnih načina,
„Na mnogo bitnih načina,
06:49
we are causing real harm
to the places we live in,"
to the places we live in,"
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nanosimo pravu štetu
mestima u kojima živimo“
mestima u kojima živimo“
06:52
and, "It is essential
that we take steps now
that we take steps now
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i „Od ključnog je značaja
da sada preduzmemo korake
da sada preduzmemo korake
06:54
to prevent further destruction
from being done to our Earth."
from being done to our Earth."
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da bismo sprečili
dalje uništavanje naše Zemlje.“
dalje uništavanje naše Zemlje.“
06:59
Another group of participants
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Drugoj grupi učesnika
07:00
were assigned to read
a really different essay
a really different essay
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je zadato da pročitaju
veoma drugačiji esej
veoma drugačiji esej
07:02
that was designed to tap into
the conservative value of moral purity.
the conservative value of moral purity.
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koji je osmišljen tako da zadire
u konzervativnu vrednost moralne čistote.
u konzervativnu vrednost moralne čistote.
To je, takođe, bio esej
u prilog zaštite sredine
u prilog zaštite sredine
07:08
It was a pro-environmental essay as well,
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07:10
and it said things like,
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i navodio je stvari poput:
07:11
"Keeping our forests, drinking water,
and skies pure is of vital importance."
and skies pure is of vital importance."
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„Održavanje naših šuma, pijaće vode
i neba čistim je od presudnog značaja.“
i neba čistim je od presudnog značaja.“
07:17
"We should regard the pollution
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„Zagađivanje mesta na kojima živimo
treba da smatramo odvratnim“,
treba da smatramo odvratnim“,
07:18
of the places we live in
to be disgusting."
to be disgusting."
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kao i: „Smanjenje zagađivanja
nam može pomoći da očuvamo
nam može pomoći da očuvamo
07:21
And, "Reducing pollution
can help us preserve
can help us preserve
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07:23
what is pure and beautiful
about the places we live."
about the places we live."
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ono što je čisto i lepo
u mestima u kojima živimo.“
u mestima u kojima živimo.“
Zatim smo imali treću grupu
07:27
And then we had a third group
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kojoj je dodeljeno da čita
samo esej nevezan za politiku.
samo esej nevezan za politiku.
07:29
that were assigned
to read just a nonpolitical essay.
to read just a nonpolitical essay.
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To je bila samo grupa za poređenje
da bismo dobili osnovni nivo.
da bismo dobili osnovni nivo.
07:31
It was just a comparison group
so we could get a baseline.
so we could get a baseline.
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07:34
And what we found when we surveyed people
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Otkrili smo, kada smo anketirali ljude
u vezi sa njihovim stavovima
prema životnoj sredini nakon toga,
prema životnoj sredini nakon toga,
07:36
about their environmental
attitudes afterwards,
attitudes afterwards,
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07:38
we found that liberals,
it didn't matter what essay they read.
it didn't matter what essay they read.
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da kod liberala nije bilo bitno
koji esej su pročitali.
koji esej su pročitali.
07:41
They tended to have highly
pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
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Bez obzira na to su bili skloni da imaju
izrazite stavove za zaštitu sredine.
izrazite stavove za zaštitu sredine.
07:44
Liberals are on board
for environmental protection.
for environmental protection.
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Liberali podržavaju
zaštitu životne sredine.
zaštitu životne sredine.
07:47
Conservatives, however,
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Konzervativci su, međutim,
07:48
were significantly more supportive
of progressive environmental policies
of progressive environmental policies
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značajno više podržavali
progresivnu ekološku politiku
progresivnu ekološku politiku
07:53
and environmental protection
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i zaštitu životne sredine
07:54
if they had read the moral purity essay
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kada bi pročitali esej o moralnoj čistoti
07:56
than if they read
one of the other two essays.
one of the other two essays.
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nego kada bi pročitali
jedan od druga dva eseja.
jedan od druga dva eseja.
Čak smo pronašli da su konzervativci
koji su pročitali esej o moralnoj čistoti
koji su pročitali esej o moralnoj čistoti
08:00
We even found that conservatives
who read the moral purity essay
who read the moral purity essay
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08:03
were significantly more likely to say
that they believed in global warming
that they believed in global warming
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bili značajno skloniji da kažu
da veruju u globalno zagrevanje
da veruju u globalno zagrevanje
i bili su zabrinuti zbog njega,
08:06
and were concerned about global warming,
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iako ovaj esej nije ni pominjao
globalno zagrevanje.
globalno zagrevanje.
08:08
even though this essay
didn't even mention global warming.
didn't even mention global warming.
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To je samo srodna ekološka tema.
08:11
That's just a related environmental issue.
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08:13
But that's how robust
this moral reframing effect was.
this moral reframing effect was.
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Toliko je bio snažan ovaj efekat
moralnog preokviravanja.
moralnog preokviravanja.
Izučavali smo ovo na mnoštvu
različitih političkih pitanja.
različitih političkih pitanja.
08:17
And we've studied this on a whole slew
of different political issues.
of different political issues.
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08:21
So if you want to move conservatives
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Dakle, ako hoćete
da pokrenete konzervativce
da pokrenete konzervativce
u pogledu pitanja poput istopolnog braka
ili nacionalnog zdravstvenog osiguranja,
ili nacionalnog zdravstvenog osiguranja,
08:25
on issues like same-sex marriage
or national health insurance,
or national health insurance,
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08:28
it helps to tie these liberal
political issues to conservative values
political issues to conservative values
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pomaže ako ta liberalna politička pitanja
vežete za konzervativne vrednosti
vežete za konzervativne vrednosti
08:32
like patriotism and moral purity.
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kao što su patriotizam i moralna čistota.
08:35
And we studied it the other way, too.
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Izučavali smo to i obrnuto.
Ako hoćete da pokrenete liberale na desno,
u vezi sa konzervativnim političkim temama
u vezi sa konzervativnim političkim temama
08:37
If you want to move liberals
to the right on conservative policy issues
to the right on conservative policy issues
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08:41
like military spending and making English
the official language of the US,
the official language of the US,
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kao što su vojni troškovi i proglašenje
engleskog jezika za zvanični jezik SAD-a,
engleskog jezika za zvanični jezik SAD-a,
bićete mnogo ubedljiviji
08:46
you're going to be more persuasive
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ako ta konzervativna politička pitanja
vežete za liberalne moralne vrednosti
vežete za liberalne moralne vrednosti
08:48
if you tie those conservative
policy issues to liberal moral values
policy issues to liberal moral values
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08:51
like equality and fairness.
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kao što su jednakost i pravednost.
08:54
All these studies
have the same clear message:
have the same clear message:
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Sva ova istraživanja
imaju istu jasnu poruku -
imaju istu jasnu poruku -
08:57
if you want to persuade
someone on some policy,
someone on some policy,
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ako želite da ubedite nekoga
u vezi sa određenom politikom,
u vezi sa određenom politikom,
09:00
it's helpful to connect that policy
to their underlying moral values.
to their underlying moral values.
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od pomoći je ako povežete tu politiku
sa njegovim osnovnim moralnim vrednostima.
sa njegovim osnovnim moralnim vrednostima.
09:05
And when you say it like that
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Kada to tako kažete,
deluje vrlo očigledno, zar ne?
09:07
it seems really obvious. Right?
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09:09
Like, why did we come here tonight?
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U fazonu, zašto smo došli ovde večeras?
09:11
Why --
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Zašto -
09:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:13
It's incredibly intuitive.
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Neverovatno je intuitivno.
09:17
And even though it is,
it's something we really struggle to do.
it's something we really struggle to do.
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Iako jeste tako, to je nešto
oko čega se zaista mučimo.
oko čega se zaista mučimo.
09:20
You know, it turns out that when we go
to persuade somebody on a political issue,
to persuade somebody on a political issue,
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Ispostavilo se da kada hoćemo da ubedimo
nekog u vezi sa političkim pitanjem,
nekog u vezi sa političkim pitanjem,
09:24
we talk like we're speaking into a mirror.
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govorimo kao da se obraćamo ogledalu.
09:27
We don't persuade so much
as we rehearse our own reasons
as we rehearse our own reasons
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Ne ubeđujemo toliko
koliko recitujemo sopstvene razloge
koliko recitujemo sopstvene razloge
09:31
for why we believe
some sort of political position.
some sort of political position.
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zašto verujemo u neku političku poziciju.
09:35
We kept saying when we were designing
these reframed moral arguments,
these reframed moral arguments,
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Stalno smo govorili kada smo osmišljavali
ove preokvirene moralne argumente:
ove preokvirene moralne argumente:
09:39
"Empathy and respect,
empathy and respect."
empathy and respect."
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„Empatija i poštovanje,
empatija i poštovanje.“
empatija i poštovanje.“
09:43
If you can tap into that,
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Ako možete da uđete u to,
09:44
you can connect
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možete se povezati
09:46
and you might be able to persuade
somebody in this country.
somebody in this country.
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i možda ćete moći da ubedite
nekoga u ovoj zemlji.
nekoga u ovoj zemlji.
09:49
So thinking again
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Ako ponovo razmislim
09:52
about what movie we're in,
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o tome u kom smo filmu,
09:55
maybe I got carried away before.
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možda sam se prethodno zaneo.
09:56
Maybe it's not a zombie apocalypse movie.
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Možda nije film o apokalipsi zombija.
Možda se radi o filmu
sa pandurima ortacima.
sa pandurima ortacima.
09:59
Maybe instead it's a buddy cop movie.
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10:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:04
Just roll with it, just go with it please.
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Samo prihvatite to, molim vas.
10:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Znate taj tip - imate belog policajca
i policajca koji je crnac,
i policajca koji je crnac,
10:08
You know the kind:
there's a white cop and a black cop,
there's a white cop and a black cop,
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10:11
or maybe a messy cop and an organized cop.
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ili možda pogubljenog
i organizovanog policajca.
i organizovanog policajca.
10:13
Whatever it is, they don't get along
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Šta god da je u pitanju,
ne slažu se zbog te razlike,
ne slažu se zbog te razlike,
10:15
because of this difference.
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10:17
But in the end, when they have
to come together and they cooperate,
to come together and they cooperate,
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ali na kraju, kada moraju
da se udruže i sarađuju,
da se udruže i sarađuju,
10:20
the solidarity that they feel,
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solidarnost koju osećaju
10:22
it's greater because of that gulf
that they had to cross. Right?
that they had to cross. Right?
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je još veća zbog tog jaza
koji su morali da prevaziđu, zar ne?
koji su morali da prevaziđu, zar ne?
10:27
And remember that in these movies,
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Sećate se da je u tim filmovima
10:29
it's usually worst in the second act
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obično najgore u drugom činu
10:32
when our leads are further apart
than ever before.
than ever before.
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kada su naši junaci udaljeniji
nego ikada pre.
nego ikada pre.
Možda je to mesto
na kome se nalazimo u ovoj zemlji,
na kome se nalazimo u ovoj zemlji,
10:35
And so maybe that's
where we are in this country,
where we are in this country,
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u poodmaklom drugom činu
filma sa pandurima ortacima -
filma sa pandurima ortacima -
10:37
late in the second act
of a buddy cop movie --
of a buddy cop movie --
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10:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:42
torn apart but about
to come back together.
to come back together.
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razjedinjenim, ali uskoro
će se ponovo udružiti.
će se ponovo udružiti.
10:47
It sounds good,
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Dobro zvuči,
10:49
but if we want it to happen,
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ali ako hoćemo da se to dogodi,
10:50
I think the responsibility
is going to start with us.
is going to start with us.
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mislim da odgovornost počinje sa nama.
10:54
So this is my call to you:
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Stoga je moj poziv vama
10:57
let's put this country back together.
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da ponovo ujedinimo ovu zemlju.
11:01
Let's do it despite the politicians
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Hajde da to uradimo uprkos političarima,
11:04
and the media and Facebook and Twitter
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medijima, Fejsbuku, Tviteru,
kongresnim izmenama granica okruga
kongresnim izmenama granica okruga
11:07
and Congressional redistricting
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11:08
and all of it,
all the things that divide us.
all the things that divide us.
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i svemu tome, svim stvarima
koje nas razdvajaju.
koje nas razdvajaju.
11:12
Let's do it because it's right.
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Uradimo to jer je ispravno.
11:15
And let's do it
because this hate and contempt
because this hate and contempt
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I uradimo to jer nas ova mržnja i prezir
11:20
that flows through all of us every day
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koji svakodnevno prožimaju sve nas
11:23
makes us ugly and it corrupts us,
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čine groznim i kvare nas,
11:26
and it threatens
the very fabric of our society.
the very fabric of our society.
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a to preti samoj strukturi našeg društva.
11:31
We owe it to one another and our country
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Dugujemo jedni drugima i našoj zemlji
11:34
to reach out and try to connect.
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da pružimo ruku i pokušamo da se povežemo.
11:38
We can't afford to hate them any longer,
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Ne možemo priuštiti da ih više mrzimo,
11:42
and we can't afford
to let them hate us either.
to let them hate us either.
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a ni da im dopustimo da nas mrze.
11:45
Empathy and respect.
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Empatija i poštovanje.
11:47
Empathy and respect.
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Empatija i poštovanje.
11:49
If you think about it, it's the very least
that we owe our fellow citizens.
that we owe our fellow citizens.
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Ako razmislite o tome, to je najmanje
što dugujemo našim sugrađanima.
što dugujemo našim sugrađanima.
Hvala.
11:54
Thank you.
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11:55
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robb Willer - Social psychologistRobb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Why you should listen
Robb Willer is a professor of sociology, psychology and organizational behavior at Stanford University. He studies the role of morality in politics. His research shows how moral values, typically a source of ideological division, can also be used to bring people together. His political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Willer has won numerous awards for his teaching and research, including the Golden Apple Teaching Award, the only award given by UC-Berkeley’s student body. Willer's class, "Self and Society," was the highest enrollment class at UC-Berkeley. His consulting clients have included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, the Last Resort Exoneration Project and the Department of Justice.
Willer's writing has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post, including his op-eds "The Secret to Political Persuasion" and "Is the Environment a Moral Cause?"
Willer received a Ph.D from Cornell University and a BA from the University of Iowa. Before becoming a professor, he worked as a dishwasher, construction worker, mover, line cook and union organizer.
Robb Willer | Speaker | TED.com