TED2002
Dan Dennett: Dangerous memes
Dan Dennett räägib ohtlikest meemidest
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
1,954,033 views
Alustades lihtsa looga sipelgast, päästab filosoof Dan Dennett valla ideede hävitava tulva, luues jõulise raami meemide olemusele: mõisted, mis on otseses mõttes elus.
Dan Dennett - Philosopher, cognitive scientist
Dan Dennett thinks that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes. Full bio
Dan Dennett thinks that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
How many Creationists do we have in the room?
0
0
3000
Kui mitu kreatsionisti on siin ruumis?
00:28
Probably none. I think we're all Darwinians.
1
3000
3000
Tõenäoliselt mitte ühtegi. Ma arvan, et me oleme kõik darvinistid.
00:31
And yet many Darwinians are anxious, a little uneasy --
2
6000
7000
Kuid siiski on mitmed darvinistid natuke rahutud
00:38
would like to see some limits on just how far the Darwinism goes.
3
13000
5000
ja tahaksid näha piiri, kui kaugele darvinism võib minna.
00:43
It's all right.
4
18000
2000
Pole hullu.
00:45
You know spiderwebs? Sure, they are products of evolution.
5
20000
4000
Ämblikuvõrke teate? Muidugi, see on evolutsiooni tulem.
00:49
The World Wide Web? Not so sure.
6
24000
4000
Aga interneti võrk? Pole nii kindel.
00:53
Beaver dams, yes. Hoover Dam, no.
7
28000
2000
Kopra tammid, jah. Hooveri tamm, ei.
00:55
What do they think it is that prevents the products of human ingenuity
8
30000
6000
Mis on nende arvates see, mis takistab inimese leidlikel saavutustel
01:01
from being themselves, fruits of the tree of life,
9
36000
3000
olemast Elu puu viljad
01:04
and hence, in some sense, obeying evolutionary rules?
10
39000
5000
ja mõnes mõttes allumast evolutsiooni reeglitele?
01:10
And yet people are interestingly resistant
11
45000
4000
Siiski on inimesed huvitaval kombel vastu
01:14
to the idea of applying evolutionary thinking to thinking -- to our thinking.
12
49000
7000
ideele, et evolutsiooniline mõtlemine peaks puudutama ka meie mõtlemist.
01:21
And so I'm going to talk a little bit about that,
13
56000
4000
Niisiis ma räägin natuke sellest,
01:25
keeping in mind that we have a lot on the program here.
14
60000
4000
pidades meeles, et meil on veel paljustki rääkida.
01:29
So you're out in the woods, or you're out in the pasture,
15
64000
4000
Niisiis sa oled metsas või hoopis karjamaal
01:33
and you see this ant crawling up this blade of grass.
16
68000
3000
ja sa näed, et mööda rohulible ronib üles sipelgas.
01:36
It climbs up to the top, and it falls,
17
71000
3000
Ta ronib tippu välja ja kukub alla
01:39
and it climbs, and it falls, and it climbs --
18
74000
3000
ja ronib ja kukub ja ronib –
01:42
trying to stay at the very top of the blade of grass.
19
77000
4000
püüdes jääda sinna rohulible tippu.
01:46
What is this ant doing? What is this in aid of?
20
81000
5000
Mida see sipelgas teeb? Mille jaoks ta seda teeb?
01:51
What goals is this ant trying to achieve by climbing this blade of grass?
21
86000
7000
Milliseid eesmärke üritab ta rohuliblele ronides saavutada?
01:58
What's in it for the ant?
22
93000
2000
Mis kasu sipelgas sellest saab?
02:00
And the answer is: nothing. There's nothing in it for the ant.
23
95000
6000
Ja vastus on: mitte midagi. Tal ei saa sellest midagi.
02:06
Well then, why is it doing this?
24
101000
3000
Miks ta siis seda teeb?
02:09
Is it just a fluke?
25
104000
2000
On see kõigest juhus?
02:11
Yeah, it's just a fluke. It's a lancet fluke.
26
106000
7000
Jah, see on juhus. Juhuslikult on see imiuss,
02:18
It's a little brain worm.
27
113000
2000
väike aju-uss.
02:20
It's a parasitic brain worm that has to get into the stomach of a sheep or a cow
28
115000
5000
See parasiitlik aju uss peab pääsema lamba või lehma kõhtu,
02:25
in order to continue its life cycle.
29
120000
3000
et seal paljuneda.
02:28
Salmon swim upstream to get to their spawning grounds,
30
123000
5000
Nagu lõhe ujub ülesvoolu, et jõuda kudemisaladele,
02:33
and lancet flukes commandeer a passing ant,
31
128000
4000
nii võtab imiuss oma valdusse mööduva sipelga,
02:37
crawl into its brain, and drive it up a blade of grass like an all-terrain vehicle.
32
132000
5000
ronib tema ajju ja juhib ta rohulible tippu nagu sõiduki.
02:42
So there's nothing in it for the ant.
33
137000
4000
Seega pole sipelgal sellest vähimatki kasu.
02:46
The ant's brain has been hijacked by a parasite that infects the brain,
34
141000
8000
Sipelga aju on kaaperdatud parasiidi poolt, kes nakatab aju
02:54
inducing suicidal behavior.
35
149000
3000
ja põhjustab enesetapuliku käitumise.
02:58
Pretty scary.
36
153000
2000
Üsna õudne.
03:00
Well, does anything like that happen with human beings?
37
155000
4000
Olgu, kas inimestega ka midagi sellist juhtub?
03:05
This is all on behalf of a cause other than one's own genetic fitness, of course.
38
160000
5000
See kõik on põhjusest, mis pole kellegi geneetilise sobivusega seotud.
03:10
Well, it may already have occurred to you
39
165000
5000
Teile on võibolla juba teada,
03:15
that Islam means "surrender," or "submission of self-interest to the will of Allah."
40
170000
10000
et islam tähendab ”alla andma” või ”omakasu allutamist Allahi tahtele”.
03:25
Well, it's ideas -- not worms -- that hijack our brains.
41
180000
6000
Meie ajusid ei kaaperda mitte ussid, vaid ideed.
03:31
Now, am I saying that a sizable minority of the world's population
42
186000
5000
Nii, kas ma väidan, et üsna suur vähemus maailma rahvastikust
03:36
has had their brain hijacked by parasitic ideas?
43
191000
6000
on lasknud parasiitsetel ideedel oma ajud kaaperdada?
03:43
No, it's worse than that.
44
198000
2000
Ei. Asi on hullem.
03:45
Most people have.
45
200000
4000
Enamus on lasknud.
03:49
(Laughter)
46
204000
2000
(Naer)
03:53
There are a lot of ideas to die for.
47
208000
2000
On palju ideesid, mille nimel surra.
03:55
Freedom, if you're from New Hampshire.
48
210000
3000
Vabadus, kui sa oled pärit New Hampshire’st.
03:58
(Laughter)
49
213000
3000
(Naer)
04:02
Justice. Truth. Communism.
50
217000
4000
Õiglus. Tõde. Kommunism.
04:06
Many people have laid down their lives for communism,
51
221000
3000
Paljud on langenud kommunismi nimel
04:09
and many have laid down their lives for capitalism.
52
224000
3000
ja paljud on langenud kapitalismi nimel.
04:12
And many for Catholicism. And many for Islam.
53
227000
4000
Ja paljud katoliikluse nimel ja paljud islami nimel.
04:16
These are just a few of the ideas that are to die for.
54
231000
5000
On ainult mõned ideed, mille nimel tasub surra.
04:21
They're infectious.
55
236000
2000
Need on nakkavad.
04:24
Yesterday, Amory Lovins spoke about "infectious repititis."
56
239000
4000
Eile pidas Amory Lovins loengu nimega ”Nakkuslik repetiit”.
04:28
It was a term of abuse, in effect.
57
243000
3000
See on ahistamisega seotud mõiste.
04:31
This is unthinking engineering.
58
246000
2000
See on mõtlematu kavandamine.
04:33
Well, most of the cultural spread that goes on
59
248000
4000
Enamik kultuurilisest levikust
04:37
is not brilliant, new, out-of-the-box thinking.
60
252000
4000
ei ole hiilgav, uus ega “väljaspool kasti" mõtlev.
04:41
It's "infectious repetitis,"
61
256000
2000
See on nakkuslik repetiit.
04:43
and we might as well try to have a theory of what's going on when that happens
62
258000
5000
Me võime proovida luua teooria sellest, mis siis toimub, kui see juhtub -
04:48
so that we can understand the conditions of infection.
63
263000
4000
selleks, et saaksime aru nakkuse seisundist.
04:54
Hosts work hard to spread these ideas to others.
64
269000
7000
Nakatunud näevad kõvasti vaeva, et need ideed teistele leviks.
05:01
I myself am a philosopher, and one of our occupational hazards
65
276000
6000
Ma olen ise filosoof ja üks meie kutse riske on,
05:07
is that people ask us what the meaning of life is.
66
282000
4000
et inimesed küsivad meilt mis on elu mõte.
05:11
And you have to have a bumper sticker,
67
286000
3000
Ja sul peab olema oma lööklause,
05:14
you know. You have to have a statement.
68
289000
3000
teate küll, sul peab olema seisukoht.
05:17
So, this is mine.
69
292000
2000
Niisiis, minu oma on selline.
05:19
The secret of happiness is: Find something more important than you are
70
294000
4000
Õnne saladus on: leia midagi tähtsamat kui sa ise
05:23
and dedicate your life to it.
71
298000
2000
ja pühenda oma elu sellele.
05:25
Most of us -- now that the "Me Decade" is well in the past --
72
300000
4000
Enamik meist – nüüd kui ”Mina-kümnendik” on möödas –
05:29
now we actually do this.
73
304000
2000
nüüd me tõesti teemegi seda.
05:31
One set of ideas or another
74
306000
3000
Üks või teine komplekt ideesid
05:34
have simply replaced our biological imperatives in our own lives.
75
309000
4000
on asendanud bioloogilised käsud meie elus.
05:38
This is what our summum bonum is.
76
313000
3000
See on meie ülim hüve.
05:41
It's not maximizing the number of grandchildren we have.
77
316000
3000
See pole lastelaste arvu maksimeerimine.
05:44
Now, this is a profound biological effect.
78
319000
4000
Nii, see on tähendusrikas bioloogiline efekt.
05:48
It's the subordination of genetic interest to other interests.
79
323000
3000
See on geneetilise huvi allumine teistele huvidele.
05:51
And no other species does anything at all like it.
80
326000
4000
Ja mitte ükski teine liik ei tee midagi sarnast.
05:55
Well, how are we going to think about this?
81
330000
2000
Hästi, mida me sellest arvame?
05:57
It is, on the one hand, a biological effect, and a very large one.
82
332000
4000
See on, teisati, väga tugev biologiline efekt.
06:01
Unmistakable.
83
336000
2000
Ilmselt.
06:03
Now, what theories do we want to use to look at this?
84
338000
3000
Mis teooriaid tahame me selle vaatlemiseks kasutada?
06:06
Well, many theories. But how could something tie them together?
85
341000
3000
Noh, paljusid. Aga kuidas miski need kokku seoks?
06:09
The idea of replicating ideas;
86
344000
3000
Idee ideede paljundamisest;
06:12
ideas that replicate by passing from brain to brain.
87
347000
5000
ideed, mis paljunevad, liikudes ajust ajju.
06:17
Richard Dawkins, whom you'll be hearing later in the day, invented the term "memes,"
88
352000
5000
Richard Dawkins, keda te kuulete täna hiljem, leiutas mõiste “meem”,
06:22
and put forward the first really clear and vivid version of this idea
89
357000
5000
pakkudes välja esimese väga selge ja värvika versiooni sellest ideest
06:27
in his book "The Selfish Gene."
90
362000
2000
oma raamatus “Isekas geen”.
06:29
Now here am I talking about his idea.
91
364000
3000
Siin ma nüüd olen, rääkimas tema ideest.
06:32
Well, you see, it's not his. Yes -- he started it.
92
367000
6000
See pole tema oma. Jah - tema alustas sellega.
06:38
But it's everybody's idea now.
93
373000
3000
Aga nüüd on see kõigi idee.
06:41
And he's not responsible for what I say about memes.
94
376000
4000
Ta ei vastuta selle eest, mida ma meemide kohta ütlen.
06:45
I'm responsible for what I say about memes.
95
380000
4000
Mina vastutan selle eest, mida ma meemide kohta ütlen.
06:50
Actually, I think we're all responsible
96
385000
3000
Tegelikult ma arvan, et me kõik vastutame
06:53
for not just the intended effects of our ideas,
97
388000
6000
mitte ainult meie ideede tahtlike mõjude,
06:59
but for their likely misuses.
98
394000
3000
vaid ka nende võimaliku väärkasutuse eest.
07:03
So it is important, I think, to Richard, and to me,
99
398000
4000
Niisiis on tähtis, ma arvan, Richardi ja minu jaoks,
07:07
that these ideas not be abused and misused.
100
402000
4000
et neid ideid ei kuritarvitataks ega väärkasutataks.
07:11
They're very easy to misuse. That's why they're dangerous.
101
406000
3000
Neid on väga lihtne valesti kasutada. Seetõttu ongi nad ohtlikud.
07:14
And it's just about a full-time job
102
409000
3000
Ja see on nagu täiskohaga töö,
07:17
trying to prevent people who are scared of these ideas
103
412000
3000
proovida takistada inimesi, kes neid ideesid kardavad,
07:20
from caricaturing them and then running off to one dire purpose or another.
104
415000
8000
neid pilkamast ja tormamast seejärel mõne teise kohutava eesmärgi suunas.
07:28
So we have to keep plugging away,
105
423000
3000
Niisiis peame me visalt rohima
07:31
trying to correct the misapprehensions
106
426000
2000
ja püüdma valearusaamad parandada,
07:33
so that only the benign and useful variants of our ideas continue to spread.
107
428000
8000
et ainult healoomulised ja kasulikud variandid meie ideedest jätkaksid levikut.
07:41
But it is a problem.
108
436000
2000
Aga see on probleem.
07:45
We don't have much time, and I'm going to go over just a little bit of this and cut out,
109
440000
5000
Meil pole palju aega ja ma räägin sellest ainult pisut veel ning lähen siis edasi,
07:50
because there's a lot of other things that are going to be said.
110
445000
3000
sest on veel paljustki muust rääkida.
07:53
So let me just point out: memes are like viruses.
111
448000
5000
Lubage mul rõhutada: meemid on nagu viirused.
07:58
That's what Richard said, back in '93.
112
453000
2000
See on see, mida Richard ütles aastal '93.
08:00
And you might think, "Well, how can that be?
113
455000
2000
Ja võite mõelda: “Kuidas see võimalik on?
08:02
I mean, a virus is -- you know, it's stuff! What's a meme made of?"
114
457000
7000
Viirus on ju asi! Millest meem tehtud on?”
08:09
Yesterday, Negroponte was talking about viral telecommunications
115
464000
5000
Eile rääkis Negroponte viiruslikust telekommunikatsioonist
08:14
but -- what's a virus?
116
469000
1000
aga – mis on viirus?
08:15
A virus is a string of nucleic acid with attitude.
117
470000
4000
Viirus on iseloomuga nukleiinhappe jada.
08:19
(Laughter)
118
474000
1000
(Naer)
08:20
That is, there is something about it
119
475000
2000
See tähendab, temas on midagi,
08:22
that tends to make it replicate better than the competition does.
120
477000
4000
mis paneb ta võrreldes konkurentidega paremini paljunema.
08:26
And that's what a meme is. It's an information packet with attitude.
121
481000
4000
Ja see ongi meem – iseloomuga informatioonipakike.
08:30
What's a meme made of? What are bits made of, Mom?
122
485000
6000
Millest meem tehtud on? Ema, millest bitid tehtud on?
08:36
Not silicon.
123
491000
2000
Mitte ränist.
08:38
They're made of information, and can be carried in any physical medium.
124
493000
4000
Need on tehtud informatsioonist ja neid võib kanda igal füüsilisel meediumil.
08:42
What's a word made of?
125
497000
2000
Millest sõna tehtud on?
08:44
Sometimes when people say, "Do memes exist?"
126
499000
5000
Mõnikord kui inimesed küsivad: “Kas meemid eksisteerivad?
08:49
I say, "Well, do words exist? Are they in your ontology?"
127
504000
4000
Vastan ma: “Kas sõnad eksisteerivad? Kas nad on sinu jaoks ontoloogiliselt olemas?”
08:53
If they are, words are memes that can be pronounced.
128
508000
5000
Kui nad on olemas, siis sõnad on meemid, mida saab hääldada.
08:58
Then there's all the other memes that can't be pronounced.
129
513000
3000
Ja siis on olemas veel teised meemid, mida ei saa hääldada.
09:01
There are different species of memes.
130
516000
3000
On olemas erinevat liiki meeme.
09:09
Remember the Shakers? Gift to be simple?
131
524000
4000
Mäletate Shakerseid (ususekt)? Oskus olla lihtne?
09:13
Simple, beautiful furniture?
132
528000
3000
Lihtne ja ilus mööbel?
09:16
And, of course, they're basically extinct now.
133
531000
3000
Ja muidugi on nad nüüd põhimõtteliselt välja surnud.
09:19
And one of the reasons is that among the creed of Shaker-dom
134
534000
6000
Ja üheks põhjuseks on Shakerluse usu juurde
09:25
is that one should be celibate.
135
540000
2000
kuulunud käsk olla tsölibaatne.
09:27
Not just the priests. Everybody.
136
542000
2000
Mitte ainult preestrid, vaid Kõik.
09:29
Well, it's not so surprising that they've gone extinct. (Laughter)
137
544000
8000
No pole ime, et nad välja on surnud. (Naer)
09:37
But in fact that's not why they went extinct.
138
552000
3000
Aga tegelikult pole see põhjus, miks nad välja surid.
09:42
They survived as long as they did
139
557000
3000
Nad püsisid elus nii kaua, kui suutsid,
09:45
at a time when the social safety nets weren't there.
140
560000
2000
ajal mil sotsiaalseid turvavõrke polnud veel olemas.
09:47
And there were lots of widows and orphans,
141
562000
3000
Ja oli palju leskesid ja orbe,
09:50
people like that, who needed a foster home.
142
565000
3000
selliseid inimesi, kes vajasid kasuperesid.
09:53
And so they had a ready supply of converts.
143
568000
3000
Ja nii oli neil valmis varu usuvahetajaid.
09:56
And they could keep it going.
144
571000
2000
Ja see võimaldas neil vastu pidada.
09:58
And, in principle, it could've gone on forever,
145
573000
2000
Ja põhimõtteliselt oleks see võinud kesta igavesti.
10:00
with perfect celibacy on the part of the hosts.
146
575000
3000
Koos idee kadjate täiusliku tsölibaadiga.
10:03
The idea being passed on through proselytizing,
147
578000
5000
Andes idee edasi läbi jutlustamise,
10:08
instead of through the gene line.
148
583000
3000
mitte läbi geneetilise pärandi.
10:13
So the ideas can live on in spite of the fact
149
588000
4000
Niisiis võivad ideed elada edasi vaatamata faktile,
10:17
that they're not being passed on genetically.
150
592000
3000
et neid ei anta edasi geneetiliselt.
10:20
A meme can flourish in spite of having a negative impact on genetic fitness.
151
595000
4000
Meem võib õitseda hoolimata negatiivsest mõjust geneetilisele võimekusele.
10:24
After all, the meme for Shaker-dom was essentially a sterilizing parasite.
152
599000
8000
Oli Shakerluse meem põhiliselt ju steriliseeriv parasiit.
10:33
There are other parasites that do this -- which render the host sterile.
153
608000
6000
On ka teisi parasiite, mis muudavad võõrustajad viljatuks.
10:40
It's part of their plan.
154
615000
2000
See on osa nende plaanist.
10:42
They don't have to have minds to have a plan.
155
617000
4000
Neil ei pea olema mõistlust, et omada plaani.
10:47
I'm just going to draw your attention to just one
156
622000
5000
Ma tõmbaks teie tähelepanu vaid ühele
10:52
of the many implications of the memetic perspective, which I recommend.
157
627000
8000
mitmetest meemilise perspektiivi eeldustest, mida ma soovitan.
11:01
I've not time to go into more of it.
158
636000
2000
Mul pole aega sellesse rohkem süveneda.
11:03
In Jared Diamond's wonderful book, "Guns, Germs and Steel,"
159
638000
4000
Jared Diamond’I suurepärases raamatus “Püssid, pisikud ja teras",
11:07
he talks about how it was germs, more than guns and steel,
160
642000
6000
rääkis ta kuidas need olid pisikud, mitte püssid ja teras,
11:13
that conquered the new hemisphere -- the Western hemisphere --
161
648000
5000
mis alistasid uue poolkera – Lääne poolkera –
11:18
that conquered the rest of the world.
162
653000
2000
mis alistas ülejäänud maailma.
11:20
When European explorers and travelers spread out,
163
655000
7000
Kui Euroopa maadeavastajad ja rändajad levisid,
11:27
they brought with them the germs
164
662000
2000
tõid nad endaga kaasa pisikud,
11:29
that they had become essentially immune to,
165
664000
3000
mille suhtes nad ise immuunsed olid,
11:32
that they had learned how to tolerate over
166
667000
3000
mida nad ise olid õppinud taluma
11:35
hundreds and hundreds of years, thousands of years,
167
670000
3000
sadu ja sadu aastaid, tuhandeid aastaid,
11:38
of living with domesticated animals who were the sources of those pathogens.
168
673000
4000
elades koos kodustatud loomadega, kes olid nende haigusetekitajate allikad.
11:43
And they just wiped out -- these pathogens just wiped out the native people,
169
678000
5000
Ja need haigusetekitajad lihtsalt pühkisid maalt põliselanikud,
11:48
who had no immunity to them at all.
170
683000
3000
kellel polnud nende vastu mitte mingit immuunsust.
11:51
And we're doing it again.
171
686000
3000
Ja me teeme seda jälle.
11:55
We're doing it this time with toxic ideas.
172
690000
4000
Aga seekord teeme me seda mürgiste ideedega.
12:00
Yesterday, a number of people -- Nicholas Negroponte and others --
173
695000
4000
Eile rääkisid mitmed inimesed – Nicholas Negroponte ja teised –
12:04
spoke about all the wonderful things
174
699000
2000
imelistest asjadest,
12:06
that are happening when our ideas get spread out,
175
701000
3000
mis juhtuvad kui meie ideed levivad
12:09
thanks to all the new technology all over the world.
176
704000
2000
tänu kõigele sellele uuele tehnoloogiale üle maailma.
12:11
And I agree. It is largely wonderful. Largely wonderful.
177
706000
6000
Ja ma nõustun. See on äärmiselt imeline. Äärmiselt imeline.
12:17
But among all those ideas that inevitably flow out into the whole world
178
712000
8000
Aga kõigi nende ideede hulgas, mis vältimatult laia maailma lendavad
12:25
thanks to our technology, are a lot of toxic ideas.
179
720000
5000
tänu meie tehnoloogiale, on palju mürgiseid ideesid.
12:30
Now, this has been realized for some time.
180
725000
3000
Nii, sellest on juba mõnda aega aru saadud.
12:33
Sayyid Qutb is one of the founding fathers of fanatical Islam,
181
728000
6000
Sayyid Qutb on üks fanaatilise Islami rajaja,
12:39
one of the ideologues that inspired Osama bin Laden.
182
734000
5000
üks ideologistidest, kes inspireeris Osama bin Ladenit.
12:44
"One has only to glance at its press films, fashion shows, beauty contests,
183
739000
5000
“Piisaks ainult pilgust tema pressifilmidele, moedemonstratsioonidele, iludusvõistlustele,
12:49
ballrooms, wine bars and broadcasting stations." Memes.
184
744000
6000
ballisaalidele, veinibaaridele ja raadiojaamadele.” Meemid.
12:55
These memes are spreading around the world
185
750000
4000
Need meemid levivad üle maailma
12:59
and they are wiping out whole cultures.
186
754000
5000
ja nad pühivad enda teelt terveid kultuure.
13:04
They are wiping out languages.
187
759000
2000
Nad pühivad enda teelt keeli.
13:06
They are wiping out traditions and practices.
188
761000
5000
Nad pühivad enda teelt traditsioonid ja tavad.
13:11
And it's not our fault, anymore than it's our fault when our germs lay waste
189
766000
8000
Ja see pole meie süü, nagu pole meie süü ka see, kui meie pisikud hävitasid
13:19
to people that haven't developed the immunity.
190
774000
3000
inimesed, kel polnud arenenud immuunsust.
13:22
We have an immunity to all of the junk that lies around the edges of our culture.
191
777000
6000
Meil on immuunsus selle rämpsu vastu, mis meie kultuuri ääri ümbritseb.
13:28
We're a free society, so we let pornography and all these things -- we shrug them off.
192
783000
6000
Meil on vaba ühiskond, milles lubame pornograafiat ja teisi asju – me kehitame nende peale õlgu.
13:34
They're like a mild cold.
193
789000
2000
Nad on nagu kerge külmetus.
13:36
They're not a big deal for us.
194
791000
2000
Nad pole meie jaoks oluline.
13:38
But we should recognize that for many people in the world,
195
793000
4000
Aga me peaksime teadvustama, et paljudele inimestele maailmas
13:42
they are a big deal.
196
797000
4000
on need olulised.
13:46
And we should be very alert to this.
197
801000
3000
Ja me peaksime olema selle suhtes valvsad,
13:49
As we spread our education and our technology,
198
804000
3000
kui me levitame oma haridust ja oma tehnoloogiat,
13:52
one of the things that we are doing is we're the vectors of memes
199
807000
8000
üks asi, mida me teeme: me oleme meemide vektoriteks,
14:00
that are correctly viewed by the hosts of many other memes
200
815000
6000
mida paljude teiste meemide kandjate poolt nähakse korrektselt,
14:06
as a dire threat to their favorite memes --
201
821000
3000
kui äärmist ohtu oma lemmikmeemidele –
14:09
the memes that they are prepared to die for.
202
824000
3000
meemidele, mille nimel nad on valmis surema.
14:12
Well now, how are we going to tell the good memes from the bad memes?
203
827000
4000
Nüüd siis, kuidas me eristame häid meeme halbadest meemidest?
14:16
That is not the job of the science of memetics.
204
831000
5000
See ei ole meemiteaduse ülesanne.
14:21
Memetics is morally neutral. And so it should be.
205
836000
6000
Meemiteadus on moraalselt neutraalne. Ja nii see peakski olema.
14:27
This is not the place for hate and anger.
206
842000
4000
See pole koht vihkamise ja viha jaoks.
14:31
If you've had a friend who's died of AIDS, then you hate HIV.
207
846000
5000
Kui Sul on olnud sõber, kes suri AIDSi, siis sa vihkad HIVi.
14:36
But the way to deal with that is to do science,
208
851000
4000
Aga sellest jagu saamiseks tuleb tegeleda teadusega
14:40
and understand how it spreads and why in a morally neutral perspective.
209
855000
7000
ja moraalselt neutraalses vaatenurgast aru saada kuidas see levib ja miks.
14:47
Get the facts.
210
862000
2000
Otsi fakte.
14:49
Work out the implications.
211
864000
4000
Tööta läbi vihjed.
14:53
There's plenty of room for moral passion once we've got the facts
212
868000
4000
On piisavalt ruumi moraalsele kirele, kui sul on faktid olemas
14:57
and can figure out the best thing to do.
213
872000
2000
ja saad välja selgitada parima asja, mida teha.
14:59
And, as with germs, the trick is not to try to annihilate them.
214
874000
5000
Ja nagu pisikutegagi, on trikk proovida neid mitte hävitada.
15:04
You will never annihilate the germs.
215
879000
3000
Sa ei saa kunagi hävitada pisikuid.
15:07
What you can do, however, is foster public health measures and the like
216
882000
6000
Mida sa saad teha, on edendada avalikke tervise abinõusid ja muud sellist,
15:13
that will encourage the evolution of avirulence.
217
888000
5000
mis pärsiks viiruste levimist.
15:19
That will encourage the spread of relatively benign mutations
218
894000
7000
See edendab suhteliselt healoomuliste mutatsioonide levikut
15:26
of the most toxic varieties.
219
901000
3000
kõige mürgisematest variantidest.
15:29
That's all the time I have,
220
904000
3000
Minu aeg on nüüd läbi saanud,
15:32
so thank you very much for your attention.
221
907000
3000
suur tänu teie tähelepanu eest.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Dennett - Philosopher, cognitive scientistDan Dennett thinks that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes.
Why you should listen
One of our most important living philosophers, Dan Dennett is best known for his provocative and controversial arguments that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes in the brain. He argues that the brain's computational circuitry fools us into thinking we know more than we do, and that what we call consciousness — isn't. His 2003 book "Freedom Evolves" explores how our brains evolved to give us -- and only us -- the kind of freedom that matters, while 2006's "Breaking the Spell" examines belief through the lens of biology.
This mind-shifting perspective on the mind itself has distinguished Dennett's career as a philosopher and cognitive scientist. And while the philosophy community has never quite known what to make of Dennett (he defies easy categorization, and refuses to affiliate himself with accepted schools of thought), his computational approach to understanding the brain has made him, as Edge's John Brockman writes, “the philosopher of choice of the AI community.”
“It's tempting to say that Dennett has never met a robot he didn't like, and that what he likes most about them is that they are philosophical experiments,” Harry Blume wrote in the Atlantic Monthly in 1998. “To the question of whether machines can attain high-order intelligence, Dennett makes this provocative answer: ‘The best reason for believing that robots might some day become conscious is that we human beings are conscious, and we are a sort of robot ourselves.'"
In recent years, Dennett has become outspoken in his atheism, and his 2006 book Breaking the Spell calls for religion to be studied through the scientific lens of evolutionary biology. Dennett regards religion as a natural -- rather than supernatural -- phenomenon, and urges schools to break the taboo against empirical examination of religion. He argues that religion's influence over human behavior is precisely what makes gaining a rational understanding of it so necessary: “If we don't understand religion, we're going to miss our chance to improve the world in the 21st century.”
Dennett's landmark books include The Mind's I, co-edited with Douglas Hofstaedter, Consciousness Explained, and Darwin's Dangerous Idea. Read an excerpt from his 2013 book, Intuition Pumps, in the Guardian >>
Dan Dennett | Speaker | TED.com