Hannah Fry: Is life really that complex?
Hannah Fry researches the trends in our civilization and ways we can forecast its future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to try and provide you with an answer,
پاسخی به شما ارائه دهم،
is split this neatly into two parts:
به دو بخش تقسیم میکنم:
what I mean by "complex."
منظور از واژهی "پیچیده" چیست.
a host of formal definitions,
دهم،
that Einstein and his peers can't do.
همتایانش قادر به انجام آن نیستند.
if the clicker works ... there we go.
اگر نشانگر کار کند... کار کرد.
that when he hits the cue ball,
به گوی سفید ضربه میزند،
is going to hit the sides,
به کنارهها برخورد میکند،
and where it's going to end up.
متوقف میشود.
up to the size of the solar system,
منظومهٔ شمسی در نظر بگیریم،
the path of the Earth around the Sun,
دورخورشید بدانید،
at any point in time.
کجا قرار دارند.
increase in difficulty,
the Moon in his calculations.
محاسباتش در نظر بگیرد.
Mars and Jupiter, say,
میکنید، مثلا مریخ و مشتری،
to solve with a pen and paper.
که با کاغذ و قلم حل شود.
a handful of planets,
داشتن مشتی سیاره
or even billions,
to a molecular level.
of an individual air molecule,
را ردیابی میکنید،
of air molecules all together,
which is quantifiable, predictable
که قابل پیشبینی، قابل سنجش
planes would fall out of the sky.
هواپیماها سقوط می کردند.
across the whole of the world,
در سراسر دنیا
with all of these air molecules.
مولکولهای هوا یکسان است.
an individual rain droplet
باران را بگیرید
or where it's going to end up.
به کجا میرسد.
this is how far science had got.
همینقدر دانش پیشرفت کرد.
with a few objects
with millions of objects
و تعاملات
before Einstein's death,
Warren Weaver made exactly this point.
وارن ویور به این نکته اشاره کرد
has gone from one extreme to another,
منتهی به منتهی دیگر میرود
great middle region.
دربرنمیگیرد
is where complexity science lies,
every single problem you can think of
که در ذهن میآیند.
how to model the movement of a crowd.
چگونه حرکت یک جمعیت را مدل کند
to look at them all individually
تا تک تک ببینیمشان
to annoying things like decisions
all the more complicated.
is going to be.
how to improve unemployment.
چگونه مشکل بیکاری را بهبود ببخشیم.
is going to be a hit or a flop.
we're completely screwed.
کلا به فنا رفتیم.
and life is way too complex.
و زندگی بسیار پیچیده است.
of a new area of science
to model our social systems.
تا سیستم اجتماعیمان را مدل کنیم.
about statistics and computer simulations.
کامپیوتری حرف نمیزنم.
equations about our society
درباره جامعهمان حرف میزنم
what's going on
or the weather prediction.
because people have begun to realize
and those of the physical world around us.
of migration across Europe.
all of the people together,
وقتی همه مردم را با هم میبینید،
they're following the laws of gravity.
گرانش پیروی میکنند.
being attracted to one another,
to areas with better job opportunities,
and lower unemployment.
و بیکاری کمتر.
are more likely to go for opportunities
بیشتر به سمت فرصتها میروند،
London to Kent, for example,
مثلا از لندن به کنت،
far away is felt much less.
خیلی کمتر حس میشود.
were looking into the patterns
دنبال الگوهای
is this idea of repeat victimization.
ایده قربانی تکراری است.
who manage to successfully rob an area,
در محدودهای موفق به دزدی شوند،
and carry on burgling it.
به دزدی ادامه دهند.
that are in place.
ramp up the security,
امنیت را افزایش دهند.
will move off elsewhere.
between burglars and security
hot spots of the city.
this is exactly the same process
it's not burglars and security,
دزدی و امنیت نیست،
that creates these patterns
که این الگوها را می سازد
about the morphogenesis of leopard spots.
روی بدن پلنگ زیاد میدانیم.
some of the warning signs with burglaries
مستعد دزدی استفاده کنیم
better crime strategies to prevent crime.
بهتر بسازیم تا بتوانیم از آن جلوگیری کنیم.
the West Midlands police right now
در مورد همین مسئله
plenty of examples like this,
with one from my own research
تحقیق خودم را بگویم
don't need me to tell you
the worst sustained period
برهه پایداری از
we want to try and understand
خواستیم که بفهمیم
with better strategies
به استراتژیهای بهتر
resolution in the future.
the sociologists here,
را ناراحت کنم،
the individual motivations for a rioter,
یک آشوبگر صحبت کنم،
the rioters all together,
به طور کلی نگاه میکنید،
into a three-stage process
سه مرحله ای آن را تقسیم کنید
you've got a group of friends.
a Foot Locker which is being raided,
که مورد حمله قرار گرفته است رد می شود،
a new pair of trainers.
جفت کفش ورزشی نو برمیدارد.
"Come on down to the riots."
"بیا به شورش".
more of their friends, who join them,
که به آن دو میپیوندند،
that a virus spreads through a population.
ویروس بین جمعیت است.
of a couple of years ago,
در چند سال پیش فکر کنید،
the more people that got infected,
مردم بیشتری را هم مبتلا میکردند.
to get a handle on events.
وقایع را مدیریت کنند.
he's decided he's going to riot.
که تصمیم میگیرد آشوب کند.
is pick a riot site.
جایی را برای آشوب انتخاب کند.
about rioters is that, um ...
بدانید این است...
درست شد.
they're not prepared to travel
آنها آماده دور شدن از
having traveled less than a kilometer
کمتر از یک کیلومتر جابجا شدهاند
in consumer models of retail spending,
در خرده فروشیها دیده میشود،
to go to local shops,
به مغازه محلی برای خرید بروند،
to go a little bit further
picked up by some of the papers,
همانندی استفاده شده است
"Shopping with violence,"
"خرید با خشونت" میگویند،
in terms of our research.
آن را خلاصه میکند.
getting caught by the police.
the police at all times,
with their limited resources,
as much of the city as possible,
از شهر محاظت کند،
so to speak, of rioters and police,
در اینجا آشوبگران و پلیس
and prey in the wild.
foxes at all costs,
از روباه دوری کنند،
trying to look for rabbits.
تا خرگوش پیدا کند.
about the dynamics of predators and prey.
شکارچی و طعمه زیاد میدانیم.
consumer spending flows.
خرید مصرف کنندهها .
how viruses spread through a population.
جمعیت پخش میشود
together and exploit them,
به کار بگیریم،
model of what actually happened,
افتاده است،
the general patterns
we can almost use this as a petri dish
بعنوان محیط کشت از آن استفاده کنیم
were more susceptible than others
مستعدتر هستند
میتواند اتخاذ کند
again in the future.
of this sort was completely unheard of.
شکلی اصلاً صحبت نشده بود.
are an incredibly important tool
وسیله بسیار مهمی هستند
our society overall.
necessarily be that complicated.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hannah Fry - Complexity theoristHannah Fry researches the trends in our civilization and ways we can forecast its future.
Why you should listen
Hannah Fry completed her PhD in fluid dynamics in early 2011 with an emphasis on how liquid droplets move. Then, after working as an aerodynamicist in the motorsport industry, she began work on an interdisciplinary project in complexity sciences at University College London. Hannah’s current research focusses on discovering new connections between mathematically described systems and human interaction at the largest scale.
Hannah Fry | Speaker | TED.com