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Susan Lim: Transplant cells, not organs
Susan Lim: Trasplantirajmo stanice, ne organe
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Pionir u kirurgiji, Susan Lim, izvela je prvu transplantaciju jetre u Aziji. Ali se javila moralna dilema oko transplantacija (od kuda dolaze donirane jetre ...) koja ju je navela da bolje pogleda i pita: Da li bi mogli transplantirati stanice, ne cijele organe? Na INK konferenciji, priča o svojem novom istraživanju, otkriva regenerativne stanice na iznenađujućim mjestima.
Susan Lim - Surgeon
A surgical pioneer in Singapore, Susan Lim is a researcher and entrepreneur. Full bio
A surgical pioneer in Singapore, Susan Lim is a researcher and entrepreneur. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So I was privileged to train in transplantation
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Imala sam privilegiju da učim o transplantaciji
00:20
under two great surgical pioneers:
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pod dva velika kirurga pionira:
00:22
Thomas Starzl,
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Thomas Starzl,
00:24
who performed the world's first successful liver transplant
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koji je izveo prvu uspješnu transplantaciju jetre u svijetu
00:27
in 1967,
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1967. godine,
00:29
and Sir Roy Calne,
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i Sir Roy Calne,
00:31
who performed the first liver transplant in the U.K.
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koji je izveo prvu transplantaciju jetre u U.K.
00:34
in the following year.
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slijedeće godine.
00:37
I returned to Singapore
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Vratila sam se u Singapur
00:39
and, in 1990,
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i 1990. godine
00:41
performed Asia's first successful
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izvela prvu uspješnu transplantaciju
00:43
cadaveric liver transplant procedure,
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jetre od kadavera u Aziji,
00:46
but against all odds.
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ali protiv svih očekivanja.
00:49
Now when I look back,
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Kada sada pogledam nazad na to,
00:51
the transplant was actually the easiest part.
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transplantacija je zapravo bila lakši dio.
00:55
Next, raising the money to fund the procedure.
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Slijedeće, sakupljanje novaca da financiram operaciju.
00:59
But perhaps the most challenging part
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Ali možda je najteži dio bio
01:03
was to convince the regulators --
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uvjeravanje regulatora --
01:05
a matter which was debated in the parliament --
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stvar koja se debatirala u parlamentu --
01:09
that a young female surgeon
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da bi mladoj ženskoj kirurginji
01:11
be allowed the opportunity
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dopustili takvu šansu
01:13
to pioneer for her country.
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da postane pionir za svoju zemlju.
01:16
But 20 years on,
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Ali nakon 20 godina,
01:18
my patient, Surinder,
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moja pacijentica, Surinder,
01:20
is Asia's longest surviving
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je u Aziji najduža živuća
01:22
cadaveric liver transplant to date.
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kadaverična transplantacija jetre do danas.
01:25
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
01:29
And perhaps more important,
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Možda važnije od toga,
01:32
I am the proud godmother
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ja sam ponosna krsna kuma
01:34
to her 14 year-old son.
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njezinog 14 godišnjeg sina.
01:36
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
01:40
But not all patients on the transplant wait list
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Ali nisu svi pacijenti na listi čekanja za transplantaciju
01:42
are so fortunate.
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tako sretni.
01:44
The truth is,
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Istina je,
01:46
there are just simply not enough donor organs
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da jednostavno nema dovoljno donora organa
01:48
to go around.
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za sve njih.
01:50
As the demand for donor organs
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Kako potražnja za donorima organa
01:52
continues to rise,
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stalno raste,
01:54
in large part due to the aging population,
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velikim dijelom zbog sve starije populacije,
01:57
the supply has remained relatively constant.
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ponuda je ostala relativno konstantna.
02:01
In the United States alone,
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Samo u Sjedinjenim Državama ,
02:03
100,000 men, women and children
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100.000 muškaraca, žena i djece
02:07
are on the waiting list for donor organs,
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čeka na listi za donora organa,
02:10
and more than a dozen die each day
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i više od 12 umire svaki dan
02:13
because of a lack of donor organs.
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zato što nema dovoljno donora.
02:16
The transplant community
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Transplantacijska zajednica
02:18
has actively campaigned in organ donation.
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je vodila aktivne kampanje za donaciju organa.
02:21
And the gift of life
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Dar života
02:23
has been extended
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se proširio
02:25
from brain-dead donors
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s donora s moždanom smrću
02:27
to living, related donors --
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na živuće, srodne donore --
02:29
relatives who might donate an organ
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srodnici koji bi možda donirali organ
02:32
or a part of an organ,
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ili dio organa,
02:34
like a split liver graft,
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kao što je rascjepljeni graft jetre,
02:36
to a relative or loved one.
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svom srodniku ili voljenoj osobi.
02:39
But as there was still a dire shortage of donor organs,
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Ali zato što još uvijek postoji manjak donora organa,
02:42
the gift of life was then extended
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dar života je onda proširen
02:44
from living, related donors
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sa živućih, srodnih donora
02:46
to now living, unrelated donors.
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sada na živuće, nesrodne donore.
02:49
And this then has given rise
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Onda je ovo dalo maha
02:52
to unprecedented and unexpected
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neviđenoj i neočekivanoj
02:55
moral controversy.
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moralnoj kontroverzi.
02:58
How can one distinguish
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Kako može netko razlikovati
03:01
a donation that is voluntary and altruistic
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donaciju koja je volonterska i altruistička
03:04
from one that is forced or coerced
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od one koja je učinjena pod prisilom
03:07
from, for example,
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od, na primjer,
03:09
a submissive spouse, an in-law,
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pokorne supruge, rodbine,
03:12
a servant, a slave,
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sluge, roba,
03:14
an employee?
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zaposlenika?
03:16
Where and how can we draw the line?
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Gdje i kako možemo povući crtu?
03:20
In my part of the world,
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U mojem dijelu svijeta,
03:23
too many people live below the poverty line.
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previše ljudi živi ispod granice siromaštva.
03:26
And in some areas,
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Na nekim područjima,
03:28
the commercial gifting of an organ
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komercijalno poklanjanje organa
03:30
in exchange for monetary reward
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u zamjenu za novčanu nagradu
03:33
has led to a flourishing trade
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je dovelo do cvatuće trgovine
03:35
in living, unrelated donors.
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živućih, nesrodnih donora.
03:39
Shortly after I performed the first liver transplant,
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Ubrzo nakon što sam izvela prvu transplantaciju jetre,
03:42
I received my next assignment,
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dobila sam svoj slijedeći zadatak,
03:44
and that was to go to the prisons
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a to je bilo da odem do zatvora
03:47
to harvest organs
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kako bih vadila organe
03:49
from executed prisoners.
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zatvorenicima koji su bili pogubljeni.
03:52
I was also pregnant at the time.
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U to vrijema sam bila i trudna.
03:55
Pregnancies are meant
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Trudnoća bi trebala biti
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to be happy and fulfilling moments
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razdoblje sretnih i ispunjavajućih doživljaja
04:00
in any woman's life.
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u životu svake žene.
04:02
But my joyful period
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Ali je moje sretno razdoblje
04:04
was marred by solemn and morbid thoughts --
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bilo opterećeno teškim i morbidnim mislima --
04:09
thoughts of walking through
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mislima o hodanju kroz
04:11
the prison's high-security death row,
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dio zatvora gdje se nalaze oni koji čekaju smrtnu kaznu,
04:14
as this was the only route
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kako je ovo bila jedina ruta
04:16
to take me to the makeshift operating room.
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koja me je vodila do improvizirane operacijske sale.
04:20
And at each time,
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I svaki puta
04:22
I would feel the chilling stares
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bi osjetila kako me hladni pogledi
04:25
of condemned prisoners' eyes follow me.
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osuđenih zatvorenika prate.
04:29
And for two years,
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Dvije godine
04:31
I struggled with the dilemma
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sam se mučila s dilemom
04:33
of waking up at 4:30 am
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buđenja u 4:30
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on a Friday morning,
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u petak ujutro,
04:37
driving to the prison,
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vožnje do zatvora,
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getting down, gloved and scrubbed,
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spuštanje, stavljanja rukavica,
04:41
ready to receive the body
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pripreme da primim tijelo
04:44
of an executed prisoner,
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pogubljenog zatvorenika,
04:46
remove the organs
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izvadim organe
04:48
and then transport these organs
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i onda te organe prevezem
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to the recipient hospital
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do odgovarajuće bolnice
04:52
and then graft the gift of life
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i onda presadim dar života
04:55
to a recipient the same afternoon.
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u primaoca tog istog popodneva.
04:58
No doubt, I was informed,
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Nema sumnje, bila sam informirana,
05:00
the consent had been obtained.
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suglasnost je bila dana.
05:06
But, in my life,
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Ali u mom žvotu,
05:08
the one fulfilling skill that I had
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jedina ispunjavajuća vještina koju sam posjedovala
05:13
was now invoking feelings of conflict --
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je sada izazivala osjećaje konflikta --
05:17
conflict ranging
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konflikt koji je bio u rasponu
05:19
from extreme sorrow and doubt at dawn
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od ekstremne tuge i sumnje u zoru
05:23
to celebratory joy
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do slavljeničke sreće
05:25
at engrafting the gift of life at dusk.
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kada bi dala dar života u sumrak.
05:29
In my team,
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U mojoj ekipi,
05:31
the lives of one or two of my colleagues
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život jedno ili dvoje mojih kolega
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were tainted by this experience.
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je bio pokvaren ovim iskustvom.
05:37
Some of us may have been sublimated,
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Neki od nas su možda to sublimirali,
05:40
but really none of us remained the same.
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ali nitko od nas nije ostao isti.
05:44
I was troubled
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Bila sam uznemirena
05:47
that the retrieval of organs from executed prisoners
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da je vađenje organa iz pogubljenih zatvorenika
05:51
was at least as morally controversial
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barem jednako kontroverzno kao i
05:54
as the harvesting of stem cells
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vađenje matičnih stanica
05:56
from human embryos.
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iz ljudskih embrija.
05:59
And in my mind,
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Svojom glavom
06:01
I realized as a surgical pioneer
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sam shvatila da kao kirurški pionir
06:04
that the purpose of my position of influence
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svrha moje utjecajne pozicije
06:07
was surely to speak up
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je bio da dignem glas
06:09
for those who have no influence.
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za one koji nemaju utjecaja.
06:12
It made me wonder
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Zapitala sam se
06:14
if there could be a better way --
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da li može postojati bolji način --
06:16
a way to circumvent death
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način da se zaobiđe smrt
06:19
and yet deliver the gift of life
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a još uvijek pruži dar života
06:21
that might exponentially impact
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koji bi mogao eksponencionalno utjecati
06:24
millions of patients worldwide.
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na milijune pacijenata širom svijeta.
06:28
Now just about that time,
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Baš oko tog vremena
06:30
the practice of surgery evolved
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je kirurška struka evoluirala
06:32
from big to small,
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iz velike u malu,
06:34
from wide open incisions
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od široko otvorenih incizija
06:36
to keyhole procedures,
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na majušne zahvate,
06:38
tiny incisions.
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sitne incizije.
06:41
And in transplantation, concepts shifted
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I u transplataciji, koncepti su se mijenjali
06:44
from whole organs to cells.
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sa cijelih organa na stanice.
06:47
In 1988, at the University of Minnesota,
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1988 godine, na Sveučilištu u Minnesoti,
06:50
I participated in a small series
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sudjelovala sam u maloj seriji
06:53
of whole organ pancreas transplants.
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transplantacija cijelih gušterača.
06:56
I witnessed the technical difficulty.
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Svjedočila sam tehničkim poteškočama.
06:59
And this inspired in my mind
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I ovo je inspiriralo u meni
07:01
a shift from transplanting whole organs
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pomak od transplantacije cijelih organa
07:05
to perhaps transplanting cells.
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na možda transplantiranje stanica.
07:07
I thought to myself,
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Pomislila sam
07:09
why not take the individual cells
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zašto ne uzeti individualne stanice
07:12
out of the pancreas --
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iz gušterače --
07:14
the cells that secrete insulin to cure diabetes --
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stanice koje izlučuju inzulin kako bi izliječili dijabetes --
07:17
and transplant these cells? --
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i transplantirati te stanice? --
07:20
technically a much simpler procedure
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tehnički puno jednostavniji postupak
07:22
than having to grapple with the complexities
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nego da morate se boriti s kompleksnim
07:25
of transplanting a whole organ.
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postupkom transplantiranja cijelog organa.
07:28
And at that time,
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U to vrijeme
07:30
stem cell research
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istraživanje matičnih stanica
07:32
had gained momentum,
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je dobilo momentum,
07:34
following the isolation of the world's first
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nakon prve svjetske izolacije
07:37
human embryonic stem cells
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ljudskih embrijskih matičnih stanica
07:39
in the 1990s.
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u 90-tima.
07:42
The observation that stem cells, as master cells,
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Obzervacija da su matične stanice, kao "vodeće" stanice,
07:45
could give rise
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bi mogla otvoriti put
07:47
to a whole variety of different cell types --
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prema cijeloj paleti različitih tipova stanica --
07:49
heart cells, liver cells,
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srčanih stanica, jetrenih stanica,
07:51
pancreatic islet cells --
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stanica otočića gušterače --
07:53
captured the attention of the media
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uhvatila je pažnju medija
07:56
and the imagination of the public.
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i imaginaciju publike.
07:59
I too was fascinated
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Ja sam također bila fascinirana
08:01
by this new and disruptive cell technology,
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ovom novom i disruptivnom staničnom tehnologijom
08:04
and this inspired a shift in my mindset,
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i to me inspiriralo da promjenim svoj način razmišljanja,
08:07
from transplanting whole organs
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s transplantacije cijelih organa
08:09
to transplanting cells.
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na transplantaciju stanica.
08:12
And I focused my research on stem cells
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I fokusirala sam svoja istraživanja na matične stanice
08:15
as a possible source
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kao mogući izvor
08:17
for cell transplants.
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za transplantaciju stanica.
08:20
Today we realize
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Danas shavaćamo
08:22
that there are many different types of stem cells.
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da postoje mnoge različite vrste matičnih stanica.
08:25
Embryonic stem cells
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Embrijonalne matične stanice
08:27
have occupied center stage,
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su zauzele središte pozornosti,
08:29
chiefly because of their pluripotency --
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uglavnom zbog svoje pluripotentnosti --
08:33
that is their ease in differentiating
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to je njihova sposobnost da diferenciraju
08:36
into a variety of different cell types.
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u široku paletu različitih staničnih vrsta.
08:40
But the moral controversy
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Ali moralna kontroverza
08:43
surrounding embryonic stem cells --
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koja okružuje embrijonalne matične stanice --
08:46
the fact that these cells are derived
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činjenica da su te stanice derivirane
08:48
from five-day old human embryos --
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iz pet dana starih ljudskih embrija --
08:51
has encouraged research
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je potaknula istraživanja
08:53
into other types of stem cells.
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drugih vrsta matičnih stanica.
08:56
Now to the ridicule of my colleagues,
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Sada čak i s podrugivanjem svojih kolega,
09:00
I inspired my lab
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inspiriram svoj laboratorij
09:02
to focus on what I thought
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da se fokusira na ono što sam ja smatrala
09:05
was the most non-controversial source of stem cells,
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da je najmanje kotroverzni izvor matičnih stanica,
09:09
adipose tissue, or fat, yes fat --
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adipozno tkivo, ili masno tkivo, da mast --
09:12
nowadays available in abundant supply --
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u današnje vrijeme je vrlo dostupno --
09:16
you and I, I think, would be very happy to get rid of anyway.
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mislim da bi i vi i ja bili vrlo sretni da ga se riješimo.
09:21
Fat-derived stem cells
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Matične stanice dobivene iz masnog tkiva
09:23
are adult stem cells.
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su zrele matične stanice.
09:25
And adult stem cells
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I zrele matične stanice
09:27
are found in you and me --
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se nalaze u vama i u meni --
09:29
in our blood, in our bone marrow,
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u našoj krvi, u našoj koštanoj srži,
09:31
in our fat, our skin and other organs.
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u našem masnom tkivu, u našoj koži i drugim organima.
09:34
And as it turns out,
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I ispada da
09:36
fat is one of the best sources
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je masno tkivo jedan od najboljih izvora
09:38
of adult stem cells.
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zrelih matičnih stanica.
09:40
But adult stem cells
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Ali zrele matične stanice
09:42
are not embryonic stem cells.
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nisu embrijonalne matične stanice.
09:45
And here is the limitation:
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I tu nastaju ograničenja:
09:47
adult stem cells are mature cells,
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zrele matične stanice su razvijene stanice,
09:50
and, like mature human beings,
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i kao razvijena ljudska bića,
09:53
these cells are more restricted in their thought
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ove stanice su više ograničene u svome razmišljanju
09:56
and more restricted in their behavior
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i više ograničene u svome ponašanju
09:59
and are unable to give rise
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i ne mogu se diferencirati
10:01
to the wide variety of specialized cell types,
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u široku paletu specijaliziranih vrsta stanica,
10:04
as embryonic stem cells [can].
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kao što to mogu embrijonalne matične stanice.
10:06
But in 2007,
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Ali 2007. godine
10:09
two remarkable individuals,
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dvoje izvanrednih individualaca,
10:12
Shinya Yamanaka of Japan
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Shinya Yamanaka iz Japana
10:14
and Jamie Thomson of the United States,
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i Jamie Thompson iz Sjedinjenih Država,
10:17
made an astounding discovery.
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su napravili iznenađujuće otkriće.
10:20
They discovered
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Oni su otkrili
10:22
that adult cells, taken from you and me,
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da adultne stanice, uzete od vas ili mene,
10:25
could be reprogrammed
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mogu biti reprogramirane
10:28
back into embryonic-like cells,
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nazad u stanice slične embrijskim stanicama,
10:30
which they termed IPS cells,
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i to su nazvali IPS stanice,
10:33
or induced pluripotent stem cells.
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ili inducirane pluripotentne matične stanice.
10:38
And so guess what,
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I pogodite što se dogodilo,
10:40
scientists around the world and in the labs
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znanstvenici širom svijeta i u laboratorijima
10:43
are racing
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se žure
10:45
to convert aging adult cells --
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konvertirati zrele stanice koje stare --
10:48
aging adult cells from you and me --
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zrele stanice od vas i mene koje stare --
10:50
they are racing to reprogram these cells
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žure se reprogramirati ove stanice
10:53
back into more useful IPS cells.
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nazad u više korisne IPS stanice.
10:58
And in our lab,
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I u našem laboratoriju,
11:00
we are focused on taking fat
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mi smo fokusirani na uzimanje masnog tkiva
11:02
and reprogramming
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i reprogramiranju
11:04
mounds of fat
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brda masti
11:06
into fountains of youthful cells --
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u fontane mladolikih stanica --
11:10
cells that we may use
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stanice koje se mogu koristiti
11:12
to then form other,
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kako bi oblikovali druge,
11:14
more specialized, cells,
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više specijalizirane stanice,
11:16
which one day may be used as cell transplants.
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koje bi se jednog dana mogle koristiti kao stanice za transplantaciju.
11:20
If this research is successful,
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Ako je ovo istraživanje uspješno,
11:23
it may then reduce the need
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moglo bi reducirati potrebu
11:26
to research and sacrifice
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da se istražuju i žrtvuju
11:28
human embryos.
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ljudski embriji.
11:32
Indeed, there is a lot of hype, but also hope
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Naravno, digla se prašina, ali i nada
11:35
that the promise of stem cells
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da obećanja koja sa sobom nose matične stanice
11:37
will one day provide cures
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da će jednog dana omogućiti izlječenje
11:39
for a whole range of conditions.
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za veliki broj raznih stanja.
11:41
Heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
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Srčane bolesti, moždanog udara, dijabetesa,
11:44
spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy,
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oštečenja leđne moždine, mišićne distrofije,
11:46
retinal eye diseases --
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retinalne distrofije --
11:49
are any of these conditions
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da li je jedno od ovih stanja
11:51
relevant, personally, to you?
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vama osobno relevantno?
11:54
In May 2006,
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U svibnju 2006. godine,
11:57
something horrible happened to me.
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nešto strašno mi se dogodilo.
12:00
I was about to start a robotic operation,
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Upravo sam trebala započeti operaciju s robotom,
12:02
but stepping out of the elevator
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ali kada sam izašla iz dizala
12:04
into the bright and glaring lights of the operating room,
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u jaka i blješteća svjetla operacijske sale,
12:07
I realized
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shvatila sam
12:09
that my left visual field
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da moje lijevo vidno polje
12:11
was fast collapsing into darkness.
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je vrlo brzo padalo u mrak.
12:14
Earlier that week,
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Ranije tog tjedna,
12:16
I had taken a rather hard knock
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doživjela sam jači udarac
12:18
during late spring skiing -- yes, I fell.
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tijekom kasno proljetnog skijanja -- da, pala sam.
12:21
And I started to see floaters and stars,
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I počela sam viđati lebdeće čestice i zvjezdice,
12:23
which I casually dismissed
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koje sam nemarno odbacila
12:25
as too much high-altitude sun exposure.
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kao posljedicu prevelike izloženosti suncu na visinama.
12:28
What happened to me
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Ono što mi se dogodilo
12:30
might have been catastrophic,
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je moglo biti katastrofalno
12:32
if not for the fact
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da nije činjenica
12:34
that I was in reach of good surgical access.
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da sam imala dobar pristup kirurgiji.
12:36
And I had my vision restored,
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I vratili su mi vid,
12:38
but not before a prolonged period of convalescence --
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ali ne prije produženog perioda konvalescencije --
12:41
three months --
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tri mjeseca --
12:43
in a head down position.
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u poziciji s glavom prema dolje.
12:45
This experience
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Ovo iskustvo
12:47
taught me to empathize more with my patients,
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me naučilo da pokažem više empatije prema svojim pacijentima,
12:50
and especially those with retinal diseases.
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pogotovo onima s retinalnim bolestima.
12:54
37 million people worldwide
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37 milijuna ljudi širem svijeta
12:56
are blind,
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je slijepo,
12:58
and 127 million more
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i još 127 milijuna
13:01
suffer from impaired vision.
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pati od poremećaja vida.
13:04
Stem cell-derived retinal transplants,
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Retinalni transplantati derivirani iz matičnih stanica
13:07
now in a research phase,
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koji su sada u fazi istraživanja,
13:09
may one day restore vision,
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mogli bi jednog dana vratiti vid,
13:11
or part vision,
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ili dio vida,
13:13
to millions of patients with retinal diseases worldwide.
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milijunima pacijenata s retinalnim bolestima širom svijeta.
13:17
Indeed, we live
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Stvarno živimo
13:19
in both challenging
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u kako izazovnom
13:21
as well as exciting times.
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toliko i uzbudljivom vremenu.
13:25
As the world population ages,
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Kako svjetska populacija stari,
13:28
scientists are racing
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znanstvenici se žure
13:30
to discover new ways
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otkriti nove načine
13:32
to enhance the power of the body
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na koje bi povećali moć tijela
13:34
to heal itself through stem cells.
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kako bi se ono samo zacijelilo kroz matične stanice.
13:37
It is a fact
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Činjenica je
13:39
that when our organs or tissues are injured,
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da kada su naši organi ili tkiva ozljeđeni,
13:42
our bone marrow
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naša koštana srž
13:44
releases stem cells
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otpušta matične stanice
13:46
into our circulation.
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u našu cirkulaciju.
13:48
And these stem cells
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I ove matične stanice
13:50
then float in the bloodstream
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onda plove našim krvotokom
13:52
and hone in to damaged organs
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i nastane se u oštećenim organima
13:55
to release growth factors
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kako bi otpustili faktore rasta
13:57
to repair the damaged tissue.
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da bi popravili uništena tkiva.
13:59
Stem cells may be used as building blocks
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Matične stanice se mogu koristiti kao građevni elementi
14:02
to repair damaged scaffolds within our body,
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da bi popravili oštećene skele unutar naših tijela,
14:06
or to provide new liver cells
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ili da osiguraju nove jetrene stanice
14:08
to repair damaged liver.
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koje bi popravile oštećenu jetru.
14:11
As we speak, there are 117 or so clinical trials
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Dok tu govorimo, postoji oko 117 kliničkih ispitivanja
14:14
researching the use of stem cells
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koja istražuju korištenje matičnih stanica
14:17
for liver diseases.
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za bolesti jetre.
14:19
What lies ahead?
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Što je ispred nas?
14:21
Heart disease
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Srčane bolesti
14:23
is the leading cause of death worldwide.
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su vodeći uzrok smrti širom svijeta.
14:25
1.1 million Americans
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1,1 milijun amerikanaca
14:27
suffer heart attacks yearly.
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doživi srčani udar svake godine.
14:30
4.8 million
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4,8 milijuna
14:32
suffer cardiac failure.
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doživi zatajenje srca.
14:34
Stem cells may be used
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Matične stanice bi se mogle koristiti
14:36
to deliver growth factors
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da dostave faktore rasta
14:38
to repair damaged heart muscle
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da poprave oštećeni srčani mišić
14:40
or be differentiated
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ili biti diferencirani
14:42
into heart muscle cells
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u stanice srčanog mišića
14:44
to restore heart function.
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kako bi vratili srčanu funkciju.
14:46
There are 170 clinical trials
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Postoji 170 kliničkih ispitivanja
14:49
investigating the role of stem cells in heart disease.
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koja ispituju ulogu matičnih stanica u srčanoj bolesti.
14:53
While still in a research phase,
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Dok su sada još u fazi istraživanja
14:56
stem cells may one day herald
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matične stanice bi jednog dana mogle biti predvodnici
14:59
a quantum leap in the field of cardiology.
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kvantnog skoka u području kardiologije.
15:03
Stem cells provide hope for new beginnings --
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Matične stanice omogućuju nove početke --
15:06
small, incremental steps,
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male, inkrementalne korake,
15:09
cells rather than organs,
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stanice umjesto organa,
15:12
repair rather than replacement.
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popravak umjesto zamjene.
15:15
Stem cell therapies
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Terapija matičnim stanicama
15:18
may one day reduce the need for donor organs.
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bi jednog dana mogla smanjiti potrebu za donorima organa.
15:22
Powerful new technologies
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Moćne nove tehnologije
15:24
always present enigmas.
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uvijek predstavljaju enigme.
15:26
As we speak,
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Dok ovdje govorimo,
15:28
the world's first human embryonic stem cell trial for spinal cord injury
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prvo u svijetu ispitivanje ljudskih embrijonalnih matičnih stanica za ozljedu leđne moždine
15:31
is currently underway
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je u tijeku
15:33
following the USFDA approval.
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nakon odobrenja od strane USFDA-a.
15:36
And in the U.K.,
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U U.K.-u,
15:38
neural stem cells to treat stroke
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neuralne matične stanice koje bi liječile moždani udar
15:40
are being investigated in a phase one trial.
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se istražuju i trenutno su u prvoj fazi ispitivanja.
15:44
The research success that we celebrate today
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Uspijeh istraživanja koji danas slavimo
15:47
has been made possible
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je omogućen
15:49
by the curiosity and contribution and commitment
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radoznalošću i doprinosima i odanosti
15:53
of individual scientists
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individualnih znanstvenika
15:55
and medical pioneers.
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i medicinskih pionira.
15:57
Each one has his story.
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Svaki od njih ima svoju priču.
16:00
My story has been about my journey
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Moja priča je bila o mom putovanju
16:03
from organs to cells --
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od organa do stanica --
16:05
a journey through controversy,
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putovanje kroz kontroverze,
16:07
inspired by hope --
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inspirirano nadom --
16:09
hope that, as we age,
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nadom da, kako starimo,
16:12
you and I may one day celebrate longevity
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vi i ja možemo jednog dana slaviti dugovječnost
16:15
with an improved quality of life.
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s poboljšanom kavalitetom života.
16:17
Thank you.
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Hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Lim - SurgeonA surgical pioneer in Singapore, Susan Lim is a researcher and entrepreneur.
Why you should listen
Dr Susan Lim is the current Co-chair of the Global Advisory Council of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR). She performed the first successful cadaveric liver transplant for Singapore in 1990, the second woman in the world to have done so at the time .
Her academic recognitions include election as Fellow, Trinity College (2005), University of Melbourne, the Monash University Distinguished Alumnus Award (2006), and an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Medicine by The University of Newcastle, Australia (2007). In 2007, the American Academy of Continuing Medical Education (AACME) 28th award, was named the “Dr Susan Lim Award” for the advancement in Laparoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery. Her more recent public lectures include “Robotic Surgery - Engineering from a surgeon’s perspective”, as visiting scholar to UC Berkeley, and a 2016 TEDx Berkeley talk “The Dawn of a New Ecosystem in Organ Replacement.”
For her humanitarian work, she was recognized in the Australian House of Parliament (House of Representatives Official Hansard no. 17, 2005) for treating Australian victims of the second Bali bomb blast. In giving back to society, the family have established the Dr. Susan Lim Endowment for Education and Research, which supports medical and research scholarships at Trinity College, University of Melbourne, the University of Newcastle, Australia, and the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).
Susan Lim | Speaker | TED.com