TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
Philip Zimbardo: Nestajanje muškaraca?
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Psiholog Philip Zimbardo pita: "Zašto su dečki neuspješni?" Pokazuje nam statistike koje na to ukazuju (manji broj diplomiranih, veće brige u intimnosti i odnosima), govori o nekoliko mogućih razloga i -- traži vašu pomoć! Pogledajte njegov govor, a zatim ispunite ovaj kratki upitnik sa 10 pitanja: http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
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Želim da se danas osvrnemo
00:17
on the demise of guys.
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na nestajanje muškaraca.
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
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Muškarci propadaju u školama,
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
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nestaju iz društva djevojaka
00:23
and sexually with women.
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i iz seksa sa ženama.
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
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Osim toga, nema previše problema.
00:28
So what's the data?
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Dakle, kakvi su podaci?
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
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Podaci o propadanju u školama su nevjerojatni.
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
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Vjerojatnost da će dečki prekinuti školovanje
00:34
to drop out of school.
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je za 30 posto veća nego kod djevojaka.
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
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U Kanadi, školu prekida pet dječaka na svake tri djevojke.
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
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Djevojke su bolje od dječaka na svakoj razini,
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
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od osnovne škole do fakulteta.
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
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Razlika je čak 10 posto
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
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u stizanju do diplome, na svim dodiplomskim studijima,
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
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toliko dečki zaostaju za djevojkama.
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
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Dvije trećine učenika u programima specijalnog obrazovanja su dečki.
00:55
And as you all know,
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I kao što svi znate,
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
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vjerojatnost je pet puta veća nego kod djevojaka
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
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da se dečkima pripiše poremećaj nedostatka pažnje --
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
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i onda ih drogiramo Ritalinom.
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
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Koji su dokazi nestajanja?
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
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Prvo, tu je novi strah od bliskosti.
01:08
Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
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Bliskost je tjelesna i emocionalna povezanost
01:11
with somebody else --
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s nekim drugim --
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
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a naročito s nekim suprotnog spola
01:16
who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
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koji daje dvosmislene, kontradiktorne,
01:18
phosphorescent signals.
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svjetlosne signale.
01:20
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:24
And every year there's research done
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Svake godine provodi se istraživanje
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
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o razini stida kod sveučilišnih studenata.
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
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Vidimo da to stabilno raste kod muškaraca.
01:31
And this is two kinds.
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Postoje dvije vrste stidljivosti.
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
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Postoji društvena nezgrapnost.
01:35
The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
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Stara stidljivost je bila strah od odbijanja.
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It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
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Ovo je kao da ste stranac u nekoj stranoj zemlji.
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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Ne znaju što da kažu, ne znaju što da rade,
01:42
especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
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naročito kada se nađu nasamo s pripadnicom suprotnog spola.
01:45
They don't know the language of face contact,
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Ne znaju jezik kontakta licem,
01:48
the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
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neverbalni i verbalni skup pravila
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that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
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koji vam omogućava da ugodno pričate s nekim drugim,
01:53
listen to somebody else.
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slušate nekoga drugoga.
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
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Postoji nešto što razvijam i što sam nazvao sindromom društvenog intenziteta,
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
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kojim pokušavam otkriti zašto dečki preferiraju
02:00
male bonding over female mating.
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muško druženje umjesto susreta sa ženama.
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
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Ispostavlja se da od najranijeg djetinjstva
02:05
boys, and then men,
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dečki, koji poslije postaju muškarcima,
02:07
prefer the company of guys --
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preferiraju muško društvo --
02:09
physical company.
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boravak u društvu muškaraca.
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
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Tu se zapravo radi o kortikalnom nadražaju,
02:14
because guys have been with guys
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jer dečki su s dečkima
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
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u ekipama, klubovima, bandama, bratstvima,
02:19
especially in the military, and then in pubs.
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naročito u vojsci, a zatim u krčmama.
02:22
And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
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A vrhunac toga je završnica nogometnog prvenstva
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
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kada su dečki u baru s neznancima i radije gledaju
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
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previše odjevenog Aarona Rodgersa iz Green Bay Packersa,
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
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nego Jennifer Lopez potpuno golu u spavaćoj sobi.
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
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Problem je u tome što sada preferiraju
02:36
[the] asynchronistic Internet world
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asinkronističan svijet Interneta
02:38
to the spontaneous interaction
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umjesto spontanih interakcija
02:40
in social relationships.
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u međuljudskim odnosima.
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
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Koji su uzroci? I to je nenamjerna posljedica.
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
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Mislim da je uzrok prekomjerno korištenje Interneta općenito,
02:48
excessive new access to pornography.
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prekomjerno igranje video igara, i najnovije, prekomjeran pristup pornografiji.
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
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Problem je u tome što su to ovisnosti nadražaja.
02:55
Drug addiction, you simply want more.
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Kod ovisnosti o drogi jednostavno želiš više.
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Arousal addiction, you want different.
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Kod ovisnosti o nadražaju, želiš drugačije.
02:59
Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
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Droga: želiš više istoga -- ovdje drugačije.
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
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Potrebno je nešto novo kako bi nadražaj bio zadržan.
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
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A problem je što industrija to nudi.
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
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Jane McGonigal nam je prošle godine rekla
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that by the time a boy is 21,
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da dječak do svoje 21. godine
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
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odigra 10.000 sati video igara,
03:13
most of that in isolation.
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većinu toga u izolaciji.
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
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Sjetit ćete se, Cindy Gallop nam je rekla
03:17
men don't know the difference
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da muškarci ne znaju razliku
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
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između vođenja ljubavi i pornografije.
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
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Prosječni dječak sada gleda 50 pornografskih video snimki tjedno.
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
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A negdje, netko odgleda i stotinu, naravno.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
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Pornografska industrija je najbrže rastuća industrija u Americi --
03:33
15 billion annually.
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15 milijardi godišnje.
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
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Na svakih 400 filmova napravljenih u Hollywoodu,
03:37
there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
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sada imamo 11.000 pornografskih filmova.
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
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Ishod je, ukratko,
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
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ta nova vrsta nadražaja.
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
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Mozgovi dječaka su digitalno prespojeni na totalno drugačiji način
03:47
for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
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i traže promjene, novitete, uzbuđenje i stalne nadražaje.
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
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To znači da su potpno neusklađeni s tradicionalnim razredima,
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
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koji su analogni, statički, interaktivno pasivni.
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
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Također su potpuno neusklađeni
03:57
in romantic relationships,
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u romantičnim odnosima,
03:59
which build gradually and subtly.
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koje se gradi postupno i suptilno.
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
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I koje je rješenje? To nije moj posao.
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
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Ja ukazujem na problem. Vaš je posao da ga riješite.
04:05
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:08
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
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Ali tko bi se trebao zabrinuti? Jedini ljudi koji bi trebali brinuti o ovome
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
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su roditelji dječaka i djevojčica,
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
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prosvjetni radnici, proizvođači igara i filmova,
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and women who would like a real man
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i žene koji bi htjele pravog muškarca
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
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s kojim mogu pričati, s kojim mogu plesati,
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who can make love slowly
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koji može voditi ljubav polako
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and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
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i doprinositi evolucijskim pritiscima
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to keep our species above banana slugs.
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da našu vrstu održi iznad banana puža.
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
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Bez uvrede vlasnicima banana puževa. Hvala vam.
04:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com