TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
フィリップ・ジンバルド 「男の消滅？」
Filmed:
Readability: 5.3
2,470,575 views
心理学者フィリップ・ジンバルドは問いかけます。「なぜ男子は苦労しているのか？」 彼はいくつかの統計（女子より低い卒業率、社交性や人間関係についての心配事）を見せてその理由を述べます。そして、あなたの助けを求めています！この話を聞いた後に、以下のURLで10個ほどの質問に答えていただきたいです。http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
0
0
2000
では男の消滅について
00:17
on the demise of guys.
1
2000
2000
真剣に考えてみましょう
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
2
4000
2000
男は学業で失敗します
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
3
6000
2000
女との交際もしませんし
00:23
and sexually with women.
4
8000
2000
セックスもしません
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
5
10000
3000
他には特に問題もないのですが
00:28
So what's the data?
6
13000
2000
データを見てみましょう
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
7
15000
2000
退学のデータは顕著です
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
8
17000
2000
男子は女子より30%も
00:34
to drop out of school.
9
19000
2000
多く退学するようです
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
10
21000
3000
カナダでは女子3人に対し男子5人です
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
11
24000
2000
小学校から大学院まで全て
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
12
26000
2000
女子の方が優秀なのです
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
13
28000
2000
あるデータによると
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
14
30000
3000
文学士や他の大学院プログラムでは
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
15
33000
3000
男子は女子に10％も劣っています
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
16
36000
4000
特別補習講座を受けている学生の3分の2が男子です
00:55
And as you all know,
17
40000
2000
ご存じの通り
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
18
42000
2000
男子は女子より5倍も多く
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
19
44000
2000
多動性障害と診断されます
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
20
46000
3000
そのため彼らにリタリンを投与します
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
21
49000
2000
失敗の兆候は何でしょうか
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
22
51000
2000
まずは触れ合いへの恐れです
01:08
Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
23
53000
3000
触れ合いが意味するものは他人との
01:11
with somebody else --
24
56000
2000
物理的・感情的な関わりで
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
25
58000
3000
特に曖昧で矛盾的でリン光を発するような
01:16
who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
26
61000
2000
性的合図を出している
01:18
phosphorescent signals.
27
63000
2000
異性との関わりです
01:20
(Laughter)
28
65000
4000
(笑)
01:24
And every year there's research done
29
69000
2000
毎年研究が行われいて
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
30
71000
3000
大学生が自白する内気具合を調べています
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
31
74000
2000
男子ではそれが上昇傾向です
01:31
And this is two kinds.
32
76000
2000
これは2種類あります
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
33
78000
2000
それは社会的不適応です
01:35
The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
34
80000
2000
昔の内気は拒絶への恐れでした
01:37
It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
35
82000
2000
見知らぬ土地にいるようです
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
36
84000
3000
言うべき事もするべき事もわかりません
01:42
especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
37
87000
3000
特に1対1で異性と対面する場合です
01:45
They don't know the language of face contact,
38
90000
3000
彼らは対面して話す方法を知りません
01:48
the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
39
93000
2000
心置きなく他人と話したり
01:50
that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
40
95000
3000
他人に耳を傾けるためのルールを
01:53
listen to somebody else.
41
98000
2000
彼らは知らないのです
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
42
100000
3000
私は社会的強度症候群について研究していて
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
43
103000
2000
男が女との交配よりも
02:00
male bonding over female mating.
44
105000
3000
男同士での集まりを好む原因を探っています
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
45
108000
2000
結果として 幼少期から
02:05
boys, and then men,
46
110000
2000
少年期そして成人期と
02:07
prefer the company of guys --
47
112000
2000
彼らは男友達を好むことが
02:09
physical company.
48
114000
2000
わかりました
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
49
116000
3000
そして実際に皮質性の刺激があるのです
02:14
because guys have been with guys
50
119000
2000
男はいつも男同士でいます
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
51
121000
3000
チーム・クラブ・ギャング・フラタニティ等で
02:19
especially in the military, and then in pubs.
52
124000
3000
特に軍隊やパブではそれが目に見えます
02:22
And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
53
127000
2000
スーパーボウルの日は顕著で
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
54
129000
3000
男は見知らぬ人とバーで過ごします
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
55
132000
4000
彼らは寝室でジェニファー・ロペスの全裸を見るより
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
56
136000
3000
パッカーズの防具姿のアーロンを見たいのです
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
57
139000
2000
問題なのは彼らが現在
02:36
[the] asynchronistic Internet world
58
141000
2000
実社会での自然な繋がりより
02:38
to the spontaneous interaction
59
143000
2000
非同期なネットの世界を
02:40
in social relationships.
60
145000
2000
好むのです
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
61
147000
3000
原因は予期せぬ結果でした
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
62
150000
3000
それはインターネットやゲームのやり過ぎや
02:48
excessive new access to pornography.
63
153000
4000
過剰なまでのアダルトサイトへのアクセスだと思います
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
64
157000
3000
皮質性中毒が問題となっています
02:55
Drug addiction, you simply want more.
65
160000
2000
薬物中毒は量の問題ですが
02:57
Arousal addiction, you want different.
66
162000
2000
皮質性中毒は種類の問題で
02:59
Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
67
164000
2000
量は解決になりません
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
68
166000
3000
つまり欲求を満たすために真新しさが必要です
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
69
169000
3000
問題は産業界がそれを提供していることです
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
70
172000
2000
ジェーン・マクゴニガルによれば
03:09
that by the time a boy is 21,
71
174000
2000
男子は21歳を迎えるまでに
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
72
176000
2000
ゲームを1万時間もやり
03:13
most of that in isolation.
73
178000
2000
そのほとんどの時間が孤独です
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
74
180000
2000
また 男は愛を営むことと
03:17
men don't know the difference
75
182000
3000
ポルノをすることの違いを理解していないと
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
76
185000
2000
シンディ・ギャロップは言いました
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
77
187000
3000
平均的な男子は週に50個もエロ動画を観ます
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
78
190000
3000
当たり前ですが週に100個観る男もいます
03:28
(Laughter)
79
193000
2000
(笑)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
80
195000
3000
ポルノ業界はアメリカで急速に成長しています
03:33
15 billion annually.
81
198000
2000
年間150億ドルです
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
82
200000
2000
映画が400個できる頃には
03:37
there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
83
202000
3000
エロ動画は11,000個も作られます
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
84
205000
2000
早くもその影響はでて
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
85
207000
2000
新種の性的興奮となりました
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
86
209000
3000
男子の脳は新しい配線にデジタルで繋がれ
03:47
for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
87
212000
3000
変化・真新しさ・普遍の性的興奮を求めます
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
88
215000
3000
つまり アナログで静止している従来の類には
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
89
218000
2000
完全に同期していないのです
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
90
220000
2000
彼らはまた 徐々に育んでいく
03:57
in romantic relationships,
91
222000
2000
ロマンチックな関係にも
03:59
which build gradually and subtly.
92
224000
2000
同期できていないのです
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
93
226000
2000
ただ 私は警告するだけです
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
94
228000
2000
解決策は自分で見つけて下さい
04:05
(Laughter)
95
230000
3000
(笑)
04:08
(Applause)
96
233000
2000
(拍手)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
97
235000
3000
だが誰の責任でしょうか おそらく両親や
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
98
238000
2000
教育者 ゲーマー 映画製作者
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
99
240000
2000
真の男が好きな女です
04:17
and women who would like a real man
100
242000
2000
真の男と言うのは
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
101
244000
2000
話せて 踊れて
04:21
who can make love slowly
102
246000
2000
ゆっくりと愛の営みができ
04:23
and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
103
248000
2000
我々の進化に貢献できる者です
04:25
to keep our species above banana slugs.
104
250000
3000
それにより 人間はナメクジより優勢でしょう
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
105
253000
2000
悪気はないです 有難うございました
04:30
(Applause)
106
255000
10000
(拍手)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com