TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
Philip Zimbardo: Úpadok chalanov?
Filmed:
Readability: 5.3
2,470,575 views
Psychológ Philip Zimbardo sa pýta: "Prečo sa chalani trápia?" Delí sa o pár štatistík (nižšie percento vyštudovaných, väčšie obavy z intimity a vzťahov) a navrhuje pár príčin -- a prosí vás o pomoc! Pozrite si túto prednášku a vyplňte krátky 10-otázkový dotazník: http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey (Pozn.: Medzičasom už bol tento prieskum ukončený.).
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
0
0
2000
Dnes by som sa chcel zamerať
00:17
on the demise of guys.
1
2000
2000
na úpadok chalanov.
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
2
4000
2000
Chlapi vyhorievajú akademicky,
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
3
6000
2000
nezvládajú to sociálne s dievčatami
00:23
and sexually with women.
4
8000
2000
a sexuálne so ženami.
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
5
10000
3000
Odhliadnuc od toho, tu nie sú žiadne problémy.
00:28
So what's the data?
6
13000
2000
Takže, aké sú dáta?
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
7
15000
2000
Čísla o nedokončení škôl sú udivujúce.
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
8
17000
2000
Chlapci o 30% častejšie ako dievčatá
00:34
to drop out of school.
9
19000
2000
nedokončia školu.
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
10
21000
3000
V Kanade 5 chlapcov nedokončí školu na každé 3 dievčatá.
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
11
24000
2000
Dievčatá dnes prekonávajú chlapcov na každej úrovni -
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
12
26000
2000
od základnej po vysoké školy.
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
13
28000
2000
Je 10-percentný rozdiel
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
14
30000
3000
v získavaní bakalárov a druhostupňových programov -
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
15
33000
3000
chlapci zaostávajú za dievčatami.
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
16
36000
4000
Dve tretiny študentov v prípravných kurzoch na vysoké školy sú chlapci.
00:55
And as you all know,
17
40000
2000
A ako všetci viete,
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
18
42000
2000
chlapci majú 5-krát väčšiu šancu
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
19
44000
2000
byť označení poruchou nedostatku pozornosti ako dievčatá -
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
20
46000
3000
a preto ich drogujeme Ritalinom.
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
21
49000
2000
Aké sú dôkazy o tomto totálnom prevalcovaní?
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
22
51000
2000
Po prvé, je to nový strach z intimity.
01:08
Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
23
53000
3000
Intimita znamená fyzické, emocionálne spojenie
01:11
with somebody else --
24
56000
2000
s niekým iným -
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
25
58000
3000
a špeciálne s niekým opačného pohlavia,
01:16
who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
26
61000
2000
kto vydáva nejasné, protichodné,
01:18
phosphorescent signals.
27
63000
2000
fosforeskujúce signály.
01:20
(Laughter)
28
65000
4000
(Smiech)
01:24
And every year there's research done
29
69000
2000
A každý rok sa robí výskum
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
30
71000
3000
samo-oznamovanej plachosti medzi vysokoškolákmi.
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
31
74000
2000
A vidíme jej stabilný nárast medzi mužmi.
01:31
And this is two kinds.
32
76000
2000
Sú to dva druhy:
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
33
78000
2000
je to sociálna rozpačitosť.
01:35
The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
34
80000
2000
Stará hanblivosť bola strachom z odmietnutia.
01:37
It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
35
82000
2000
Sociálna rozpačitosť je, ako keď ste cudzincom v inej krajine.
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
36
84000
3000
Nevedia čo povedať, nevedia čo urobiť,
01:42
especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
37
87000
3000
obzvlášť zoči-voči opačnému pohlaviu.
01:45
They don't know the language of face contact,
38
90000
3000
Nepoznajú jazyk kontaktu tvári,
01:48
the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
39
93000
2000
neverbálne a verbálne pravidlá,
01:50
that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
40
95000
3000
ktoré umožňujú príjemne sa rozprávať s niekým iným,
01:53
listen to somebody else.
41
98000
2000
počúvať niekoho iného.
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
42
100000
3000
Pracujem na niečom, čo sa volá syndróm sociálnej intenzity,
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
43
103000
2000
ktorý má vysvetliť, prečo chlapi preferujú
02:00
male bonding over female mating.
44
105000
3000
putá s mužmi pred priatelením sa so ženami.
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
45
108000
2000
Ukazuje sa, že od ranného detstva
02:05
boys, and then men,
46
110000
2000
chlapci, a potom muži,
02:07
prefer the company of guys --
47
112000
2000
preferujú spoločnosť chalanov -
02:09
physical company.
48
114000
2000
fyzickú spoločnosť.
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
49
116000
3000
A je to vlastne kortikálny podnet, ktorý pozorujeme,
02:14
because guys have been with guys
50
119000
2000
lebo chalani boli s chalanmi
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
51
121000
3000
v tímoch, v kluboch, v gangoch, v bratstvách,
02:19
especially in the military, and then in pubs.
52
124000
3000
obzvlášť v armáde a potom v krčmách.
02:22
And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
53
127000
2000
Vrcholí to v nedeľu, keď je Super Bowl,
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
54
129000
3000
keď by chalani boli radšej v bare s neznámi luďmi,
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
55
132000
4000
sledujúc naobliekaného Aarona Rodgersa z Green Bay Packers,
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
56
136000
3000
ako Jennifer Lopez úplne nahú v spálni.
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
57
139000
2000
Problém je, že teraz preferujú
02:36
[the] asynchronistic Internet world
58
141000
2000
asynchrónny svet Internetu
02:38
to the spontaneous interaction
59
143000
2000
nad spontánnou interakciou
02:40
in social relationships.
60
145000
2000
v sociálnych vzťahoch.
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
61
147000
3000
Čo sú príčiny tohto stavu? Nuž, je to nezamýšľaný dôsledok.
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
62
150000
3000
Myslím, že je to nadužívanie Internetu vo všeobecnosti, nadmerné hranie video hier,
02:48
excessive new access to pornography.
63
153000
4000
nový nadmerný prístup k pornografii.
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
64
157000
3000
Problém je, že toto sú vzrušivé závislosti.
02:55
Drug addiction, you simply want more.
65
160000
2000
S drogovou závislosťou proste chcete viac.
02:57
Arousal addiction, you want different.
66
162000
2000
So vzrušivou závislosťou, to chcete inak.
02:59
Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
67
164000
2000
Drogy - to chcete viac toho istého - inak.
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
68
166000
3000
Potrebujete novinky, aby sa vzrušenie udržalo.
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
69
169000
3000
A problémom je, že tento humbug ju dodáva.
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
70
172000
2000
Jane McGonigal nám minulý rok povedala,
03:09
that by the time a boy is 21,
71
174000
2000
že keď má chlapec 21 rokov,
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
72
176000
2000
už hral 10 000 hodín video hier,
03:13
most of that in isolation.
73
178000
2000
väčšinu z toho v izolácii.
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
74
180000
2000
Ako si pamätáte, Cindy Gallop povedala,
03:17
men don't know the difference
75
182000
3000
muži nepoznajú rozdiel
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
76
185000
2000
medzi milovaním a pozeraním porna.
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
77
187000
3000
Priemerný chlapec teraz pozerá 50 porno klipov za týždeň.
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
78
190000
3000
A určite sú niektorí, ktorí pozerajú 100.
03:28
(Laughter)
79
193000
2000
(Smiech)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
80
195000
3000
A porno priemysel je najrýchlejšie rastúcim v Amerike -
03:33
15 billion annually.
81
198000
2000
15 miliárd ročne.
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
82
200000
2000
Na každých 400 filmov z Hollywoodu
03:37
there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
83
202000
3000
je v súčasnosti vyrobených 11 000 porno videí.
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
84
205000
2000
Efektom je, veľmi rýchlo,
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
85
207000
2000
že je to nový druh vzruchu.
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
86
209000
3000
Chlapčenské mozgy sú digitálne predrôtovavané úplne novým spôsobom
03:47
for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
87
212000
3000
na zmenu, novosť, nadšenie a konštantné vzrušenie.
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
88
215000
3000
To znamená, že sú totálne mimo v klasických kategóriách,
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
89
218000
2000
ktoré sú analógové, statické, interakčne pasívne.
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
90
220000
2000
Sú tiež úplne mimo
03:57
in romantic relationships,
91
222000
2000
v romantických vzťahoch,
03:59
which build gradually and subtly.
92
224000
2000
ktoré sa budujú postupne a decentne.
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
93
226000
2000
Takže, aké je riešenie? To nie je moja práca.
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
94
228000
2000
Ja robím poplach. Je vašou prácou to vyriešiť.
04:05
(Laughter)
95
230000
3000
(Smiech)
04:08
(Applause)
96
233000
2000
(Potlesk)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
97
235000
3000
Ale komu by malo na tom záležať? Jediní ľudia, ktorým by malo na tom záležať
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
98
238000
2000
sú rodičia chlapcov a dievčat,
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
99
240000
2000
učitelia, hráči, tvorcovia filmov
04:17
and women who would like a real man
100
242000
2000
a ženy, ktoré by chceli skutočného muža,
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
101
244000
2000
s ktorým sa môžu rozprávať, ktorý vie tancovať,
04:21
who can make love slowly
102
246000
2000
ktorý vie milovať pomaly
04:23
and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
103
248000
2000
a prispieva k evolučným tlakom,
04:25
to keep our species above banana slugs.
104
250000
3000
aby sa náš druh udržal nad slizkými slimákmi.
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
105
253000
2000
Bez urážky voči majiteľom slizkých slimákov. Ďakujem!
04:30
(Applause)
106
255000
10000
(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com