TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
Philip Zimbardo: Kejatuhan Kaum Adam?
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Pakar psikologi Philip Zimbardo bertanya, "Kenapa para lelaki dalam kesukaran?" Beliau berkongsi beberapa data statistik (kadar graduasi rendah, kekhuatiran mengenai hubungan dan keintiman) dan mencadangkan beberapa sebab --dan beliau juga akan meminta bantuan anda! Tonton ceramah beliau, kemudian ambil 10 soalan pendek kaji selidiknya : http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
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Pada Hari ini, saya mahu kita mencerminkan semula
00:17
on the demise of guys.
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mengenai kejatuhan kaum Adam.
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
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Lelaki hari ini semakin mundur dari segi akademik;
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
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Mereka gagal berhubung dengan wanita secara sosial
00:23
and sexually with women.
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dan secara seksual.
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
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Selain itu, tiada lagi masalah.
00:28
So what's the data?
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Jadi, apakah datanya?
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
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Data mengenai berhenti sekolah adalah amat menakjubkan.
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
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30 peratus lelaki lebih berkemungkinan dari perempuan
00:34
to drop out of school.
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untuk berhenti sekolah.
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
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Di Canada, untuk setiap tiga perempuan, lima lelaki akan tercicir.
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
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Perempuan lebih berjaya dari lelaki dalam setiap bidang,
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
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dari sekolah rendah hingga ke universiti.
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
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Terdapat 10 peratus perbezaan
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
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antara mempunyai BA's dan semua program ijazah sarjana muda,
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
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yang lelakinya ketinggalan.
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
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Dua per tiga pelajar dalam program khas pemulihan adalah lelaki.
00:55
And as you all know,
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Dan seperti yang anda semua tahu,
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
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lelaki adalah lima kali lebih berkemungkinan daripada perempuan
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
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untuk dilabel sebagai mempunyai defisit gangguan perhatian --
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
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dan kami telah memberikan mereka ubat Ritalin.
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
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Apakah bukti kejatuhan ini?
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
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Pertama, ia adalah ketakutan keintiman yang baru diada-adakan.
01:08
Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
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Keintiman bermaksud secara fizikal yakni perhubungan emosi
01:11
with somebody else --
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dengan orang lain --
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
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terutama dengan orang yang berbeza jantina
01:16
who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
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yang memberikan kita petunjuk
01:18
phosphorescent signals.
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yang samar-samar dan bercanggah.
01:20
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
01:24
And every year there's research done
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Dan pada setiap tahun, ada penyelidikan yang dijalankan
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
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mengenai malu yang dilaporkan dengan rela di kalangan pelajar kolej.
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
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Dan kita melihat peningkatan yang berterusan di kalangan lelaki.
01:31
And this is two kinds.
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Dan ini ada dua jenis.
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
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Ia adalah kejanggalan sosial.
01:35
The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
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Malu yang dahulu adalah disebabkan takut terhadap penolakan.
01:37
It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
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Ia adalah kejanggalan sosial adalah seperti anda berada di luar negara.
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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Mereka tidak tahu apa yang patut diperkatakan,apa yang patut mereka lakukan,
01:42
especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
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lebih-lebih lagi apabila dengan orang yang berbeza jantina.
01:45
They don't know the language of face contact,
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Mereka tidak tahu membaca reaksi muka seseorang,
01:48
the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
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peraturan pertuturan lisan dan tidak lisan
01:50
that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
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yang memberikan kebebasan untuk bercakap secara selesa dengan orang lain,
01:53
listen to somebody else.
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mendengar orang lain bercakap.
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
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Terdapat sesuatu yang saya sedang bangunkan yang dipanggil sebagai sindrom keamatan sosial,
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
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yang mencuba memahami mengapa lelaki hari ini lebih gemar
02:00
male bonding over female mating.
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berhubung dengan lelaki lain berbanding dengan wanita.
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
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Rupa-rupanya, dari zaman kanak-kanak,
02:05
boys, and then men,
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budak lelaki, kini lelaki dewasa,
02:07
prefer the company of guys --
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lebih gemar bersama dengan lelaki --
02:09
physical company.
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bersama dalam satu kumpulan secara fizikal.
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
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Dan sebenarnya terdapat suatu pemangkin kortikal di sini,
02:14
because guys have been with guys
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sebab lelaki yang sentiasa berada dengan lelaki
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
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dalam persatuan, kelab-kelab,dalam kumpulan, dan dalam kumpulan fraterniti,
02:19
especially in the military, and then in pubs.
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lebih-lebih lagi dalam unit askar dan kemudian dalam pub.
02:22
And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
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dan ini terserlah ketika Super Bowl setiap hari Ahad
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
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apabila para lelaki berkumpul dengan orang yang tidak dikenali di bar,
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
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melihat Aaron Rodgers dari Green Bay Packers yang pakaiannya keterlaluan,
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
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daripada melihat Jennifer Lopez bogel dalam bilik tidur.
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
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Masalahya kini mereka lebih gemar
02:36
[the] asynchronistic Internet world
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dunia Internet asychronistic
02:38
to the spontaneous interaction
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daripada interaksi spontan
02:40
in social relationships.
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dalam perhubungan sosial.
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
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Apakah sebabnya? Semestinya, ia adalah akibat yang tidak disengajakan.
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
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Saya rasa ia adalah penggunaan internet yang melampau, dan juga permainan video,
02:48
excessive new access to pornography.
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akses ke laman web porno yang keterlaluan.
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
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Masalahnya adalah ketagihan ghairah.
02:55
Drug addiction, you simply want more.
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Ketagihan dadah, anda jelas mahukan lebih darinya.
02:57
Arousal addiction, you want different.
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Ketagihan ghairah, anda mahukan yang berbeza.
02:59
Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
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Dadah, anda mahu benda yang sama -- berbeza.
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
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Jadi anda perlukan sesuatu yang baru bagi mengekalkan keghairahan itu.
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
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Masalahnya, industri terus membekalkannya.
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
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Jane McGonigal telah memberitahu kita pada tahun lepas
03:09
that by the time a boy is 21,
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sekiranya seorang budak lelaki itu telah mencapai umur 21 tahun,
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
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dia telah meluangkan 10,000 jam bermain permainan video,
03:13
most of that in isolation.
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majoritinya dalam pengasingan.
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
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Seperti yang anda ingat,Cindy Gallop berkata
03:17
men don't know the difference
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lelaki tidak tahu membezakan
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
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antara hubungan intimasi dan melihat bahan lucah
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
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Seorang budak lelaki pada puratanya menonton 50 video lucah setiap minggu.
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
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Malahan nyatanya ada lelaki yang menontonnya beratus kali.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
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Industri pornografi adalah industri yang paling pesat di Amerika --
03:33
15 billion annually.
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nilainya 15 bilion setahun.
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
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Dengan setiap 400 video dikeluarkan di Hollywood,
03:37
there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
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11,000 video pornografi telah dihasilkan.
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
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Jadi akibatnya, terlalu cepat,
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
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ia merupakan cara membangkitkan keghairahan yang baru..
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
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Otak para lelaki telah berubah cara pemikirannya dalam cara baru
03:47
for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
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untuk perubahan, kebaharuan, keseronokan dan keghairahan yang selalu.
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
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Ini bermakna mereka berlainan dari golongan tradisional,
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
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yang lebih analog,statik dan berinteraksi secara pasif.
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
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Mereka juga betul-betul berlainan
03:57
in romantic relationships,
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dalam perhubungan romantis,
03:59
which build gradually and subtly.
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yang terbina secara perlahan-lahan dan secara diam-diam.
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
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Jadi apakah cara penyelesaiannya? Ia bukan lagi kerja saya.
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
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Saya berada di sini untuk menguar-uarkan tetapi andalah yang mencari solusinya.
04:05
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
04:08
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
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Siapakah yang patut mengambil berat? Orang yang patut mengambil berat mengenai perkara ini ialah
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
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ibu bapa kepada anak-anak,
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
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para pendidik, pencipta permainan, pencipta filem
04:17
and women who would like a real man
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dan para wanita yang inginkan lelaki yang berkualiti
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
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yang boleh dibawa berborak, boleh menari
04:21
who can make love slowly
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dan boleh bermadu asmara dengan perlahan-lahan
04:23
and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
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dan menyumbang kepada tekanan evolusi
04:25
to keep our species above banana slugs.
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untuk mengekalkan spesis kita lebih tinggi darjatnya dari siput babi.
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
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Harap pembela siput babi tidak ambil hati. Terima kasih.
04:30
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com