TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
菲利普·津巴多：男性的衰落？
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心理学家菲利普·津巴多提出问题：“为什么男性在挣扎？” 他分享了一些数据（较低的毕业率，对爱情家庭关系的更多的担忧）并提出了几个可能的原因。他还需要你们的帮助！请欣赏他的演讲，并在如下网址 http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey 回应他的简短仅有10题的问卷调查。
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
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今天，我希望各位能认识到
00:17
on the demise of guys.
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男性的衰落
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
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男性在学术成就上正逐渐走向低谷
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
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他们把大多时间都花在和女性社交
00:23
and sexually with women.
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以及两性关系上
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
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除此之外，没有什么大的问题
00:28
So what's the data?
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那么我们来看看数据是怎样的
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
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退学的数据非常惊人
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
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相比于女生
00:34
to drop out of school.
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男生的退学率要高百分之30
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
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在加拿大，每三名退学的女生就对应着五名退学的男生
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
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现在女生在各个教育阶段都赶超了男生
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
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从小学到研究生
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
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相对于女性
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
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男性在获得文科学士和其他研究生项学位上
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
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落后百分之十
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
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在特殊教育和后进学生教育中，三分之二的学生是男生
00:55
And as you all know,
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同时正如你们所了解的
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
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男生被诊断为注意力缺损症的几率
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
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是女生的五倍
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
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因此我们才让他们服用利他林
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
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那么这种衰落有什么迹象吗？
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
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首先，是对亲密关系的新恐惧
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Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
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亲密关系意味着和其他人身体上，感情上的
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with somebody else --
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密切关系
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
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尤其是和异性
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who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
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异性散发出朦胧的，矛盾的
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phosphorescent signals.
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磷光般的信号
01:20
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:24
And every year there's research done
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每年都有研究展开
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
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关于在大学生中出现的羞怯问题
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
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这一问题在男性群体中不断增长
01:31
And this is two kinds.
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并且可分为两种
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
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一种是社会尴尬
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The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
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羞怯是一种对拒绝的恐惧
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It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
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这是一种社会尴尬，就如你是异国土地上的陌生人
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They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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他们不知道该说什么，也不知道该做什么
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especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
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尤其是和异性一对一交流的时候
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They don't know the language of face contact,
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他们不知道如何进行面对面接触
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the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
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非言语和言语的一套规则
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that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
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这些规则能使你舒适的和他人谈话
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listen to somebody else.
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倾听他人说话
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
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我试图阐明的称作社交强度综合症
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
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它对为什么男性重视男性间联结
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male bonding over female mating.
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超过对女性伴侣的感情做出一个合理解释
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
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因为从童年的最初期开始
02:05
boys, and then men,
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男孩，随之男人
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prefer the company of guys --
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喜欢男性的陪同
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physical company.
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身体上的同伴
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
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我们看到的其实是一种皮层兴奋
02:14
because guys have been with guys
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因为男生总是和其他男生一起
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
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在运动队中，在社团中，在群体中，在兄弟会中
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especially in the military, and then in pubs.
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尤其是在军队里，或酒吧里
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And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
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这种现象在超级杯周日赛中会达到高峰
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
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此时男生更乐意在酒吧里和陌生人在一起
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
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看穿的密密实实的绿湾包装工的艾伦·罗杰
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
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而不是在卧室里一丝不挂的珍妮佛·洛佩兹
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
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问题是现在他们喜欢
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[the] asynchronistic Internet world
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虚幻的网络世界
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to the spontaneous interaction
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而不是社交关系中
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in social relationships.
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真实的互动
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What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
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原因是什么？其实这是一个意料之外的后果
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
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我想是因为过量的网络使用，过量的电子游戏
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excessive new access to pornography.
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过量的得到色情电影的新途径
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The problem is these are arousal addictions.
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问题是这些是兴奋成瘾
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Drug addiction, you simply want more.
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有毒瘾，你就想要更多毒品
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Arousal addiction, you want different.
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兴奋成瘾，你想要不同的兴奋体验
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Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
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毒品，你想要的是同一个东西－－不同
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So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
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因此你需要新奇感来持续这种兴奋
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And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
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问题是有产业来满足这种需求
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Jane McGonigal told us last year
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简·麦克格尼高去年告诉我们
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that by the time a boy is 21,
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当一个男生21岁的时候
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he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
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他已经玩了10000小时的电子游戏
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most of that in isolation.
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大多都是在隔离的情况下独自一人
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As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
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如你所知，辛迪·盖洛普说
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men don't know the difference
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男人不知道
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between making love and doing porn.
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做爱和看色情电影的区别
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The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
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现在的男生平均一周看50个色情视频
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And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
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明显地，也有一些男生每周看100个
03:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
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色情工业是如今美国发展最快的工业
03:33
15 billion annually.
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每年盈利150亿
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
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好莱坞每制作400部电影
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there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
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就有11000个色情视频制作好了
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So the effect, very quickly,
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因此这导致快速得
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is it's a new kind of arousal.
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供给新的兴奋
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Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
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男生的大脑被以全新的方式数字化重组
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for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
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为了变化，新奇感，激动以及经常性的兴奋
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That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
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这意味着他们完全脱离了传统的类型
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which are analog, static, interactively passive.
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传统分类是模拟的，静态的，交互被动的
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They're also totally out of sync
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他们也完全脱离了
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in romantic relationships,
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逐步巧妙构建的
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which build gradually and subtly.
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浪漫的男女关系
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So what's the solution? It's not my job.
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那么解决方案是什么？这不是我的工作
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
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我在这里是为了提醒，解决这问题是你们的工作
04:05
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:08
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
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但谁应该顾虑？应该考虑这个问题的人
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is parents of boys and girls,
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是孩子们的父母
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educators, gamers, filmmakers
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教育者，游戏者，电影制作者
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and women who would like a real man
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以及想遇到真正男人的女性
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who they can talk to, who can dance,
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他们可以一起交谈，跳舞
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who can make love slowly
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可以舒缓的做爱
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and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
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为进化的压力做出一份贡献
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to keep our species above banana slugs.
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保持我们的种族优越于香蕉蛞蝓
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
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无意冒犯香蕉蛞蝓饲主。谢谢
04:30
(Applause)
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(掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com