TEDMED 2012
Robert Gupta: Between music and medicine
Robert Gupta: Između glazbe i medicine
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Kada se Robert Gupta našao između karijere liječnika i karijere violinista, shvatio je da je njegovo mjesto bilo u sredini, s gudalom u ruci i osjećajem za socijalnu pravdu u srcu. On priča dirljivu priču o isključenima iz društva i o moći muzikoterapije koja može izlječiti tamo gdje konvencionalna medicina zataji.
Robert Gupta - Violinist
Violinist Robert Gupta joined the LA Philharmonic at the age of 19 -- and maintains a passionate parallel interest in neurobiology and mental health issues. He's a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Violinist Robert Gupta joined the LA Philharmonic at the age of 19 -- and maintains a passionate parallel interest in neurobiology and mental health issues. He's a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:23
(Music)
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(Glazba)
02:38
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
02:41
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Najljepša vam hvala. (Pljesak)
02:47
Thank you. It's a distinct privilege to be here.
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Hvala vam. Posebna je privilegija biti ovdje.
02:50
A few weeks ago, I saw a video on YouTube
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Prije nekoliko tjedana, pogledao sam na YouTube-u video
02:52
of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords
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o kongresnici Gabielle Giffords
02:55
at the early stages of her recovery
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u ranijim stadijima njezinog oporavka
02:57
from one of those awful bullets.
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od jednog od onih groznih projektila.
02:59
This one entered her left hemisphere, and
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Ovaj je ušao u njezinu lijevu hemisferu, i
03:01
knocked out her Broca's area, the speech center of her brain.
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uništio joj Brokin predio, centar za govor u njezinom mozgu.
03:05
And in this session, Gabby's working with a speech therapist,
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U dotičnom tretmanu Gabby radi sa govornim terapeutom,
03:08
and she's struggling to produce
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i bori se ne bi li proizvela
03:10
some of the most basic words, and you can see her
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neke od osnovnih riječi, i možete primjetiti kako
03:13
growing more and more devastated, until she ultimately
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joj je sve teže i teže, sve dok se na kraju
03:17
breaks down into sobbing tears, and she starts sobbing
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potpuno ne slomi i počne jecati
03:19
wordlessly into the arms of her therapist.
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bez riječi na rukama svog terapeuta.
03:23
And after a few moments, her therapist tries a new tack,
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I nakon nekoliko trenutaka njezin terapeut pokušava sa novom tehnikom,
03:26
and they start singing together,
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i oni počinju pjevati skupa,
03:27
and Gabby starts to sing through her tears,
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i Gabby počinje pjevati kroz suze
03:29
and you can hear her clearly able to enunciate
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i možete čuti kako je u stanju jasno izgovarati
03:32
the words to a song that describe the way she feels,
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riječi pjesme koja opisuje njezine osjećaje,
03:35
and she sings, in one descending scale, she sings,
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i ona pjeva, u uzlaznoj skali, ona pjeva,
03:38
"Let it shine, let it shine, let it shine."
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"Neka sija, neka sija, neka sija."
03:41
And it's a very powerful and poignant reminder of how
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I to je vrlo snažan i dirljiv podsjetnik o tomu kako
03:44
the beauty of music has the ability to speak
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ljepota glazbe ima moć govora
03:48
where words fail, in this case literally speak.
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tamo gjde riječi zataje, u ovom slučaju glazba doslovce govori.
03:52
Seeing this video of Gabby Giffords reminded me
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Gledanje ove snimke Gabby Giffords me podsjetilo
03:54
of the work of Dr. Gottfried Schlaug,
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na rad doktora Gottfrieda Schlauga,
03:57
one of the preeminent neuroscientists studying music and the brain at Harvard,
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jednog od istaknutih neurologa koji se bavi proučavanjem glazbe i mozga na Harvardu.
04:01
and Schlaug is a proponent of a therapy called
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Schlaug je pobornik terapije nazvane
04:03
Melodic Intonation Therapy, which has become very popular in music therapy now.
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Melodijska terapija intonacije koja je sada postala vrlo popularna u muzikoterapiji.
04:08
Schlaug found that his stroke victims who were aphasic,
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Schlaug je otkrio da osobe pogođene moždanim udarom i zahvaćene afazijom
04:13
could not form sentences of three- or four-word sentences,
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koje su bile nesposobne da oblikuju rečenice složene od tri ili četiri riječi,
04:17
but they could still sing the lyrics to a song,
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ipak su još uvijek bile u stanju pjevati riječi pjesme,
04:20
whether it was "Happy Birthday To You"
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bilo da je u pitanju "Sretan ti rođendan"
04:22
or their favorite song by the Eagles or the Rolling Stones.
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ili njihova omiljena pjesma Eaglesa ili Rolling Stonesa.
04:25
And after 70 hours of intensive singing lessons,
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I nakon 70 sati intenzivnih satova pjevanja,
04:28
he found that the music was able to literally rewire
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otkrio je da je glazba bila u stanju doslovce ponovno promrežiti
04:32
the brains of his patients and create a homologous
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mozgove njegovih pacijenata i stvoriti odgovarajući
04:34
speech center in their right hemisphere
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centar za govor u njihovoj desnoj hemisferi
04:36
to compensate for the left hemisphere's damage.
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kako bi se naknadilo oštećenje lijeve hemisfere.
04:40
When I was 17, I visited Dr. Schlaug's lab, and in one afternoon
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Kao sedamnaestogodišnjak sam posjetio laboratorij doktora Schlauga, i u jedno popodne
04:43
he walked me through some of the leading research
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proveo me kroz jedno od vodećih istraživanja
04:46
on music and the brain -- how musicians had
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o glazbi i mozgu -- o tome kako su glazbenici imali
04:50
fundamentally different brain structure than non-musicians,
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iz temelja drugačiju strukturu mozga u odnosu na ne-glazbenike
04:53
how music, and listening to music,
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i kako glazba i slušanje glazbe
04:54
could just light up the entire brain, from
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mogu jednostavno osvjetliti cijeli mozak, od
04:56
our prefrontal cortex all the way back to our cerebellum,
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prednjeg mozga pa sve do malog mozga,
05:00
how music was becoming a neuropsychiatric modality
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o tome kako glazba postaje neuropsihijatrijska metoda
05:03
to help children with autism, to help people struggling
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za pomoć autističnoj djeci, za pomoć onima koji se bore
05:06
with stress and anxiety and depression,
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protiv stresa, tjeskobe i depresije,
05:09
how deeply Parkinsonian patients would find that their tremor
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kako se teško oboljelim od parkinsonove bolesti primjetno smirivalo podrhtavanje
05:13
and their gait would steady when they listened to music,
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i hod postajao stabilniji kada bi slušali glazbu,
05:16
and how late-stage Alzheimer's patients, whose dementia
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i kako bi oboljeli od Alzheimerove bolesti, čija je senilnost
05:19
was so far progressed that they could no longer recognize
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toliko uznapredovala da nisu više prepoznavali
05:22
their family, could still pick out a tune by Chopin
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svoju obitelj, još uvijek jasno prepoznavali Chopinovu melodiju
05:25
at the piano that they had learned when they were children.
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za klavir koju su naučili kada su bili djeca.
05:29
But I had an ulterior motive of visiting Gottfried Schlaug,
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Ali imao sam još jedan razlog za posjet Gottfriedu Schlaugu
05:32
and it was this: that I was at a crossroads in my life,
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i bio je to sljedeći: nalazio sam se na raskršću svog života,
05:35
trying to choose between music and medicine.
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pokušavajući izabrati između glazbe i medicine.
05:38
I had just completed my undergraduate, and I was working
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Bio sam upravo završio svoj redoviti studij i radio sam
05:41
as a research assistant at the lab of Dennis Selkoe,
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kao asistent u laboratoriju Dennisa Selkoea,
05:44
studying Parkinson's disease at Harvard, and I had fallen
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proučavao Parkinsonovu bolest na Harvardu, i bio sam se
05:47
in love with neuroscience. I wanted to become a surgeon.
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zaljubio u neurologiju. Htio sam postati kirurg.
05:50
I wanted to become a doctor like Paul Farmer or Rick Hodes,
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Želio sam postati liječnikom poput Paula Farmera ili Ricka Hodesa,
05:54
these kind of fearless men who go into places like Haiti or Ethiopia
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poput tih neustrašivih ljudi koji su odlazili na mjesta kao što su Haiti ili Etiopija
05:58
and work with AIDS patients with multidrug-resistant
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i radili sa oboljelima od AIDS-a s tuberkulozom višestruko otpornom
06:01
tuberculosis, or with children with disfiguring cancers.
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na lijekove, ili s djecom izobličenom od raka.
06:04
I wanted to become that kind of Red Cross doctor,
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Htio sam postati takav ljiečnik Crvenog križa,
06:07
that doctor without borders.
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liječnik bez granica.
06:09
On the other hand, I had played the violin my entire life.
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S druge strane, svirao sam violinu cijelog svog života.
06:13
Music for me was more than a passion. It was obsession.
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Glazba je za mene bila više od strasti. Bila je opsesija.
06:17
It was oxygen. I was lucky enough to have studied
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Bila je kisik. Imao sam sreću studirati
06:20
at the Juilliard School in Manhattan, and to have played
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na Juilliardu (privatna akademija umjetnosti) na Manhattanu, i svirati
06:23
my debut with Zubin Mehta and the Israeli philharmonic orchestra in Tel Aviv,
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svoj prvi koncert sa Zubinom Mehtom i Izraelskim filharmonijskim orkestrom u Tel Avivu
06:27
and it turned out that Gottfried Schlaug
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i ispostavilo se da je Gottfried Schlaug
06:29
had studied as an organist at the Vienna Conservatory,
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studirao za orguljaša na Bečkom konzervatoriju,
06:32
but had given up his love for music to pursue a career
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ali je odustao od svoje ljubavi za glazbu da bi nastavio karijeru
06:35
in medicine. And that afternoon, I had to ask him,
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u medicini. I tog poslijepodneva sam ga upitao:
06:39
"How was it for you making that decision?"
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"Kako ti je bilo donijeti takvu odluku?"
06:41
And he said that there were still times when he wished
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I on je odgovorio da i dalje ponekad zaželi
06:43
he could go back and play the organ the way he used to,
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svirati orgulje kao što je to nekada činio
06:46
and that for me, medical school could wait,
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i da u mom slučaju medicinska škola može pričekati,
06:49
but that the violin simply would not.
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a da violina to jednostavno ne može.
06:52
And after two more years of studying music, I decided
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I nakon još dvije godine glazbenog usavršavanja, odlučio sam
06:54
to shoot for the impossible before taking the MCAT
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pokušati nešto nemoguće prije nego što se pojavim na prijemnom ispitu za medicinu
06:57
and applying to medical school like a good Indian son
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i upišem se na fakultet kao poslušan indijski sin
07:00
to become the next Dr. Gupta. (Laughter)
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ne bi li postao novi Dr Gupta. (smijeh)
07:03
And I decided to shoot for the impossible and I took
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I tako sam odlučio pokušati nemoguće i pojavio sam se
07:05
an audition for the esteemed Los Angeles Philharmonic.
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na audiciji za cijenjenu Los Angeles Filharmoniju.
07:08
It was my first audition, and after three days of playing
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To je bila moja prva audicija, i nakon tri dana sviranja,
07:11
behind a screen in a trial week, I was offered the position.
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iza paravana probnog tjedna, ponudili su mi mjesto.
07:14
And it was a dream. It was a wild dream to perform
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I to je bio san. Bio je ludi san biti dio
07:18
in an orchestra, to perform in the iconic Walt Disney Concert Hall
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orkestra i svirati u kultnoj Walt Disney Concert Hall
07:22
in an orchestra conducted now by the famous Gustavo Dudamel,
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u orkestru kojim sada dirigira poznati Gustavo Dudamel,
07:25
but much more importantly to me to be surrounded
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ali za mene je bilo još daleko važnije to da sam bio okružen
07:28
by musicians and mentors that became my new family,
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glazbenicima i mentorima koji su postali moja nova obitelj,
07:32
my new musical home.
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moj novi glazbeni dom.
07:35
But a year later, I met another musician who had also
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Ali godinu dana kasnije, sreo sam još jednog glazbenika koji je također
07:39
studied at Juilliard, one who profoundly helped me
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studirao na Juilliardu, koji mi je osobito pomogao
07:42
find my voice and shaped my identity as a musician.
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da pronađem svoj način izražavanja i oblikujem svoj glazbeni identitet.
07:46
Nathaniel Ayers was a double bassist at Juilliard, but
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Nathaniel Ayers bio je kontrabasist na Juilliardu, ali
07:50
he suffered a series of psychotic episodes in his early 20s,
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je kao dvadesetogodišnjak patio od serije psihotičnih epizoda,
07:54
was treated with thorazine at Bellevue,
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liječen je kloropromazinom u Bellevueu,
07:56
and ended up living homeless on the streets of Skid Row
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i 30 godina kasnije završio je kao beskućnik na ulicama Skid Rowa (siromašna četvrt)
07:59
in downtown Los Angeles 30 years later.
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u centralnom Los Angelesu.
08:02
Nathaniel's story has become a beacon for homelessness
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Nathanielova sudbina je bacila novo svjetlo na beskućništvo
08:05
and mental health advocacy throughout the United States,
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i na prevenciju mentalnog zdravlja u Sjedinjenim državama,
08:08
as told through the book and the movie "The Soloist,"
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kao što je prikazano u knjizi i u filmu "Solist",
08:10
but I became his friend, and I became his violin teacher,
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ali ja sam postao njegov prijatelj, i postao sam njegov učitelj violine,
08:13
and I told him that wherever he had his violin,
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i rekao sam mu da gdje god bude imao svoju violinu,
08:16
and wherever I had mine, I would play a lesson with him.
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i gde god ja budem imao svoju, da ćemo održati našu lekciju.
08:19
And on the many times I saw Nathaniel on Skid Row,
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I u mnogim prilikama u kojima sam vidio Nathaniela na Skid Rowu,
08:22
I witnessed how music was able to bring him back
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mogao sam se osvjedočiti koliko ga je glazba mogla povratiti
08:24
from his very darkest moments, from what seemed to me
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iz njegovih najcrnjih trenutaka, iz onoga što je meni
08:27
in my untrained eye to be
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i mom neuvježbanom oku izgledalo
08:29
the beginnings of a schizophrenic episode.
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kao početak shizofrenične epizode.
08:33
Playing for Nathaniel, the music took on a deeper meaning,
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Svirajući za Nathaniela, glazba je dobila dublje značenje
08:36
because now it was about communication,
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jer se tu radilo o komunikaciji,
08:39
a communication where words failed, a communication
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komunikaciji tamo gde su riječi zakazale, komunikaciji
08:42
of a message that went deeper than words, that registered
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poruke koja je prodrla dublje od riječi, koja se urezala
08:45
at a fundamentally primal level in Nathaniel's psyche,
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u osnovni primarni nivo Nathanielove psihe,
08:48
yet came as a true musical offering from me.
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i koja je došla kao istinski glazbeni poklon od mene.
08:53
I found myself growing outraged that someone
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Postajao sam sve ogorčeniji jer netko
08:57
like Nathaniel could have ever been homeless on Skid Row
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poput Nathaniela može završiti kao beskućnik na Skid Rowu
09:01
because of his mental illness, yet how many tens of thousands
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radi svoje mentalne bolesti i koliko je još desetaka tisuća
09:04
of others there were out there on Skid Row alone
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drugih bila tamo na Skid Rowu sama
09:07
who had stories as tragic as his, but were never going to have a book or a movie
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sa sudbinom podjednako tragičnom kao što je njegova, ali za razliku od njega nikada neće imati knjigu ili film
09:12
made about them that got them off the streets?
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o sebi koji bi ih mogli maknuti sa ceste.
09:14
And at the very core of this crisis of mine, I felt somehow
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I u samoj srži te svoje krize, osjetio sam kako
09:18
the life of music had chosen me, where somehow,
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je život glazbe izabrao mene, i nekako,
09:22
perhaps possibly in a very naive sense, I felt what Skid Row
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možda vjerojatno u vrlo naivnom smislu, osjetio sam da Skid Row
09:25
really needed was somebody like Paul Farmer
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ima potrebu za nekim poput Paula Farmera,
09:28
and not another classical musician playing on Bunker Hill.
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a ne za još jednim klasičnim glazbenikom koji svira na Bunker Hillu.
09:33
But in the end, it was Nathaniel who showed me
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I na kraju, Nathaniel je bio taj koji mi je pokazao
09:35
that if I was truly passionate about change,
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da ako sam zaista posvećen tome da nešto promjenim,
09:37
if I wanted to make a difference, I already had the perfect instrument to do it,
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ako sam zaista htio stvoriti razliku, već sam imao savršen instrument za to,
09:42
that music was the bridge that connected my world and his.
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i da je glazba bila most koji je povezao moj svijet sa njegovim.
09:46
There's a beautiful quote
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Evo lijepog citata
09:48
by the Romantic German composer Robert Schumann,
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romantičarskog njemačkog kompozitora Roberta Schumanna,
09:51
who said, "To send light into the darkness of men's hearts,
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koji je rekao: "Poslati zraku svjetlosti u tamu ljudskih srdaca,
09:56
such is the duty of the artist."
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to je dužnost umjetnika."
09:58
And this is a particularly poignant quote
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I to je osobito dirljiv citat
10:01
because Schumann himself suffered from schizophrenia
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jer je i sam Schumann patio od shizofrenije
10:03
and died in asylum.
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i umro u utočištu.
10:05
And inspired by what I learned from Nathaniel,
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Inspiriran onim što sam naučio od Nathaniela,
10:08
I started an organization on Skid Row of musicians
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osnovao sam organizaciju glazbenika na Skid Rowu
10:10
called Street Symphony, bringing the light of music
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nazvanu Ulična simfonija, koja donosi svjetlost glazbe
10:13
into the very darkest places, performing
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u najmračnija mjesta, koja svira
10:16
for the homeless and mentally ill at shelters and clinics
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za beskućnike i mentalno bolesne u prihvatilištima i klinikama
10:19
on Skid Row, performing for combat veterans
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na Skid Rowu, koja svira za ratne veterane
10:23
with post-traumatic stress disorder, and for the incarcerated
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sa posttraumatskim stresnim poremećajima i za zatvorenike
10:26
and those labeled as criminally insane.
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i one koji su označeni kao kriminalno ludi.
10:30
After one of our events at the Patton State Hospital
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Nakon jednog od naših koncerata u Državnoj bolnici Patton
10:32
in San Bernardino, a woman walked up to us
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u San Bernardinu, jedna žena nam je prišla
10:35
and she had tears streaming down her face,
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i suze su joj se slivale niz lice,
10:37
and she had a palsy, she was shaking,
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a imala je paralizu, tresla se,
10:40
and she had this gorgeous smile, and she said
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ali je imala i taj predivan osmijeh, i rekla je
10:43
that she had never heard classical music before,
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da nikada prije nije čula klasičnu glazbu,
10:45
she didn't think she was going to like it, she had never
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nije ni pomišljala da bi joj se svidjela, nije nikada ranije
10:47
heard a violin before, but that hearing this music was like hearing the sunshine,
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čula zvuk violine, i da je slušanje ove glazbe bilo poput slušanja sunčeve svjetlosti,
10:51
and that nobody ever came to visit them, and that for the first time in six years,
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i da ih nikada nitko nije posjetio, i da je to bilo prvi put u šest godina,
10:55
when she heard us play, she stopped shaking without medication.
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kada je čula naše sviranje, da se prestala tresti bez pomoći lijekova.
10:59
Suddenly, what we're finding with these concerts,
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Iznenada, ono što smo otkrili ovim koncertima,
11:02
away from the stage, away from the footlights, out
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daleko od pozornice, daleko od reflektora, daleko
11:05
of the tuxedo tails, the musicians become the conduit
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od smokinga, jest da su glazbenici postali sredstvo
11:09
for delivering the tremendous therapeutic benefits
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za uručivanje nevjerovatnih terapeutskih beneficija kojima
11:12
of music on the brain to an audience that would never
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glazba utječe na mozak publike koja nikada ne bi imala priliku
11:15
have access to this room,
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ući u ovu sobu,
11:17
would never have access to the kind of music that we make.
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nikada ne bi imala pristup toj vrsti glazbe koju mi izvodimo.
11:23
Just as medicine serves to heal more
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Kao što medicina služi da bi liječila ne samo
11:26
than the building blocks of the body alone,
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sastavne djelova samoga tijela,
11:30
the power and beauty of music transcends the "E"
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moć i ljepota glazbe nadilazi "E"
11:33
in the middle of our beloved acronym.
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u sredini našeg voljenog akronima.
11:36
Music transcends the aesthetic beauty alone.
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Glazba nadilazi samu estetsku ljepotu.
11:40
The synchrony of emotions that we experience when we
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Usklađivanje emocija koje doživljavamo kada
11:43
hear an opera by Wagner, or a symphony by Brahms,
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slušamo Wagnerovu operu, ili Brahmsovu simfoniju
11:46
or chamber music by Beethoven, compels us to remember
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ili Beethovenovu komornu glazbu, prisiljava nas da se sjetimo
11:50
our shared, common humanity, the deeply communal
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naše zajedničke ljudskosti koju djelimo, duboko zajednički
11:54
connected consciousness, the empathic consciousness
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povezane svijesti, empatične svijesti
11:57
that neuropsychiatrist Iain McGilchrist says is hard-wired
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za koju neuropsihijatar Iain McGilchrist kaže da je jako promrežena
12:01
into our brain's right hemisphere.
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u desnoj hemisferi našega mozga.
12:04
And for those living in the most dehumanizing conditions
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I za one koje žive u vrlo nehumanim uvjetima
12:07
of mental illness within homelessness
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mentalne bolesti unutar beskućništva
12:09
and incarceration, the music and the beauty of music
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i zatvoreništva, glazba i ljepota glazbe
12:12
offers a chance for them to transcend the world around them,
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nude priliku da nadiđu svijet oko sebe
12:17
to remember that they still have the capacity to experience
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i da se podsjete da još uvijek imaju sposobnost doživjeti
12:20
something beautiful and that humanity has not forgotten them.
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nešto predivno i da čovječanstvo nije zaboravilo na njih.
12:24
And the spark of that beauty, the spark of that humanity
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I iskra te ljepote, iskra te ljudskosti
12:27
transforms into hope,
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pretvara se u nadu,
12:30
and we know, whether we choose the path of music
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i znamo, bez obzira jesmo li izabrali put glazbe
12:33
or of medicine, that's the very first thing we must instill
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ili medicine, da je upravo to prva stvar koju moramo usaditi
12:36
within our communities, within our audiences,
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unutar naše zajednice, unutar naše publike
12:38
if we want to inspire healing from within.
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ako želimo potaknuti liječenje iznutra.
12:42
I'd like to end with a quote by John Keats,
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Želio bih završiti citirajući Johna Keatsa,
12:44
the Romantic English poet,
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romantičnog engleskog pjesnika,
12:46
a very famous quote that I'm sure all of you know.
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to je poznat citat za kojeg sam uvjeren da svi vi poznajete.
12:49
Keats himself had also given up a career in medicine
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I sam Keats je također odustao od medicinske karijere
12:52
to pursue poetry, but he died when he was a year older than me.
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da bi se bavio poezijom, ali je umro kada je imao godinu dana više od mene.
12:56
And Keats said, "Beauty is truth, and truth beauty.
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I Keats je rekao: "Ljepota je istina, istina je ljepota.
13:01
That is all ye know on Earth, and all ye need to know."
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To je sve što znaš i sve što trebaš znati."
13:10
(Music)
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(Glazba)
15:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Gupta - ViolinistViolinist Robert Gupta joined the LA Philharmonic at the age of 19 -- and maintains a passionate parallel interest in neurobiology and mental health issues. He's a TED Senior Fellow.
Why you should listen
Violinist Robert Vijay Gupta joined the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the age of 19. He made his solo debut, at age 11, with the Israel Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta. He has a Master's in music from Yale. But his undergraduate degree? Pre-med. As an undergrad, Gupta was part of several research projects in neuro- and neurodegenerative biology. He held Research Assistant positions at CUNY Hunter College in New York City, where he worked on spinal cord neuronal regeneration, and at the Harvard Institutes of Medicine Center for Neurologic Diseases, where he studied the biochemical pathology of Parkinson's disease.
Gupta is passionate about education and outreach, both as a musician and as an activist for mental health issues. He has the privilege of working with Nathaniel Ayers, the brilliant, schizophrenic musician featured in "The Soloist," as his violin teacher.
Robert Gupta | Speaker | TED.com