TEDMED 2012
Robert Gupta: Between music and medicine
Robert Gupta: 音乐与医学
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Robert Gupta在医生和小提琴家两个职业选择中举棋不定，他后来发现适合他的位置是在两者中间。他手持琴弓，心怀社会公义。他讲述的关于社会边缘人群的故事，令人动容，而音乐疗法有比传统医学无法达到的作用。
Robert Gupta - Violinist
Violinist Robert Gupta joined the LA Philharmonic at the age of 19 -- and maintains a passionate parallel interest in neurobiology and mental health issues. He's a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Violinist Robert Gupta joined the LA Philharmonic at the age of 19 -- and maintains a passionate parallel interest in neurobiology and mental health issues. He's a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:23
(Music)
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（音乐）
02:38
(Applause)
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（掌声）
02:41
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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非常感谢。（掌声）
02:47
Thank you. It's a distinct privilege to be here.
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谢谢。能在这里演出是我的荣幸。
02:50
A few weeks ago, I saw a video on YouTube
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几个星期前，我在YouTube上看到一段视频
02:52
of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords
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女性众议员Gabrielle Giffords
02:55
at the early stages of her recovery
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因为受伤而接受治疗
02:57
from one of those awful bullets.
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她受伤的原因是被子弹打中。
02:59
This one entered her left hemisphere, and
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一颗打中她的左脑半球，
03:01
knocked out her Broca's area, the speech center of her brain.
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进入布洛克区，那是大脑的语言中枢区域。
03:05
And in this session, Gabby's working with a speech therapist,
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在治疗初期， Gabby找一位语言治疗师
03:08
and she's struggling to produce
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她要说简单的字也很困难
03:10
some of the most basic words, and you can see her
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你可以看到
03:13
growing more and more devastated, until she ultimately
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她感觉越来越绝望，到最后
03:17
breaks down into sobbing tears, and she starts sobbing
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她奔溃了，眼泪掉了下来
03:19
wordlessly into the arms of her therapist.
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她在治疗师的怀抱中无言地呜咽
03:23
And after a few moments, her therapist tries a new tack,
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过了一会儿，治疗师尝试新的方法
03:26
and they start singing together,
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他们一起唱起歌来
03:27
and Gabby starts to sing through her tears,
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Gabby 唱起歌，就不哭了
03:29
and you can hear her clearly able to enunciate
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可以听到她清晰的发音
03:32
the words to a song that describe the way she feels,
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这首歌的歌词正好描述了她的心情
03:35
and she sings, in one descending scale, she sings,
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她不停的唱，用下降的音调，不停唱着
03:38
"Let it shine, let it shine, let it shine."
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"让它闪烁，让它闪烁，让它闪烁。"
03:41
And it's a very powerful and poignant reminder of how
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这件事有力地提醒我们，
03:44
the beauty of music has the ability to speak
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美妙的音乐可以表达的
03:48
where words fail, in this case literally speak.
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是语言无法做到的，我指的是说话的语言。
03:52
Seeing this video of Gabby Giffords reminded me
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Gabby Giffords的视频让我想到
03:54
of the work of Dr. Gottfried Schlaug,
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Gottfried Schlaug博士的研究
03:57
one of the preeminent neuroscientists studying music and the brain at Harvard,
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他是哈佛最德高望重的神经学家之一，研究音乐和大脑
04:01
and Schlaug is a proponent of a therapy called
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Schlaug支持一个治疗方法
04:03
Melodic Intonation Therapy, which has become very popular in music therapy now.
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那就是旋律语调疗法，是现在很流行的音乐疗法。
04:08
Schlaug found that his stroke victims who were aphasic,
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Schlaug 发现他中风的病人失语了，
04:13
could not form sentences of three- or four-word sentences,
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无法组成3个字或4个字的句子
04:17
but they could still sing the lyrics to a song,
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但他们仍然能唱歌曲的歌词
04:20
whether it was "Happy Birthday To You"
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可能是"祝您生日快乐"
04:22
or their favorite song by the Eagles or the Rolling Stones.
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或他们钟爱的老鹰乐队或滚石乐队的歌曲。
04:25
And after 70 hours of intensive singing lessons,
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经过70小时密集的歌唱课程
04:28
he found that the music was able to literally rewire
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他发现音乐真的可以在病人大脑中
04:32
the brains of his patients and create a homologous
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建立新的连接，在右半脑中
04:34
speech center in their right hemisphere
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建立类似语言中枢的区域
04:36
to compensate for the left hemisphere's damage.
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来弥补左半球的伤害
04:40
When I was 17, I visited Dr. Schlaug's lab, and in one afternoon
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我 17 岁时，参观了 Schlaug 博士的实验室
04:43
he walked me through some of the leading research
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那天下午，他给我简单介绍了在音乐和大脑方面
04:46
on music and the brain -- how musicians had
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最领先的研究结果— — 音乐家和非音乐家
04:50
fundamentally different brain structure than non-musicians,
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的大脑结构完全不同
04:53
how music, and listening to music,
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音乐和聆听音乐是如何
04:54
could just light up the entire brain, from
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开启我们整个脑部，
04:56
our prefrontal cortex all the way back to our cerebellum,
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范围包括前额叶到小脑
05:00
how music was becoming a neuropsychiatric modality
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音乐是如何应用到神经精神方法中
05:03
to help children with autism, to help people struggling
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来帮助自闭症儿童，以及生活在
05:06
with stress and anxiety and depression,
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压力、焦虑、犹豫中的人
05:09
how deeply Parkinsonian patients would find that their tremor
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听音乐时，帕金森病患者会感到
05:13
and their gait would steady when they listened to music,
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抽搐减轻了，行走更稳定了
05:16
and how late-stage Alzheimer's patients, whose dementia
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末期老人痴呆病人的痴呆程度发展到
05:19
was so far progressed that they could no longer recognize
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他们无法认出自己的家人
05:22
their family, could still pick out a tune by Chopin
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可是却能够在感情上演奏萧邦的曲子
05:25
at the piano that they had learned when they were children.
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这是他们还是孩子时学习的曲子
05:29
But I had an ulterior motive of visiting Gottfried Schlaug,
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我拜访Schlaug时，带着另一个的动机
05:32
and it was this: that I was at a crossroads in my life,
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那时 我正处于人生的十字路口，
05:35
trying to choose between music and medicine.
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需要在音乐和医学之间做出选择。
05:38
I had just completed my undergraduate, and I was working
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我刚刚完成了我的本科，开始工作
05:41
as a research assistant at the lab of Dennis Selkoe,
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担任Dennis Selkoe的研究助理
05:44
studying Parkinson's disease at Harvard, and I had fallen
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他在哈佛研究帕金森症，我深爱神经科学
05:47
in love with neuroscience. I wanted to become a surgeon.
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我想成为一名外科医生。
05:50
I wanted to become a doctor like Paul Farmer or Rick Hodes,
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生像Paul Farmer或Rick Hodes那样的医生
05:54
these kind of fearless men who go into places like Haiti or Ethiopia
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他们是无畏的人，前往海地、埃塞俄比亚那样的地方
05:58
and work with AIDS patients with multidrug-resistant
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帮助得了抗药性肺结核的艾滋病人，
06:01
tuberculosis, or with children with disfiguring cancers.
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或是帮助
06:04
I wanted to become that kind of Red Cross doctor,
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我想成为红十字会医生，
06:07
that doctor without borders.
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无国界医生
06:09
On the other hand, I had played the violin my entire life.
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另一方面，我一生都在演奏小提琴
06:13
Music for me was more than a passion. It was obsession.
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激情不足以形容我对音乐的痴迷。
06:17
It was oxygen. I was lucky enough to have studied
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它是氧气。我非常幸运
06:20
at the Juilliard School in Manhattan, and to have played
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在曼哈顿茱莉亚音乐学院学习
06:23
my debut with Zubin Mehta and the Israeli philharmonic orchestra in Tel Aviv,
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我的处女秀在特拉维夫，和祖宾 · 梅塔和和特拉维夫以色列爱乐乐团同台
06:27
and it turned out that Gottfried Schlaug
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其实Gottfried Schlaug
06:29
had studied as an organist at the Vienna Conservatory,
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曾经在维也纳音乐学院学研究管风琴专业
06:32
but had given up his love for music to pursue a career
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但他放弃了对音乐的热爱，致力医学事业
06:35
in medicine. And that afternoon, I had to ask him,
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那天下午，我不得不问他，
06:39
"How was it for you making that decision?"
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"您是如何作出这个决定的?"
06:41
And he said that there were still times when he wished
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他说，有好几次，他希望自己能回去
06:43
he could go back and play the organ the way he used to,
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像以前一样演奏管风琴
06:46
and that for me, medical school could wait,
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对我来说，医学院可以先等等
06:49
but that the violin simply would not.
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但小提琴不可以等
06:52
And after two more years of studying music, I decided
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两年的音乐学习后，我决定
06:54
to shoot for the impossible before taking the MCAT
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我要去考MCAT，
06:57
and applying to medical school like a good Indian son
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像是一个印度好孩子一样，申请医学院
07:00
to become the next Dr. Gupta. (Laughter)
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要成为下一个古普塔博士。（笑声）
07:03
And I decided to shoot for the impossible and I took
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我决定挑战不可能的事
07:05
an audition for the esteemed Los Angeles Philharmonic.
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我报名了著名洛杉矶爱乐乐团的甄选。
07:08
It was my first audition, and after three days of playing
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这是我第一次甄选，在试演的礼拜
07:11
behind a screen in a trial week, I was offered the position.
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我在幕后演奏了三天，最后我得到了乐团的工作
07:14
And it was a dream. It was a wild dream to perform
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那像一场梦。那是一个狂野的梦
07:18
in an orchestra, to perform in the iconic Walt Disney Concert Hall
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在交响乐团演奏，在圣殿级的沃尔特 · 迪斯尼音乐厅演奏
07:22
in an orchestra conducted now by the famous Gustavo Dudamel,
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由著名的Gustavo Dudamel指挥的乐团中演出，
07:25
but much more importantly to me to be surrounded
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更重要的是，围绕在我身边的是
07:28
by musicians and mentors that became my new family,
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即将成为我新的家人的音乐家和导师
07:32
my new musical home.
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我的音乐之家
07:35
But a year later, I met another musician who had also
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但一年后，我遇到了另一位音乐家
07:39
studied at Juilliard, one who profoundly helped me
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他也曾就读茱莉亚，他帮助了我很多
07:42
find my voice and shaped my identity as a musician.
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帮我找到自己的琴声，和音乐家的个性
07:46
Nathaniel Ayers was a double bassist at Juilliard, but
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Nathaniel Ayers曾经在茱莉亚学习双重贝斯，
07:50
he suffered a series of psychotic episodes in his early 20s,
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但是在他 20 岁出头时，他患上一系列精神问题
07:54
was treated with thorazine at Bellevue,
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需要服用贝尔维，作为镇静剂治疗
07:56
and ended up living homeless on the streets of Skid Row
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此后的30年中，他在洛杉矶市中心
07:59
in downtown Los Angeles 30 years later.
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Skid Row 的街头无家可归
08:02
Nathaniel's story has become a beacon for homelessness
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Nathaniel的故事已成为整个美国
08:05
and mental health advocacy throughout the United States,
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帮助流浪者和精神健康运动的典型例子
08:08
as told through the book and the movie "The Soloist,"
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在《独奏者》这本书和同名电影讲的就是他的故事
08:10
but I became his friend, and I became his violin teacher,
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但我成了他的朋友，还是他的小提琴老师，
08:13
and I told him that wherever he had his violin,
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我告诉他，无论何处，只要他带着他的琴
08:16
and wherever I had mine, I would play a lesson with him.
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我带着我的琴，我就会给他上课，
08:19
And on the many times I saw Nathaniel on Skid Row,
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很多次，我在Skid Row看到Nathaniel，
08:22
I witnessed how music was able to bring him back
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我亲眼目睹了音乐如何把他
08:24
from his very darkest moments, from what seemed to me
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从最黑暗的时期，拯救回来
08:27
in my untrained eye to be
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那是在我这个没受训练的人看来
08:29
the beginnings of a schizophrenic episode.
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他像是精神分裂症的前期。
08:33
Playing for Nathaniel, the music took on a deeper meaning,
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为Nathaniel的演奏，音乐有了更深一层的含义，
08:36
because now it was about communication,
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因为它像是沟通
08:39
a communication where words failed, a communication
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这个沟通无法用语言传达，
08:42
of a message that went deeper than words, that registered
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信息比语言到达地更深层，
08:45
at a fundamentally primal level in Nathaniel's psyche,
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达到了Nathaniel的心灵中真我的层次
08:48
yet came as a true musical offering from me.
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对我来说，也是音乐真正的馈赠
08:53
I found myself growing outraged that someone
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我发现自己对流浪者的现象越来越气愤，
08:57
like Nathaniel could have ever been homeless on Skid Row
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Nathaniel因为精神疾病无家可归，
09:01
because of his mental illness, yet how many tens of thousands
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像他一样，Skid Row里成千上百的人
09:04
of others there were out there on Skid Row alone
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独自流浪街头
09:07
who had stories as tragic as his, but were never going to have a book or a movie
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他们之所以流浪，也有背后悲惨的故事，
09:12
made about them that got them off the streets?
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但没能写成书，拍成电影
09:14
And at the very core of this crisis of mine, I felt somehow
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在我人生危机最急迫的时候，
09:18
the life of music had chosen me, where somehow,
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我感到，音乐人生选择了我，
09:22
perhaps possibly in a very naive sense, I felt what Skid Row
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或许可能很天真的意义上来说，
09:25
really needed was somebody like Paul Farmer
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我觉得Skid Row真正需要的是Paul Farmer那样的医生
09:28
and not another classical musician playing on Bunker Hill.
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而不是Bunker Hill的古典音乐家。
09:33
But in the end, it was Nathaniel who showed me
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但最终，是Nathaniel告诉了我
09:35
that if I was truly passionate about change,
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我是否真的要转到另一个领域
09:37
if I wanted to make a difference, I already had the perfect instrument to do it,
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如果我要选择换一条路，我已经有最好的工具帮助我
09:42
that music was the bridge that connected my world and his.
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那就是音乐，连接着我和他世界的桥梁。
09:46
There's a beautiful quote
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有一句美丽的名言
09:48
by the Romantic German composer Robert Schumann,
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是德国浪漫派作曲家罗伯特·舒曼说的
09:51
who said, "To send light into the darkness of men's hearts,
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“用光照亮人们内心的黑暗，”
09:56
such is the duty of the artist."
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“这是艺术家的责任。”
09:58
And this is a particularly poignant quote
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其实这句名言的背后也有残酷的故事
10:01
because Schumann himself suffered from schizophrenia
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因为舒曼自己受精神分裂症煎熬，
10:03
and died in asylum.
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最后在庇护所去世
10:05
And inspired by what I learned from Nathaniel,
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我从Nathaniel那里学到的东西驱使我
10:08
I started an organization on Skid Row of musicians
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开始组建一个由Skid Row 流浪音乐家组成的组织
10:10
called Street Symphony, bringing the light of music
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称为“街交响乐团”，为的是用音乐之光
10:13
into the very darkest places, performing
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照亮最黑暗的地方，
10:16
for the homeless and mentally ill at shelters and clinics
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为Skid Row庇护所和诊所中的无家可归者和精神病人表演
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on Skid Row, performing for combat veterans
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为患有创伤后遗症的退伍老兵表演
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with post-traumatic stress disorder, and for the incarcerated
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为在监狱里服刑，为那些
10:26
and those labeled as criminally insane.
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有犯罪精神问题的人表演
10:30
After one of our events at the Patton State Hospital
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我们去圣贝纳迪诺巴顿州立医院表演
10:32
in San Bernardino, a woman walked up to us
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结束后，一名女子走到我们跟前
10:35
and she had tears streaming down her face,
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泪珠顺着她的脸留下来，
10:37
and she had a palsy, she was shaking,
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她患有麻痹症，会不停地在颤抖，
10:40
and she had this gorgeous smile, and she said
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她笑得很灿烂，她告诉我们，
10:43
that she had never heard classical music before,
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她之前从没通过古典音乐，
10:45
she didn't think she was going to like it, she had never
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她觉得自己不会喜欢，
10:47
heard a violin before, but that hearing this music was like hearing the sunshine,
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没有我们的话，她永远不会听到小提琴，但我们的音乐像是阳光一般，
10:51
and that nobody ever came to visit them, and that for the first time in six years,
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之前从未有人来过，这是六年来的头一次
10:55
when she heard us play, she stopped shaking without medication.
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她听到我们的演奏，即使没有服药，她停止了颤抖。
10:59
Suddenly, what we're finding with these concerts,
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突然间，我们找到了演奏会
11:02
away from the stage, away from the footlights, out
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舞台，灯光，燕尾服
11:05
of the tuxedo tails, the musicians become the conduit
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音乐家成为强大的治疗渠道
11:09
for delivering the tremendous therapeutic benefits
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把有利于治疗的音乐传送到
11:12
of music on the brain to an audience that would never
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听众的大脑里
11:15
have access to this room,
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这些听众以前是不可能听到
11:17
would never have access to the kind of music that we make.
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我们演奏的这种音乐
11:23
Just as medicine serves to heal more
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这样的音乐就像良药
11:26
than the building blocks of the body alone,
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它的治愈效果不仅仅是修补身体
11:30
the power and beauty of music transcends the "E"
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它的力量和美超越了“E”
11:33
in the middle of our beloved acronym.
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“E”是我们敬爱的人的首字母缩写中间的那个字母
11:36
Music transcends the aesthetic beauty alone.
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音乐超越了单独的审美
11:40
The synchrony of emotions that we experience when we
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听到瓦格纳的歌剧、勃拉姆斯的交响乐，或贝多芬的室内乐
11:43
hear an opera by Wagner, or a symphony by Brahms,
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会体验到步调一致的感情，·
11:46
or chamber music by Beethoven, compels us to remember
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这必定会唤起我们的记忆
11:50
our shared, common humanity, the deeply communal
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那是我们共享的共通的人性，
11:54
connected consciousness, the empathic consciousness
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互相紧密意识联结，和同情心
11:57
that neuropsychiatrist Iain McGilchrist says is hard-wired
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根据神经心理学家Iain McGilchrist，以上这些
12:01
into our brain's right hemisphere.
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在我们的右脑中是天生的
12:04
And for those living in the most dehumanizing conditions
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那些在最差的条件下生活的
12:07
of mental illness within homelessness
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患有精神疾病的流浪汉和监狱犯人
12:09
and incarceration, the music and the beauty of music
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音乐和音乐的美
12:12
offers a chance for them to transcend the world around them,
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提供他们机会，看到他们世界以外的东西
12:17
to remember that they still have the capacity to experience
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让他们知道，他们任由能力体验
12:20
something beautiful and that humanity has not forgotten them.
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美妙的事物，社会没有遗忘他们
12:24
And the spark of that beauty, the spark of that humanity
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音乐的美，人性的美的火花
12:27
transforms into hope,
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转化成希望
12:30
and we know, whether we choose the path of music
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我们知道，无理论我们选择音乐事业，
12:33
or of medicine, that's the very first thing we must instill
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或医学事业，首要一点是
12:36
within our communities, within our audiences,
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我们渗透到我们的社区和观众中
12:38
if we want to inspire healing from within.
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这样才能启发从内而外治疗
12:42
I'd like to end with a quote by John Keats,
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我要用英国浪漫诗人约翰·济慈的一句名言
12:44
the Romantic English poet,
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结束我的演讲
12:46
a very famous quote that I'm sure all of you know.
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我相信你们都知道这句著名的名言
12:49
Keats himself had also given up a career in medicine
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济慈当年同样放弃了医学事业
12:52
to pursue poetry, but he died when he was a year older than me.
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投生诗歌创作，但他去世的年纪，比我现在的年龄大一岁
12:56
And Keats said, "Beauty is truth, and truth beauty.
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济慈说，"美是真理，真相是美。
13:01
That is all ye know on Earth, and all ye need to know."
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这是你们所知道的地球，和你们需要知道的全部。
13:10
(Music)
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（音乐）
15:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Gupta - ViolinistViolinist Robert Gupta joined the LA Philharmonic at the age of 19 -- and maintains a passionate parallel interest in neurobiology and mental health issues. He's a TED Senior Fellow.
Why you should listen
Violinist Robert Vijay Gupta joined the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the age of 19. He made his solo debut, at age 11, with the Israel Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta. He has a Master's in music from Yale. But his undergraduate degree? Pre-med. As an undergrad, Gupta was part of several research projects in neuro- and neurodegenerative biology. He held Research Assistant positions at CUNY Hunter College in New York City, where he worked on spinal cord neuronal regeneration, and at the Harvard Institutes of Medicine Center for Neurologic Diseases, where he studied the biochemical pathology of Parkinson's disease.
Gupta is passionate about education and outreach, both as a musician and as an activist for mental health issues. He has the privilege of working with Nathaniel Ayers, the brilliant, schizophrenic musician featured in "The Soloist," as his violin teacher.
Robert Gupta | Speaker | TED.com