TED-Ed
John Lloyd: An animated tour of the invisible
Filmed:
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Gravity. The stars in day. Thoughts. The human genome. Time. Atoms. So much of what really matters in the world is impossible to see. A stunning animation of John Lloyd's classic TEDTalk from 2009, which will make you question what you actually know.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
(Glazba)
00:15
(Circus music)
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00:21
[Ted N' Ed's Carnival]
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[Karneval Teda i Eda, otvoren svaki dan - cijeli dan]
00:24
[John Lloyd's Inventory of the Invisible]
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[Inventar nevidljivoga Johna Lloyda]
00:39
[Adapted from a TEDTalk
given by John Lloyd in 2009]
given by John Lloyd in 2009]
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[Adaptirano iz TEDTalka Johna Lloyda iz 2009.]
Naš sljedeći govornik proveo je čitavu karijeru izmamljujući taj osjećaj čuda.
00:41
June Cohen: Our next speaker
has spent his whole career
has spent his whole career
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00:44
eliciting that sense of wonder.
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Molim vas pozdravite Johna Lloyda. (Pljesak)
00:45
Please welcome John Lloyd.
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00:47
(Applause)
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Pitanje je: što je nevidljivo?
00:48
[Hall of Mirrors]
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00:50
The question is, "What is invisible?"
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Više je toga nego što mislite, zapravo.
00:53
There's more of it
than you think, actually.
than you think, actually.
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00:55
Everything, I would say --
everything that matters --
everything that matters --
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Sve, rekao bih -- sve što je važno --
00:58
Except every thing, and except matter.
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Osim svake stvari, i materije.
01:02
We can see matter
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Možemo vidjeti materiju
01:04
but we can't see what's the matter.
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ali ne možemo vidjeti u čemu je problem.(materija-igra riječi).
01:06
We can see the stars and the planets
but we can't see what holds them apart,
but we can't see what holds them apart,
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Možemo vidjeti zvijezde i planete, ali ne možemo vidjeti što ih razdvaja,
01:11
or what draws them together.
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ili što ih privlači.
01:14
With matter as with people,
we see only the skin of things,
we see only the skin of things,
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S materijom kao i s ljudima, vidimo samo kožu stvari,
ne možemo vidjeti u strojarnicu, ne možemo vidjeti što pokreće ljude,
01:17
we can't see into the engine room,
we can't see what makes people tick,
we can't see what makes people tick,
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01:20
at least not without difficulty,
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barem ne bez poteškoća,
i što bliže gledamo bilo što,
01:22
and the closer we look at anything,
the more it disappears.
the more it disappears.
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više nestaje.
01:26
In fact, if you look
really closely at stuff,
really closely at stuff,
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Zapravo, ako pogledate stvarno blizu neku stvar, ako pogledate osnovnu strukturu tvari,
01:28
if you look at the basic
substructure of matter,
substructure of matter,
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01:30
there isn't anything there.
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nema ničeg tamo. Elektroni nestaju u nekoj izmaglici, i postoji samo energija.
01:32
Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz,
and there is only energy.
and there is only energy.
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Jedna od zanimljivosti kod nevidljivosti je da stvari koje ne vidimo,
01:35
One of the interesting things
about invisibility is,
about invisibility is,
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01:37
the things that we can's see,
we also can't understand.
we also can't understand.
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ne možemo ni razumjeti.
01:40
Gravity is one thing that we can't see,
and which we don't understand.
and which we don't understand.
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Gravitacija je jedna stvar koju ne vidimo, i ne razumijemo.
01:44
It's the least understood
of all the four fundamental forces,
of all the four fundamental forces,
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Ona je najmanje razumljiva od četiri osnovne sile,
i najslabija, i nitko ne zna što je ona ni zašto je ovdje.
01:47
and the weakest, and nobody really
knows what it is or why it's there.
knows what it is or why it's there.
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01:51
For what it's worth, Sir Isaac Newton,
the greatest scientist who ever lived,
the greatest scientist who ever lived,
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Valja spomenuti kako je Sir Isaac Newton, najveći znanstvenik koji je ikad živio,
mislio kako je Isus došao na zemlju kako bi upravljao ručicama gravitacije.
01:55
he thought Jesus came
to Earth specifically
to Earth specifically
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01:57
to operate the levers of gravity.
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01:59
That's what he thought he was there for.
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Mislio je da je on zato bio tu.
Dakle, bistar momak, mogao je pogriješiti vezano uz to, ne znam. (Smijeh)
02:01
So, bright guy, could be wrong
on that one, I don't know.
on that one, I don't know.
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02:04
(Laughter)
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Svijest. Vidim vaša lica, ali nemam pojma o čemu razmišljate.
02:05
Consciousness. I see all your faces;
I've no idea what any of you are thinking.
I've no idea what any of you are thinking.
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02:09
Isn't that amazing?
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Nije li to čudesno? Nije li nevjerojatno da ne možemo čitati tuđe umove,
02:10
Isn't it incredible that we can't read
each other's minds,
each other's minds,
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kada možemo dodirnuti jedni druge, okusiti jedni druge, ako se dovoljno približimo, ali ne možemo čitati umove.
02:13
when we can touch each other,
taste each other,
taste each other,
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02:16
perhaps, if we get close enough,
but we can't read each other's minds.
but we can't read each other's minds.
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To mi je zapanjujuće.
02:19
I find that quite astonishing.
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02:20
In the Sufi faith,
this great Middle Eastern religion
this great Middle Eastern religion
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U Sufi vjeri, ovoj velikoj vjeri sa Bliskog istoka za koju tvrde da je korijen svih religija,
02:23
which some claim
is the root of all religions,
is the root of all religions,
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majstori Sufija su svi telepati, tako kažu,
02:26
Sufi masters are
all telepaths, so they say,
all telepaths, so they say,
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02:31
but their main exercise of telepathy
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ali njihova osnovna zadaća kao telepata je da nama ostalima šalju snažne signale kako telepatija ne postoji.
02:33
is to send out powerful signals
to the rest of us that it doesn't exist.
to the rest of us that it doesn't exist.
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02:37
So that's why we don't think it exists;
the Sufi masters working on us.
the Sufi masters working on us.
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Zato mislimo da ne postoji; Sufi majstori rade na nama.
02:41
In the question of consciousness
and artificial intelligence,
and artificial intelligence,
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Po pitanju svijesti i umjetne inteligencije,
02:45
artificial intelligence has really,
like the study of consciousness,
like the study of consciousness,
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umjetna inteligencija je zapravo kao i proučavanje svijesti,
stigla nigdje, nemamo pojma kako svijest funkcionira.
02:48
gotten nowhere, we have no idea
how consciousness works.
how consciousness works.
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Ne samo da nisu stvorili umjetnu inteligenciju,
02:51
Not only have they not created
artificial intelligence,
artificial intelligence,
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nisu još kreirali umjetnu glupost.
02:53
they haven't yet created
artificial stupidity.
artificial stupidity.
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02:56
(Laughter)
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02:57
The laws of physics: invisible,
eternal, omnipresent, all powerful.
eternal, omnipresent, all powerful.
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Zakoni fizike: nevidljivi, vječni, sveprisutni, svemoćni.
03:02
Remind you of anyone?
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Podsjeća li vas to na nekoga?
03:04
Interesting.
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Zanimljivo. Ja sam, kao što možete pogoditi, nematerijalist.
03:05
I'm, as you can guess,
not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist.
not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist.
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I našao sam zanimljivu novu riječ -- ignostik. Okej?
Ja sam ignostik, [Bog?]
Ja sam ignostik, [Bog?]
03:08
And I've found a very useful
new word -- ignostic.
new word -- ignostic.
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03:11
Okay? I'm an ignostic.
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03:12
[God?]
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Odbijam biti uvučen u raspravu postoji li Bog
03:13
I refuse to be drawn on the question
on whether God exists
on whether God exists
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dok netko propisno ne definira uvjete.
03:16
until somebody properly defines the terms.
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03:18
Another thing we can't see
is the human genome.
is the human genome.
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Još jedna stvar koju ne možemo vidjeti je ljudski genom.
03:21
And this is increasingly peculiar,
because about 20 years ago
because about 20 years ago
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I ovo je sve više čudno, jer prije otprilike 20 godina
03:26
when they started delving into the genome,
they thought it would probably contain
they thought it would probably contain
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kada su počeli istraživati genom, pretpostavili su da će sadržavati
oko sto tisuća gena. Svake godine otada,
03:30
around 100 thousand genes.
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03:31
Every year since,
it's been revised downwards.
it's been revised downwards.
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smanjili su brojku. Sada mislimo kako najvjerojatnije postoji tek nešto više od 20 tisuća gena
03:34
We now think there are likely
to be just over 20 thousand genes
to be just over 20 thousand genes
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03:38
in the human genome.
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u ljudskom genomu.
03:39
This is extraordinary,
because rice -- get this --
because rice -- get this --
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Ovo je čudesno, jer riža -- pazite ovo --
03:42
rice is known to have 38 thousand genes.
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riža ima 38 tisuća gena.
03:45
Potatoes have 48 chromosomes,
two more than people,
two more than people,
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Krumpir -- krumpir ima 48 kromosoma, dva više od ljudi,
i isto koliko i gorila. (Smijeh)
03:50
and the same as a gorilla.
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03:52
(Laughter)
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03:55
You can't see these things,
but they are very strange.
but they are very strange.
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Ne možete vidjeti ove stvari, ali one su jako čudne.
03:58
The stars by day, I always
think that's fascinating.
think that's fascinating.
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Zvijezde po danu, ja uvijek mislim kako je to fascinantno.
04:01
The universe disappears.
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Svemir nestaje. Što je više svjetla, manje možete vidjeti.
04:02
The more light there is,
the less you can see.
the less you can see.
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Vrijeme. Nitko ne vidi vrijeme.
04:05
Time. Nobody can see time.
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04:08
I don't know if you know this.
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Ne znam znate li ovo. Moderni fizičari -- postoji veliki pokret u modernoj fizici
04:09
There's a big movement in modern physics
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04:12
to decide that time doesn't really exist,
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kako bi se odlučilo da vrijeme zapravo ne postoji, jer je previše neprikladno za brojke.
04:14
because it's too inconvenient
for the figures.
for the figures.
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Puno je jednostavnije ako nije zapravo tu.
04:16
It's much easier if it's not really there.
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04:18
You can't see the future, obviously,
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Ne možete vidjeti budućnost, očito,
04:21
and you can't see the past,
except in your memory.
except in your memory.
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i ne možete vidjeti prošlost, osim u svom sjećanju.
04:23
One of the interesting
things about the past
things about the past
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Kod prošlosti je zanimljivo to što osobito ne možete vidjeti --
04:26
is you particularly can't see --
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moj sin pitao me neki dan, rekao je tata, sjećaš li se kakav sam bio kad sam imao dvije godine?
04:27
my son asked me this the other day,
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04:29
"Dad, can you remember
what I was like when I was two?
what I was like when I was two?
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I ja sam rekao da. On je pitao zašto ja ne mogu?
04:31
And I said, "Yes." He said, "Why can't I?"
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Nije li to izvandredno? Ne sjećate se što vam se dogodilo prije nego ste napunili drugu ili treću godinu.
04:33
Isn't that extraordinary?
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04:35
You cannot remember what happened to you
earlier than the age of two or three.
earlier than the age of two or three.
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Što je odlično za psihoanalitičare, jer bi inače bili bez posla.
04:39
Which is great news for psychoanalysts,
because otherwise they'd be out of a job.
because otherwise they'd be out of a job.
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Jer se tada sve događa [smijeh]
04:43
Because that's where all the stuff happens
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04:45
(Laughter)
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04:48
that makes you who you are.
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što vas čini onakvima kakvi jeste.
04:51
Another thing you can't see
is the grid on which we hang.
is the grid on which we hang.
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Još jedna stvar koju ne možete vidjeti je mreža na kojoj visimo.
04:54
This is fascinating.
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To je fascinantno. Vjerojatno znate, neki od vas, da se stanice stalno obnavljaju.
04:55
You probably know, some of you,
that cells are continually renewed.
that cells are continually renewed.
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Koža otpada, kosa raste, nokti, te stvari --
04:58
Skin flakes off, hairs grow,
nails, that kind of stuff --
nails, that kind of stuff --
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05:01
but every cell in your body
is replaced at some point.
is replaced at some point.
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ali svaka stanica u našem tijelu je zamijenjena u nekoj točci.
05:05
Taste buds, every ten days or so.
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Osjetni pupoljci, svakih 10 dana ili toliko.
05:07
Livers and internal organs
take a bit longer.
take a bit longer.
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Jetra i unutarnji organi traju malo duže.
05:10
Spine takes several years.
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Kralježnici je potrebno nekoliko godina.
05:11
But at the end of seven years,
not one cell in your body
not one cell in your body
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Ali na kraju sedam godina, niti jedna stanica u vašem tijelu
05:15
remains from what was there
seven years ago.
seven years ago.
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nije preostala od onih stanica od prije sedam godina.
05:18
The question is:
who then are we? What are we?
who then are we? What are we?
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Pitanje je: tko smo mi? Što smo mi? Što je ova stvar na kojoj visimo?
05:21
What is this thing that we hang on?
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05:23
That is actually us?
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To smo stvarno mi?
05:24
Atoms, can't see them. Nobody ever will.
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Atomi, ne vidimo ih. Nitko nikad neće. Oni su manji od valne duljine svjetla.
05:27
They're smaller
than the wavelength of light.
than the wavelength of light.
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05:29
Gas, can't see that.
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Plin, ne vidimo ga. Zanimljivo netko je spomenuo 1600. nedavno.
05:31
Interesting, somebody
mentioned 1600 recently.
mentioned 1600 recently.
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Plin je izumljen 1600. godine od strane nizozemskog kemičara koji se zove Van Helmont.
05:33
Gas was invented in 1600
by a Dutch chemist called van Helmont.
by a Dutch chemist called van Helmont.
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05:38
It's said to be the most successful ever
invention of a word by a known individual.
invention of a word by a known individual.
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Kažu da je to najuspješnije izmišljanje riječi od strane poznatog pojedinca.
05:43
Quite good. He also invented a word
called "blas," meaning astral radiation.
called "blas," meaning astral radiation.
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Poprilično dobro. Također je izmislio riječ blas koja znači astralna radijacija.
05:49
Didn't catch on, unfortunately.
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Nije prihvaćena, šteta. (Smijeh)
05:51
(Laughter)
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05:52
But well done, him.
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Ali bravo on. Svjetlo -- ne možete vidjeti svjetlo.
05:53
Light -- you can't see light.
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05:55
When it's dark, in a vacuum,
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Kad je mrak, u vakuumu, ako netko posvijetli preko vaših očiju, nećete vidjeti svjetlost.
05:57
if a person shines a beam of light
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05:59
straight across your eyes,
you won't see it.
you won't see it.
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06:01
Slightly technical, some physicists
will disagree with this.
will disagree with this.
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Malo tehnički, neki fizičari se ne bi složili s ovim. Ali čudno je da ne možete vidjeti trak svjetla,
06:04
But it's odd that you can't see
the beam of light,
the beam of light,
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vidite samo ono što pogodi.
06:06
you can only see what it hits.
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Elektricitet, ne vidite ga. Ne dozvolite da vam itko kaže da razumije elektricitet, ne razumije.
06:08
Electricity, can't see that.
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06:09
Don't let anyone tell you
they understand electricity, they don't.
they understand electricity, they don't.
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06:12
Nobody knows what it is.
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Nitko ne zna što je to. (Smijeh) Vjerojatno mislite kako se elektroni u žici kreću trenutno
06:13
(Laughter)
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06:15
You probably think the electrons
in an electric wire move instantaneously
in an electric wire move instantaneously
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kroz žicu, zar ne, brzinom svjetla, kada upalite svjetlo.
06:18
down a wire, don't you,
at the speed of light,
at the speed of light,
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06:20
when you turn the light on, they don't.
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Ne kreću se tako. Oni se kreću brzinom kojom mažete med, tako kažu.
06:23
Electrons bumble down the wire,
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06:24
about the speed of spreading
honey, they say.
honey, they say.
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06:27
Galaxies -- hundred billion of them,
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Galaksije -- stotine miljardi galaksija, toliko procjenjuju da ih je u svemiru, stotine milijardi.
06:28
estimated in the universe.
Hundred billion.
Hundred billion.
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Koliko ih vidimo? Pet. Pet od stotinu milijardi galaksija, golim okom.
06:30
How many can we see?
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06:32
Five. Five, out of a hundred billion
galaxies, with the naked eye.
galaxies, with the naked eye.
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06:36
And one of them is quite difficult to see,
unless you've got very good eyesight.
unless you've got very good eyesight.
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I jednu od njih je jako teško vidjeti, osim ako nemate jako dobar vid.
06:39
Radio waves. There's another thing.
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Radio valovi. To je još jedna stvar. Heinrich Hertz, kada je otkrio radio valove,
06:41
Heinrich Hertz, when he discovered
radio waves, in 1887,
radio waves, in 1887,
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1887., nazvao ih je valovima jer su zračili.
06:44
he called them radio waves
because they radiated.
because they radiated.
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Netko mu je rekao, pa koja je poanta ovoga, Heinrich? Koja je svrha ovih radio valova
06:47
Somebody said to him,
"What's the point of these, Heinrich?
"What's the point of these, Heinrich?
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06:50
What's the point of these radio waves
that you've found?"
that you've found?"
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koje si našao? A on je rekao, pa ne znam, ali pretpostavljam da će netko jednog dana naći nekakvu uporabu za njih.
06:52
And he said, "Well, I've no idea,
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06:54
but I guess somebody will find
a use for them someday.
a use for them someday.
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Najveća stvar koja nam je nevidljiva je ono što ne znamo.
06:57
The biggest thing that's invisible
to us is what we don't know.
to us is what we don't know.
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07:00
It is incredible how little we know.
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Zapanjujuće je koliko malo mi znamo.
07:02
Thomas Edison once said,
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Thomas Edison je jednom rekao da ne znamo jedan posto milijuntog dijela nečega o nečem.
07:04
"We don't know one percent
of one millionth about anything."
of one millionth about anything."
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07:08
And I've come to the conclusion --
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I došli smo do zaključka --
07:12
because you ask this other question:
"What's another thing we can't see?"
"What's another thing we can't see?"
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zato što postavljate pitanje: što je još jedna stvar koju ne možemo vidjeti?
Svrha, većini nas. Što je svrha?
07:15
The point, most of us. What's the point?
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07:17
The point -- what I've got it down to
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Svrha je -- ono do čega sam došao je da postoji samo dva pitanja koja vrijedi pitati.
07:19
is there are only two questions
really worth asking.
really worth asking.
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Zašto smo ovdje, i što bismo trebali činiti dok smo tu?
07:21
"Why are we here?",
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07:22
and "What should
we do about it while we are?"
we do about it while we are?"
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07:25
To help you, I've got two things to leave
you with, from two great philosophers,
you with, from two great philosophers,
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Kako bi Vam pomogao, ostavit ću vam dvije stvari, od dva velika filozofa,
možda i dva najveća filozofska mislioca dvadesetog stoljeća.
07:29
perhaps two of the greatest philosopher
thinkers of the 20th century.
thinkers of the 20th century.
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Jedan matematičar i inžinjer, i drugi koji je pjesnik.
07:32
One a mathematician and engineer,
and the other a poet.
and the other a poet.
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07:35
The first is Ludwig Wittgenstein,
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Prvi je Ludwig Wittgenstein, koji je rekao,
07:38
who said, "I don't know why we are here,
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Ne znam zašto smo ovdje, ali sam siguran da nismo tu kako bismo uživali.
07:41
but I am pretty sure it's not
in order to enjoy ourselves."
in order to enjoy ourselves."
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07:44
(Laughter)
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07:45
He was a cheerful bastard, wasn't he?
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On je bio veseli gad, zar ne? (Smijeh)
07:47
(Laughter)
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07:48
And secondly, and lastly,
W.H. Auden, one of my favorite poets,
W.H. Auden, one of my favorite poets,
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I drugo i posljednje, W.H. Auden, jedan od mojih najdražih pjesnika
07:53
who said, "We are here
on Earth to help others.
on Earth to help others.
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rekao je, Ovdje smo na zemlji kako bi pomogli drugima. Zašto su drugi ovdje, nemam pojma.
07:58
What the others
are here for, I've no idea."
are here for, I've no idea."
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08:01
(Laughter)
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08:03
(Applause)
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08:06
(Circus music)
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08:07
[Get your souvenir photo here!]
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[Nabavite ovdje svoju fotografiju suvenir! Nastavite vaše putovanje u nepoznato!]
08:08
[Continue your journey into the unknown!]
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08:11
(Circus music)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Lloyd - ProducerJohn Lloyd helps make some of the cleverest television in the UK.
Why you should listen
John Lloyd seems to have known every brilliant and funny person in Britain, and his collaborations are legendary. He's been a fixture on the BBC for four decades, producing such classic comedies as Blackadder, Spitting Image, the BBC's Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and lately QI (short for "Quite Interesting"), hosted by Stephen Fry (read his Reddit AMA about it).
Lloyd has also written more than a dozen funny books -- including The Meaning of Liff, a collaboration with his friend Douglas Adams, which has been in print for 26 years.
John Lloyd | Speaker | TED.com