TEDGlobal 2013
Anant Agarwal: Why massive open online courses (still) matter
Anant Agarwal: Zašto su masivni otvoreni online tečajevi (još uvijek) važni
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2013. je bila godina općeg zanimanja za MOOT-ove (masivne otvorene online tečajeve). Razočaravajući prvi rezultati su slijedile sjajne velike brojke i sjajne velike nade. No, vođa edX-a, Anant Agarwal, izlaže kako su MOOT-ovi još uvijek važni -- kao način za širenje visoke razine učenja i nadopunjavanje (no možda ne i zamjenu) tradicionalnih učionica. Agarwal dijeli svoju viziju izmiješanog učenja, gdje profesori stvaraju idealno iskustvo učenja za studente 21. stoljeća.
Anant Agarwal - Education innovator
Through blended courses Anant Agarwal is pairing online education with face-to-face student-faculty interactions, reshaping the university campus experience. Full bio
Through blended courses Anant Agarwal is pairing online education with face-to-face student-faculty interactions, reshaping the university campus experience. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to reimagine education.
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Želim promijeniti obrazovanje.
00:15
The last year
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Prošla godina
00:17
has seen the invention of a new four-letter word.
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nam je donijela inovaciju i
riječ od 4 slova.
riječ od 4 slova.
00:20
It starts with an M.
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Počinje sa M.
00:21
MOOC: massive open online courses.
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MOOT: Masivni otvoreni online tečajevi.
00:26
Many organizations
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Mnoge organizacije
00:27
are offering these online courses
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nude ove online tečajeve
00:30
to students all over the world, in the millions, for free.
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studentima diljem svijeta, milijunima,
besplatno.
besplatno.
00:34
Anybody who has an Internet connection
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Bilo tko s internetskom vezom
00:36
and the will to learn can access these great courses
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i voljom za učenje ima pristup
sjajnim tečajevima
sjajnim tečajevima
00:38
from excellent universities
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s izvrsnih sveučilišta
00:40
and get a credential at the end of it.
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i po završetku dobija svjedodžbu.
00:44
Now, in this discussion today,
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U današnjoj raspravi
00:46
I'm going to focus
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ću se usmjeriti
00:47
on a different aspect of MOOCs.
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na razne aspekte MOOT-ova.
00:51
We are taking what we are learning
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Koristimo ono što učimo
00:53
and the technologies we are developing in the large
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i tehnologije koje razvijamo na veliko
00:56
and applying them in the small
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te ih primjenjujemo na malo
00:58
to create a blended model of education
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da stvorimo izmiješan model obrazovanja
01:01
to really reinvent and reimagine
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da stvarno ponovno osmislimo i preobrazimo
01:03
what we do in the classroom.
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ono što radimo u učionici.
01:05
Now, our classrooms could use change.
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Našim učionicama bi dobro došla promjena.
01:07
So, here's a classroom
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Ovo je učionica
01:10
at this little three-letter institute
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na malom troslovnom institutu
01:12
in the Northeast of America, MIT.
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u sjeveroistočnoj Americi, MIT.
01:15
And this was a classroom about 50 or 60 years ago,
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Ovako je izgledala učionica prije nekih
50 - 60 godina,
50 - 60 godina,
01:17
and this is a classroom today.
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a ovako izgleda danas.
01:20
What's changed?
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Što se promijenilo?
01:24
The seats are in color.
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Sjedala su u boji.
01:26
Whoop-de-do.
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Hura.
01:29
Education really hasn't changed
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Obrazovanje se zapravo nije promijenilo
01:32
in the past 500 years.
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u zadnjih 500 godina.
01:34
The last big innovation in education
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Zadnje velike inovacije u obrazovanju
01:36
was the printing press and the textbooks.
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su bili tisak i udžbenici.
Sve se ostalo oko nas promijenilo.
01:40
Everything else has changed around us.
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01:41
You know, from healthcare to transportation,
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Od zdravstva do prijevoza,
01:43
everything is different,
but education hasn't changed.
but education hasn't changed.
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sve je drugačije,
no obrazovanje se nije mijenjalo.
no obrazovanje se nije mijenjalo.
01:47
It's also been a real issue in terms of access.
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Uz to postoji i problem
dostupnosti.
dostupnosti.
01:50
So what you see here
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Ono što vidite ovdje
01:52
is not a rock concert.
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nije rock koncert.
01:54
And the person you see at the end of the stage
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A osoba na kraju bine
01:57
is not Madonna.
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nije Madonna.
01:59
This is a classroom
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Ovo je učionica
02:00
at the Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria.
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na Sveučilištu Obafemi Awolowo u Nigeriji.
02:05
Now, we've all heard of distance education,
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Svi smo čuli za obrazovanje na daljinu,
02:09
but the students way in the back,
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no mislim da studenti otraga,
02:10
200 feet away from the instructor,
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70 metara od profesora,
02:12
I think they are undergoing long-distance education.
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prisustvuju obrazovanju na stvarno veliku
daljinu.
daljinu.
02:17
Now, I really believe
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Stvarno vjerujem
02:19
that we can transform education,
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da tehnologijom
02:21
both in quality and scale and access,
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možemo preobraziti obrazovanje
02:24
through technology.
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u kvaliteti, količini i pristupu,
02:26
For example, at edX,
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Na primjer, na edX-u,
02:30
we are trying to transform education
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pokušavamo preobraziti obrazovanje
02:32
through online technologies.
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mrežnim tehnologijama.
02:35
Given education has been calcified for 500 years,
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S obzirom da je obrazovanje okamenjeno
već 500 godina,
već 500 godina,
02:38
we really cannot think about reengineering it,
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ne možemo ga preoblikovati,
upravljati na mikro razini.
02:41
micromanaging it.
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02:42
We really have to completely reimagine it.
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Moramo ga u potpunosti ponovno izmisliti.
02:44
It's like going from ox carts to the airplane.
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Nešto poput prijevoza od zaprežnih kola
do aviona.
do aviona.
Čak se i infrastruktura mora promijeniti.
02:48
Even the infrastructure has to change.
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02:50
Everything has to change.
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Sve se mora promijeniti.
02:51
We need to go from lectures on the blackboard
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Moramo prijeći iz nastave na ploči
02:55
to online exercises, online videos.
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na online vježbe i videe.
02:57
We have to go to interactive virtual laboratories
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Moramo prijeći na interaktivne
virtualne laboratorije
virtualne laboratorije
03:00
and gamification.
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i na igru.
Moramo prijeći na potpuno
online ocjenivanje,
online ocjenivanje,
03:01
We have to go to completely online grading
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03:03
and peer interaction and discussion boards.
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interakciju suradnika i forume.
03:06
Everything really has to change.
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Sve se stvarno treba promijeniti.
03:08
So at edX and a number of other organizations,
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Na edX-u i brojnim drugim organizacijama,
03:11
we are applying these technologies to education
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primjenjujemo tehnologije na obrazovanje
03:13
through MOOCs to really
increase access to education.
increase access to education.
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kroz MOOT-ove da bismo stvarno povećali
dostupnost obrazovanju.
dostupnost obrazovanju.
03:16
And you heard of this example,
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Čuli ste za ovaj primjer,
03:18
where, when we launched our very first course --
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kada smo pokrenuli naš prvi tečaj --
03:20
and this was an MIT-hard
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to je bio tečaj MIT-a
03:22
circuits and electronics course --
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o strujnim krugovima i elektronici --
03:24
about a year and a half ago,
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prije otprilike godinu i pol,
03:27
155,000 students from 162 countries
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155.000 studenata iz 162 zemlje
03:32
enrolled in this course.
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se prijavilo na ovaj tečaj.
03:34
And we had no marketing budget.
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Nismo imali marketing budžet.
03:36
Now, 155,000 is a big number.
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155.000 je velik broj.
03:40
This number is bigger
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Taj broj je veći
03:41
than the total number of alumni of MIT
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od cjelokupnog broja studenata MIT-a
03:44
in its 150-year history.
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u njegovoj 150-godišnjoj povijesti.
03:48
7,200 students passed the course,
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7.200 studenata je položilo tečaj,
03:50
and this was a hard course.
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a to je bio zahtjevan tečaj.
03:53
7,200 is also a big number.
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7.200 je također velik broj.
03:56
If I were to teach at MIT two semesters every year,
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Da podučavam na MIT-u
dva semestra svake godine,
dva semestra svake godine,
04:00
I would have to teach for 40 years
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morao bih podučavati 40 godina
04:02
before I could teach this many students.
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da poučim ovaj broj studenata.
04:05
Now these large numbers
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Ovi veliki brojevi
04:07
are just one part of the story.
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su samo jedan dio priče.
04:09
So today, I want to discuss a different aspect,
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Danas želim raspraviti drugačiji pogled,
04:11
the other side of MOOCs,
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drugu stranu MOOT-ova,
04:13
take a different perspective.
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uzeti drugačiju perspektivu.
04:15
We are taking what we develop
and learn in the large
and learn in the large
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Uzimamo ono što razvijamo i učimo
na veliko
na veliko
04:18
and applying it in the small
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i primjenjujemo to na malo
04:19
to the classroom, to create
a blended model of learning.
a blended model of learning.
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u učionici, kako bismo stvorili
izmiješan model učenja.
izmiješan model učenja.
04:23
But before I go into that, let me tell you a story.
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No, prije nego počnem,
ispričat ću vam priču.
ispričat ću vam priču.
04:28
When my daughter turned 13, became a teenager,
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Kada je moja kćer navršila 13,
postala tinejdžer,
postala tinejdžer,
04:32
she stopped speaking English,
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prestala je govoriti engleski,
04:35
and she began speaking this new language.
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i počela govoriti novim jezikom.
04:38
I call it teen-lish.
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Ja ga zovem tinejdžerski.
04:41
It's a digital language.
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To je digitalan jezik.
04:43
It's got two sounds: a grunt and a silence.
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Ima dva zvuka: glasanje i tišinu.
04:50
"Honey, come over for dinner."
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"Dušo, dođi, večera je gotova."
04:53
"Hmm."
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"Hmm."
04:55
"Did you hear me?"
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"Jesi li me čula?"
04:57
Silence. (Laughter)
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Tišina. (Smijeh)
04:59
"Can you listen to me?"
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"Možeš li me slušati?"
05:01
"Hmm."
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"Hmm."
05:02
So we had a real issue with communicating,
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Imali smo problem s komunikacijom,
05:04
and we were just not communicating,
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i jednostavno nismo komunicirali,
05:06
until one day I had this epiphany.
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dok jednog dana nisam
doživio prosvjetljenje.
doživio prosvjetljenje.
05:09
I texted her. (Laughter)
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Poslao sam joj poruku. (Smijeh)
05:12
I got an instant response.
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I dobio sam trenutačan odgovor.
05:14
I said, no, that must have been by accident.
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Rekoh, ma ne, to je slučajnost.
05:16
She must have thought, you know,
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Sigurno je pomislila, znate,
05:17
some friend of hers was calling her.
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da ju zove netko od prijatelja.
05:19
So I texted her again. Boom, another response.
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Pa sam joj opet poslao poruku.
Bum, novi odgovor.
Bum, novi odgovor.
05:22
I said, this is great.
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Rekoh, ovo je odlično.
05:24
And so since then, our life has changed.
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Otada se naš život promijenio.
05:26
I text her, she responds.
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Pošaljem joj poruku, ona odgovara.
05:28
It's just been absolutely great.
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Apsolutno odlično.
05:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
05:36
So our millennial generation
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Dakle, naša je milenijska generacija
05:38
is built differently.
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izgrađena drugačije.
05:40
Now, I'm older, and my
youthful looks might belie that,
youthful looks might belie that,
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Ja sam stariji, iako moj mladenački izgled
možda zavarava,
možda zavarava,
05:42
but I'm not in the millennial generation.
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no nisam iz generacije milenijalaca.
No, naša su djeca stvarno drugačija.
05:46
But our kids are really different.
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05:48
The millennial generation is completely comfortable
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Milenijska generacija je potpuno stopljena
05:50
with online technology.
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s online tehnologijom.
05:51
So why are we fighting it in the classroom?
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Zašto se onda borimo protiv
toga u učionicama?
toga u učionicama?
05:53
Let's not fight it. Let's embrace it.
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Nemojmo se boriti. Prigrlimo to.
05:55
In fact, I believe -- and I have two fat thumbs,
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Ustvari, vjerujem -- a imam dva debela
05:56
I can't text very well --
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palca, ne mogu dobro tipkati --
05:58
but I'm willing to bet that with evolution,
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no spreman sam se kladiti da će
evolucijom,
evolucijom,
06:00
our kids and their grandchildren
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naša djeca i njihovi unuci
06:02
will develop really, really little, itty-bitty thumbs
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razviti vrlo, vrlo male palčeve
06:04
to text much better,
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kako bi bolje tipkali;
06:06
that evolution will fix all of that stuff.
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da će evolucija sve to riješiti.
No što ako bismo prigrlili tehnologiju,
06:08
But what if we embraced technology,
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06:10
embraced the millennial generation's
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prigrlili prirodne sklonosti
06:13
natural predilections,
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generacije milenijalaca,
06:14
and really think about creating
these online technologies,
these online technologies,
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i stvarno razmislili o stvaranju online
tehnologija,
tehnologija,
06:17
blend them into their lives.
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izmiješali ih u njihov život.
06:19
So here's what we can do.
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Evo što možemo napraviti.
06:20
So rather than driving our kids into a classroom,
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Umjesto vožnje naše djece do učionica,
06:23
herding them out there at 8 o'clock in the morning --
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okupljajući ih tamo u 8 ujutro --
06:25
I hated going to class at 8 o'clock in the morning,
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ja sam mrzio biti na nastavi u 8 ujutro,
06:28
so why are we forcing our kids to do that?
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pa zašto silimo naše klince da to rade?
06:30
So instead what you do
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Umjesto toga im dajete
06:31
is you have them watch videos
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da gledaju videe
06:33
and do interactive exercises
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i rade interaktivne vježbe
06:35
in the comfort of their dorm rooms, in their bedroom,
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u udobnosti domova, u njihovim sobama,
06:38
in the dining room, in the bathroom,
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u blagovaonici, u zahodu.
06:40
wherever they're most creative.
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gdje god su najkreativniji.
06:42
Then they come into the classroom
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Tek tada dolaze na nastavu
06:44
for some in-person interaction.
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za interakciju uživo.
06:48
They can have discussions amongst themselves.
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Mogu imati međusobne rasprave.
06:50
They can solve problems together.
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Mogu zajedno rješavati probleme.
06:51
They can work with the professor
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Mogu surađivati s profesorom
06:52
and have the professor answer their questions.
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a on će im odgovarati na pitanja.
06:55
In fact, with edX, when we
were teaching our first course
were teaching our first course
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Ustvari, s edX-om, kada smo diljem svijeta
podučavali naš prvi tečaj
podučavali naš prvi tečaj
06:59
on circuits and electronics around the world,
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o strujnim krugovima i elektronici,
07:02
this was happening unbeknownst to us.
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ovo se događalo i bez našeg znanja.
07:04
Two high school teachers
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Dva srednjoškolska profesora
07:06
at the Sant High School in Mongolia
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na srednjoj školi Sant u Mongoliji
07:09
had flipped their classroom,
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su potpuno okrenuli nastavu
07:11
and they were using our video lectures
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i koristili video predavanja
07:14
and interactive exercises,
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i interaktivne vježbe,
07:16
where the learners in the high school,
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gdje su učenici u srednjoj školi,
07:17
15-year-olds, mind you,
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15-godišnjaci, za informaciju,
07:19
would go and do these things in their own homes
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radili ove stvari u domovima
07:21
and they would come into class,
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i dolazili na nastavu,
07:22
and as you see from this image here,
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te, kako vidite iz ove slike,
07:24
they would interact with each other
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surađivali međusobno
07:25
and do some physical laboratory work.
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i radili fizički u laboratoriju.
07:27
And the only way we discovered this
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Jedini način da mi saznamo
07:29
was they wrote a blog
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za ovo je bio njihov blog
07:30
and we happened to stumble upon that blog.
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na koji smo slučajno nabasali.
07:34
We were also doing other pilots.
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Također smo radili druge pilot projekte.
07:36
So we did a pilot experimental blended courses,
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Radili smo pilot eksperimentalne
izmiješane tečajeve
izmiješane tečajeve
07:39
working with San Jose State University in California,
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surađujući sa Sveučilištem
San Jose u Kaliforniji,
San Jose u Kaliforniji,
07:42
again, with the circuits and electronics course.
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ponovo s tečajem o strujnim krugovima
i elektronici.
i elektronici.
07:44
You'll hear that a lot. That course has become
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Čut ćete to puno puta.
Ovaj tečaj je postao
Ovaj tečaj je postao
07:46
sort of like our petri dish of learning.
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3476
naša Petrijeva zdjelica za učenje.
07:49
So there, the students would, again,
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Tamo su, profesori ponovno
07:52
the instructors flipped the classroom,
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2727
preokrenuli nastavu,
07:54
blended online and in person,
189
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1721
izmiješali online i uživo,
07:56
and the results were staggering.
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2308
a rezultati su bili zapanjujući.
07:58
Now don't take these results to the bank just yet.
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Nemojte se odmah kladiti u ove rezultate.
08:01
Just wait a little bit longer as we
experiment with this some more,
experiment with this some more,
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Pričekajte još malo da nešto više
eksperimentiramo,
eksperimentiramo,
08:04
but the early results are incredible.
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2161
no rani rezultati su nevjerojatni.
08:06
So traditionally, semester upon semester,
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2397
Tradicionalno, semestar za semestrom,
08:08
for the past several years, this course,
195
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2341
tijekom zadnjih nekoliko godina,
ovaj tečaj,
ovaj tečaj,
08:11
again, a hard course,
196
479000
1689
ponavljam, zahtjevan tečaj,
08:12
had a failure rate of about 40 to 41 percent
197
480689
3116
je imao stopu pada od oko 40 - 41%
08:15
every semester.
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1500
svaki semestar.
08:17
With this blended class late last year,
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2698
S ovom izmiješanom nastavom na kraju
prošle godine,
prošle godine,
08:20
the failure rate fell to nine percent.
200
488003
3981
stopa pada je pala na 9%.
08:23
So the results can be extremely, extremely good.
201
491984
3763
Dakle, rezultati mogu biti iznimno,
iznimno dobri.
iznimno dobri.
08:27
Now before we go too far into this,
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3227
Prije nego odemo preduboko u temu,
08:30
I'd like to spend some time discussing
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2652
volio bih raspraviti
08:33
some key ideas.
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1149
neke ključne ideje.
08:34
What are some key ideas
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1211
Koje su ključne ideje
08:35
that makes all of this work?
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503986
2857
koje omogućuju da ovo sve radi?
08:38
One idea is active learning.
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2227
Jedna ideja je aktivno učenje.
08:41
The idea here is, rather than have students
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2440
Ovdje je ideja da, umjesto da studenti
08:43
walk into class and watch lectures,
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511510
2186
ulaze u učionicu i prate predavanja,
08:45
we replace this with what we call lessons.
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3042
to zamijenimo onime
što mi zovemo lekcijama.
što mi zovemo lekcijama.
08:48
Lessons are interleaved sequences
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2244
Lekcije su naizmjenični slijedovi
08:50
of videos and interactive exercises.
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2681
videa i interaktivnih vježbi.
08:53
So a student might watch a five-, seven-minute video
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3179
Učenik može pogledati video od 5, 7 minuta
08:56
and follow that with an interactive exercise.
214
524842
3040
i nastaviti na interaktivnu
vježbu koja slijedi.
vježbu koja slijedi.
08:59
Think of this as the ultimate
Socratization of education.
Socratization of education.
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527882
3145
Razmislite o ovome kao o krajnjoj
sokratizaciji obrazovanja.
sokratizaciji obrazovanja.
09:03
You teach by asking questions.
216
531027
1980
Podučavate postavljanjem pitanja.
09:05
And this is a form of learning
217
533007
1504
Ovo je način učenja
09:06
called active learning,
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534511
1277
koji se zove aktivno učenje,
09:07
and really promoted by a very early paper, in 1972,
219
535788
3279
promoviran vrlo ranim radom,
09:11
by Craik and Lockhart,
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539067
1518
Craika i Lockharta, iz 1972.
09:12
where they said and discovered
221
540585
1521
u kojemu kažu i otkrivaju
09:14
that learning and retention really relates strongly
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2380
da su učenje i zadržavanje snažno povezani
09:16
to the depth of mental processing.
223
544486
1749
s dubinom mentalne obrade.
09:18
Students learn much better
224
546235
1492
Studenti uče puno bolje
09:19
when they are interacting with the material.
225
547727
3188
kada su u interakciji s materijalom.
09:22
The second idea is self-pacing.
226
550915
2778
Druga ideja je samostalno
određivanje brzine.
određivanje brzine.
09:25
Now, when I went to a lecture hall,
227
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1636
Kada sam ja dolazio u predavaonicu,
09:27
and if you were like me,
228
555329
1290
ako ste bili poput mene,
09:28
by the fifth minute I would lose the professor.
229
556619
1966
izgubio bih profesora u petoj minuti.
09:30
I wasn't all that smart, and I would
be scrambling, taking notes,
be scrambling, taking notes,
230
558585
3580
Nisam bio toliko pametan, švrljao bih,
zapisivao natuknice,
zapisivao natuknice,
09:34
and then I would lose the lecture
for the rest of the hour.
for the rest of the hour.
231
562165
3191
i onda bih se izgubio do kraja nastave.
09:37
Instead, wouldn't it be nice with online technologies,
232
565356
2470
Umjesto toga, ne bi li bilo lijepo da, s
online tehnologijom,
online tehnologijom,
09:39
we offer videos and interactive
engagements to students?
engagements to students?
233
567826
3868
nudimo videe i interaktivne sadržaje
studentima?
studentima?
09:43
They can hit the pause button.
234
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1731
Mogu pritisnuti gumb za pauzu.
09:45
They can rewind the professor.
235
573425
2491
Mogu premotati profesora.
09:47
Heck, they can even mute the professor.
236
575916
3099
Mogu čak i ugasiti zvuk profesora.
09:51
So this form of self-pacing
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579015
2054
Ova vrsta određivanja tempa
09:53
can be very helpful to learning.
238
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2625
može biti jako korisna za učenje.
09:55
The third idea that we have is instant feedback.
239
583694
3354
Treća ideja je da imamo trenutačnu
povratnu informaciju.
povratnu informaciju.
09:59
With instant feedback,
240
587048
1477
Uz pomoć toga,
10:00
the computer grades exercises.
241
588525
1855
računalo trenutačno ocjenjuje vježbe.
10:02
I mean, how else do you teach 150,000 students?
242
590380
2295
Kako drugačije podučavati
150.000 studenata?
150.000 studenata?
10:04
Your computer is grading all the exercises.
243
592675
2294
Vaše računalo ocjenjuje sve vježbe.
10:06
And we've all submitted homeworks,
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594969
1534
Svi smo predavali zadaće,
a vaše ocjene su dolazile
dva tjedna kasnije,
dva tjedna kasnije,
10:08
and your grades come back two weeks later,
245
596503
2041
10:10
you've forgotten all about it.
246
598544
1624
kada ste i zaboravili na zadaću.
10:12
I don't think I've still received
some of my homeworks
some of my homeworks
247
600168
2077
Mislim da još uvijek nisam dobio neke od
zadaća
zadaća
10:14
from my undergraduate days.
248
602245
1485
iz mojih preddiplomskih dana.
10:15
Some are never graded.
249
603730
1347
Neke nisu nikad ocijenjene.
10:17
So with instant feedback,
250
605077
1494
Dakle, s povratnom vezom,
10:18
students can try to apply answers.
251
606571
1490
studenti mogu pokušati
primijeniti odgovore.
primijeniti odgovore.
10:20
If they get it wrong, they can get instant feedback.
252
608061
2409
Ako su u krivu, to mogu odmah saznati.
10:22
They can try it again and try it again,
253
610470
1648
Mogu pokuašavati opet i opet,
10:24
and this really becomes much more engaging.
254
612118
1933
te ovo postaje mnogo privlačnije.
10:26
They get the instant feedback,
255
614051
1583
Dobiju trenutačnu informaciju,
10:27
and this little green check mark that you see here
256
615634
2919
a ova mala zelena kvačica koju vidite
10:30
is becoming somewhat of a cult symbol at edX.
257
618553
3590
postaje svojevrsni kultni simbol na edX-u.
10:34
Learners are telling us that they go to bed at night
258
622143
2888
Učenici nam govore da odlaze noću u krevet
10:37
dreaming of the green check mark.
259
625047
3444
sanjajući zelenu kvačicu.
10:40
In fact, one of our learners
260
628491
1802
Ustvari, jedan od njih
10:42
who took the circuits course early last year,
261
630293
2781
koji je koristio tečaj o elektronici
rano prošle godine,
rano prošle godine,
10:45
he then went on to take a software course
262
633074
1932
je uzeo tečaj o softverima
10:47
from Berkeley at the end of the year,
263
635006
2301
s Berkeleya krajem godine,
10:49
and this is what the learner had to say
264
637307
2146
i napisao sljedeće
10:51
on our discussion board
265
639453
1272
na našem forumu
10:52
when he just started that course
266
640725
1526
o zelenoj kvačici
10:54
about the green check mark:
267
642251
2521
kada je tek započeo taj tečaj:
10:56
"Oh god; have I missed you."
268
644772
2057
"O Bože, kako si mi nedostajala."
10:58
When's the last time you've seen students
269
646829
2698
Kada ste zadnji put vidjeli studente
11:01
posting comments like this about homework?
270
649527
4461
da šalju ovakve komentare u vezi zadaće?
11:05
My colleague Ed Bertschinger,
271
653988
2396
Moj kolega Ed Bertschinger,
11:08
who heads up the physics department at MIT,
272
656384
2170
koji je pročelnik odsjeka za
fiziku na MIT-u,
fiziku na MIT-u,
11:10
has this to say about instant feedback:
273
658554
2844
je rekao ovo u vezi instantne
povratne informacije:
povratne informacije:
11:13
He indicated that instant feedback
274
661398
3001
Indicirao je da trenutačne
povratne informacije
povratne informacije
11:16
turns teaching moments into learning outcomes.
275
664399
5775
pretvaraju trenutke podučavanja u
ishode učenja.
ishode učenja.
11:22
The next big idea is gamification.
276
670174
2292
Sljedeća velika ideja je
pretvaranje u igru.
pretvaranje u igru.
11:24
You know, all learners engage really well
277
672466
1901
Svi učenici vrlo dobro surađuju s
11:26
with interactive videos and so on.
278
674367
1509
interaktivnim videima, itd.
11:27
You know, they would sit down and shoot
279
675876
1265
Sjedili bi i pucali
11:29
alien spaceships all day long until they get it.
280
677141
2344
u vanzemaljske brodove cijeli dan dok
ne uspiju.
ne uspiju.
11:31
So we applied these gamification
techniques to learning,
techniques to learning,
281
679485
2787
Primijenili smo te tehnike na učenje,
11:34
and we can build these online laboratories.
282
682272
2223
te možemo stvoriti online laboratorije.
11:36
How do you teach creativity?
How do you teach design?
How do you teach design?
283
684495
2247
Kako podučavati kreativnost?
Kako podučavati dizajn?
Kako podučavati dizajn?
11:38
We can do this through online labs
284
686752
1669
To možemo kroz online labose
11:40
and use computing power
285
688421
1277
koristeći snagu računala
11:41
to build these online labs.
286
689698
1589
kako bismo ih izgradili.
11:43
So as this little video shows here,
287
691287
2388
Kako ovaj video pokazuje,
11:45
you can engage students
288
693675
1465
možete angažirati studente
11:47
much like they design with Legos.
289
695140
1607
slično kao što stvaraju Lego kockama.
11:48
So here, the learners are building a circuit
290
696747
1918
Ovdje, učenici grade strujni krug
11:50
with Lego-like ease.
291
698665
1891
s lakoćom slaganja Lego kocki.
11:52
And this can also be graded by the computer.
292
700556
4091
Ovo također može ocijeniti računalo.
11:56
Fifth is peer learning.
293
704647
2934
Peto je učenje sa suradnicima.
11:59
So here, we use discussion forums and discussions
294
707581
2835
Ovdje koristimo forume, rasprave
12:02
and Facebook-like interaction
295
710416
2100
i interakciju poput one na Facebook-u
12:04
not as a distraction,
296
712516
1864
ne kao distrakciju,
12:06
but to really help students learn.
297
714380
2847
već da zapravo pomognete učenicima
učiti.
učiti.
12:09
Let me tell you a story.
298
717227
1717
Ispričati ću vam priču.
12:10
When we did our circuits course
299
718944
3226
Kada smo radili naš tečaj
o strujnim krugovima
o strujnim krugovima
12:14
for the 155,000 students,
300
722170
1866
za 155.000 studenata,
12:16
I didn't sleep for three nights
301
724036
1665
nisam spavao tri noći
12:17
leading up to the launch of the course.
302
725701
1887
nakon pokrenutog tečaja.
12:19
I told my TAs, okay, 24/7,
303
727588
2559
Rekao sam svojim asistentima
da ćemo raditi
da ćemo raditi
12:22
we're going to be up
304
730147
1266
24/7 i biti budni,
12:23
monitoring the forum, answering questions.
305
731413
1874
pratiti forum, odgovarati na pitanja.
12:25
They had answered questions for 100 students.
306
733287
1973
Odgovorili su na pitanja 100 studenata.
12:27
How do you do that for 150,000?
307
735260
2861
Kako to učiniti za 150.000?
12:30
So one night I'm sitting up there, at 2 a.m. at night,
308
738121
2336
Sjedim jedne noći za time u 2 ujutro,
12:32
and I think there's this question
309
740457
1221
i pojavilo se pitanje
12:33
from a student from Pakistan,
310
741678
1971
studenta iz Pakistana.
12:35
and he asked a question, and I said,
311
743649
1328
Postavio je pitanje, i kažem si:
12:36
okay, let me go and type up an answer,
312
744977
1456
"U redu, daj mi da napišem odgovor,
12:38
I don't type all that fast,
313
746433
1608
ne tipkam toliko brzo."
12:40
and I begin typing up the answer,
314
748041
1564
Počnem pisati odgovor,
12:41
and before I can finish,
315
749605
1694
i prije nego što sam završio,
12:43
another student from Egypt
popped in with an answer,
popped in with an answer,
316
751299
2674
student iz Egipta se ubacio s odgovorom,
12:45
not quite right, so I'm fixing the answer,
317
753973
1918
ne baš točnim, stoga ispravljam odgovor,
12:47
and before I can finish, a student from the U.S.
318
755891
1968
i prije nego završim, student iz SAD-a
12:49
had popped in with a different answer.
319
757859
1609
se ubaci s drugim odgovorom.
12:51
And then I sat back, fascinated.
320
759468
2800
Naslonio sam se, fasciniran.
12:54
Boom, boom, boom, boom, the students were
321
762268
1947
Bum, bum, bum, bum, studenti su
12:56
discussing and interacting with each other,
322
764215
1951
raspravljali međusobno,
12:58
and by 4 a.m. that night, I'm totally fascinated,
323
766166
2518
i do 4 ujutro te noći, skroz fasciniran --
13:00
having this epiphany,
324
768684
1468
imam prosjetljenje --
13:02
and by 4 a.m. in the morning,
325
770152
1256
i do 4 ujutro,
13:03
they had discovered the right answer.
326
771408
1753
došli su do točnog odgovora.
13:05
And all I had to do was go and bless it,
327
773161
1727
Sve što sam trebao je blagosloviti ga:
13:06
"Good answer."
328
774888
1966
"Dobar odgovor."
13:08
So this is absolutely amazing,
329
776854
2352
Ovo je apsolutno zadivljujuće,
13:11
where students are learning from each other,
330
779206
1810
gdje studenti uče jedan od drugoga,
13:13
and they're telling us that they are learning
331
781016
2817
i govore nam da uče,
13:15
by teaching.
332
783833
2297
podučavanjem.
13:18
Now this is all not just in the future.
333
786130
1980
Ovo nije samo u budućnosti.
13:20
This is happening today.
334
788110
1752
Ovo se događa danas.
13:21
So we are applying these blended learning pilots
335
789862
2317
Primjenjujemo ove
pokušaje izmiješanog podučavanja
pokušaje izmiješanog podučavanja
13:24
in a number of universities and
high schools around the world,
high schools around the world,
336
792179
2741
na raznim sveučilištima i srednjim školama
diljem svijeta,
diljem svijeta,
13:26
from Tsinghua in China
337
794920
1786
od Tsinghua u Kini
13:28
to the National University of Mongolia in Mongolia
338
796706
2432
do Nacionalnog sveučilišta Mongolije
u Mongoliji
u Mongoliji
13:31
to Berkeley in California --
339
799138
1611
do Berkeleya u Kaliforniji --
13:32
all over the world.
340
800749
1359
diljem svijeta.
13:34
And these kinds of technologies really help,
341
802108
2024
Ove vrste tehnologija stvarno pomažu,
13:36
the blended model can really help
342
804132
1549
izmiješani model stvarno pomaže
13:37
revolutionize education.
343
805681
2098
u revoluciji obrazovanja.
13:39
It can also solve a practical problem of MOOCs,
344
807779
3411
Može također riješiti i praktičan problem
MOOT-ova,
MOOT-ova,
13:43
the business aspect.
345
811190
1680
poslovni aspekt.
13:44
We can also license these MOOC courses
346
812870
2316
Možemo dati licencu ovih MOOT-ova
13:47
to other universities,
347
815186
1739
drugim sveučilištima,
13:48
and therein lies a revenue model for MOOCs,
348
816925
2564
i stvoriti izvor prihoda za MOOT-ove
13:51
where the university that
licenses it with the professor
licenses it with the professor
349
819489
2389
gdje sveučilište koje zatraži
licencu s profesorom
licencu s profesorom
13:53
can use these online courses
350
821878
1837
može koristiti ove online tečajeve
13:55
like the next-generation textbook.
351
823715
2201
kao udžbenike sljedeće generacije.
13:57
They can use as much or as little as they like,
352
825916
2455
Mogu ih koristiti u kojoj god mjeri žele,
14:00
and it becomes a tool in the teacher's arsenal.
353
828371
5486
oni postaju alat u profesorovom arsenalu.
14:05
Finally, I would like to have you
354
833857
2050
Na kraju, volio bih
14:07
dream with me for a little bit.
355
835907
2841
da sanjate malo sa mnom.
14:10
I would like us to really reimagine education.
356
838748
4169
Volio bih da stvarno ponovno zamislimo
obrazovanje.
obrazovanje.
14:14
We will have to move from lecture halls to e-spaces.
357
842917
4125
Morat ćemo se prebaciti iz predavaonica
u e-prostore.
u e-prostore.
14:19
We have to move from books to tablets
358
847042
2675
Moramo se prebaciti s knjiga na tablete
14:21
like the Aakash in India
359
849717
1826
kao Aakash u Indiji
14:23
or the Raspberry Pi, 20 dollars.
360
851543
2348
ili Raspberry Pi, 20 dolara.
14:25
The Aakash is 40 dollars.
361
853891
2007
Aakash je 40 dolara.
14:27
We have to move from
bricks-and-mortar school buildings
bricks-and-mortar school buildings
362
855898
2914
Moramo se prebaciti iz
ciglenih i žbukanih škola
ciglenih i žbukanih škola
14:30
to digital dormitories.
363
858812
2621
u digitalne studentske domove.
14:33
But I think at the end of the day,
364
861433
1448
No, mislim da na kraju svega,
14:34
I think we will still need one lecture hall
365
862881
2242
ipak trebamo jednu predavaonicu
14:37
in our universities.
366
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2562
na našim sveučilištima.
14:39
Otherwise, how else do we tell our grandchildren
367
867685
2824
Jer kako ćemo inače reći unucima
14:42
that your grandparents sat in that room
368
870509
3395
da su njihovi djedovi i bake
sjedili u toj sobi,
sjedili u toj sobi,
14:45
in neat little rows like cornstalks
369
873904
3224
u urednim malim redovima poput kukuruza,
14:49
and watched this professor at the end
370
877128
2553
i gledali profesora na kraju predavaonice
14:51
talk about content and, you know,
371
879681
2647
kako priča o sadržaju i, znate,
14:54
you didn't even have a rewind button?
372
882328
2647
nisu čak imali ni gumb za premotavanje?
14:56
Thank you.
373
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2228
Hvala vam.
14:59
(Applause)
374
887203
1991
(Pljesak)
15:01
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
375
889194
6751
Hvala. Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anant Agarwal - Education innovatorThrough blended courses Anant Agarwal is pairing online education with face-to-face student-faculty interactions, reshaping the university campus experience.
Why you should listen
In the spring of 2012, Anant Agarwal, a professor of computer science at MIT, taught a course called “Circuits and Electronics.” As usual, it was MIT-level challenging, requiring knowledge of differential equations and calculus. Unlike in the past, though, the course enrolled 155,000 students from 162 countries around the world.
It was the inaugural offering of what is now edX , an online learning venture of MIT and Harvard, which Agarwal helms. Through this nonprofit -- one of the leading forces of the massive open online course (MOOC) movement -- Agarwal aims to make higher education globally available, for free.
Which does not preclude in-person education. On campus, Agarwal is pushing for what he calls blended courses, which interweave digital content and face-to-face interactions. "I see online learning as a rising tide that will lift all boats,” Agarwal says.
Agarwal holds the Guinness World Record for the largest microphone array, and was named one of Forbes' top education innovators in 2012. Find him on Twitter at @agarwaledu.
Anant Agarwal | Speaker | TED.com