Dan Knights: How we study the microbes living in your gut
Dan Knights: Bagaimana kami mempelajari mikroba yang hidup di usus Anda
Dan Knights develops computational methods for doing precision medicine with gut bacterial communities, or microbiomes, and he applies those methods to study human disease. Full bio
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that's living in your gut,
satu mikroba yang hidup di usus Anda,
mungkin akan mengatakan, E. coli.
It's the best-known of the gut microbes.
E. coli adalah mikroba usus terkenal.
is outnumbered in your gut
kalah jumlah dalam usus Anda
you probably haven't heard of.
Anda belum tahu
Prevotella is another example.
juga Prevotella adalah contoh lainnya.
the modern human gut.
usus manusia modern.
microbes living inside you.
yang hidup di dalam usus Anda.
yang hidup dalam diri kita --
living inside you --
if you took a blade of grass
jika Anda mengambil sehelai rumput,
living in your gut,
mikroba yang hidup dalam usus Anda,
sejuta lapangan sepakbola.
to life in modern society,
kehidupan dalam masyarakat modern,
mikroba normal kita,
related to the gut
yang terkait dengan usus
in developed nations all around the world.
di negara-negara maju di seluruh dunia.
someone who suffers from obesity,
seseorang yang menderita obesitas,
or ulcerative colitis,
atau kolitis usus,
and autoimmunity
dengan metabolisme dan autoimunitas
of healthy diversity in the gut.
mikroba yang sehat di usus.
non-human primates.
to a monkey's microbiome
terjadi pada mikrobiom monyet
ke kebun binatang.
Apakah mereka mendapat mikroba baru?
Do they pick up new bugs?
Does it get better or worse?
Tambah baik atau buruk?
species in the jungle,
the DNA from their stool.
in my research lab.
mikroba dalam lab saya.
is that in the wild,
saat mereka di hutan,
totally different sets of microbes.
mikroba yang sangat berbeda.
most of that diversity
mereka kehilangan keragaman mikroba itu
some other set of microbes.
tropical rainforest
sebuah hutan tropis yang lebat
that we're talking about.
yang sedang kita bicarakan.
keragamannya hilang.
that's been burned to the ground
beberapa spesies invasif.
in a captive primate.
dalam monyet di kebun binatang.
are not doing so well.
tidak begitu sehat.
holding onto their lives.
hampir kehilangan nyawanya.
very interested to find out
sangat tertarik untuk mencari tahu
that are taking over in the zoo.
mengambil alih di kebun binatang.
and what the DNA told us
dari DNA kami peroleh informasi
by Bacteroides and Prevotella,
dan Prevotella,
in our guts as modern humans.
di usus kita sebagai manusia modern.
untuk menggambarkan ini,
from multivariate ecology
ekologi multi variabel
we were studying onto an axis.
yang kami pelajari pada satu sumbu.
is a distance plot
adalah grafik jarak
is a different animal's microbiome.
mikrobiom pada hewan berbeda.
a whole zoo of microbes.
satu kebun binatang mikroba.
that have a lot of microbes in common
banyak kesamaan mikroba
are farther apart.
terpisah jauh.
are over on the left.
monyet liar di sisi kiri.
highly endangered monkeys
yang terancam punah
are monkeys from Costa Rica.
monyet dari Costa Rica.
mikrobiom yang berbeda di hutan.
totally different microbiomes in the wild.
of monkey in the zoo are converging,
bertemu di kebun binatang
much more similar to each other,
satu sama lain
on different continents,
di benua yang berbeda
and they're eating different diets.
dan juga makanan yang berbeda.
some other species of primate.
spesies primata lainnya.
do you think is even more divergent
menurut Anda lebih berbeda
than the captive primates?
primata di kebun binatang?
living in developing nations.
di negara berkembang.
from the wild primates
dari primata liar
all the way on the right,
pelajari di sisi kanan
on the back of my neck,
"Oh, that's interesting,
"Ini menarik sekali,
to becoming like Americans."
menjadi seperti orang Amerika."
melihatnya adalah
are like super-captive monkeys.
monyet di kebun binatang.
at this figure on my computer screen
ini pada layar komputer saya
that four of the red-shanked doucs
bahwa empat monyet dari Vietnam
akibat masalah usus.
living inside them
yang hidup di ususnya
to the human part of the story.
pada bagian manusia.
as frequently as in the zoo,
sesering di kebun binatang,
of obesity, diabetes,
terhadap obesitas, diabetes,
who have been living in the USA
orang-orang yang hidup di AS
and refugee groups,
kelompok imigran dan pengungsi
metabolisme yang sehat
for obesity and diabetes
obesitas dan diabetes yang sama
this issue with two groups
dengan dua kelompok
from Southeast Asia:
in the mid-1970s
di pertengahan 1970-an.
and the US secret war in Laos;
dan perang rahasia AS di Laos
more recently as refugees from Myanmar.
ini sebagai pengungsi dari Myanmar.
communities and clinicians
to the Hmong and Karen microbiomes
pada mikrobiom para Hmong dan Karen
and villages in Thailand to the USA.
pengungsi dan dusun di Thailand ke AS.
come to the USA from these groups,
of their microbiome,
and become obese
ke AS dan menjadi gemuk
a dramatic change in your microbiome,
drastis dalam mikrobiom Anda,
actually causing the obesity,
a change in the microbes?
perubahan mikroba?
that we're following up on,
yang sedang kami teliti,
from a number of labs around the world
sejumlah lab di seluruh dunia
in the microbiome
tertentu dalam mikrobiom
kind of Westernized diseases.
kebarat-baratan lainnya.
your microbiome can actually change.
mikrobiom Anda dapat berubah.
of research happening right now
yang dilakukan sekarang
how we can restore our microbiomes
dapat memulihkan mikrobiom kita
selanjutnya
from healthy people around the world
mikroba dari orang sehat di seluruh dunia
as cultural assets for those groups
aset budaya untuk kelompok itu
as they adapt to modern society,
beradaptasi ke masyarakat modern.
to have increased risk of these diseases
lebih tinggi dari penyakit tersebut
to restore and replenish our microbiomes,
dibutuhkan untuk melestarikan mikroba kita
will live happier and healthier lives,
lebih lama dan lebih bahagia,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Knights - Computational microbiologistDan Knights develops computational methods for doing precision medicine with gut bacterial communities, or microbiomes, and he applies those methods to study human disease.
Why you should listen
Trillions of bacteria live in our guts, protecting us from infection and aiding our digestion, yet these communities are so complex that we need advanced computational methods to study them. In his multidisciplinary research lab, Dan Knights combines expertise in data mining and biology to learn about how modern lifestyles and medical practices are affecting our microbiomes and leading to increases in modern diseases.
Knights received his PhD in computer science from the University of Colorado, followed by a post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School. He has co-authored more than 70 highly cited articles in top multidisciplinary journals. In 2015 he was named a McKnight Land-Grant Professor by the University of Minnesota. His lab is building a next-generation informatics pipeline for microbiome-targeted drug discovery, linking nutrition and microbial activity to clinical outcomes.
Dan Knights | Speaker | TED.com