TED2015
Christopher Soghoian: How to avoid surveillance ... with the phone in your pocket
Christopher Soghoian: Bagaimana menghindari pengawasan -- dengan ponsel di saku Anda
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
2,236,919 views
Siapa yang mendengarkan pada pembicaraan Anda di telepon? Di saluran telepon kabel, bisa siapa saja, kata aktivis privasi Christopher Soghoian, karena pengawasan dengan pengintaian yang dibangun ke dalam sistem telepon secara otomatis memungkinkan pemerintah untuk mendengarkannya. Tapi juga bisa didengarkan oleh intelijen asing ... atau kriminal. Itulah sebabnya, kata Soghoian, beberapa perusahaan teknologi menolak seruan pemerintah untuk membangun sistem pengintaian yang sama ke ponsel dan sistem pesan singkat yang baru. Pelajari bagaimana beberapa perusahaan teknologi berupaya menjaga panggilan dan pesan Anda tetap menjadi privasi Anda.
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For more than 100 years,
0
1343
1729
Selama lebih dari 100 tahun,
00:15
the telephone companies have provided
wiretapping assistance to governments.
wiretapping assistance to governments.
1
3096
4026
perusahaan telepon telah membantu
pemerintah menyadap telepon.
pemerintah menyadap telepon.
00:19
For much of this time,
this assistance was manual.
this assistance was manual.
2
7146
3538
Sebagian besar, bantuan tersebut
diberikan secara manual.
diberikan secara manual.
00:22
Surveillance took place manually
and wires were connected by hand.
and wires were connected by hand.
3
10708
4118
Pengawasan dilakukan secara manual
dan kabel dihubungkan oleh manusia.
dan kabel dihubungkan oleh manusia.
00:26
Calls were recorded to tape.
4
14850
1750
Telepon direkam ke pita.
00:29
But as in so many other industries,
5
17334
2144
Namun seperti dalam industri lainnya,
00:31
computing has changed everything.
6
19502
1766
komputer mengubah segalanya.
00:33
The telephone companies
built surveillance features
built surveillance features
7
21725
3023
Perusahaan telepon membuat
fitur pengawasan
fitur pengawasan
00:36
into the very core of their networks.
8
24772
2045
ke dalam pusat jaringan mereka.
00:39
I want that to sink in for a second:
9
27494
1980
Saya ingin Anda betul-betul memahaminya:
00:41
Our telephones and the networks
that carry our calls
that carry our calls
10
29498
4260
Telepon kita dan jaringan
yang digunakannya
yang digunakannya
00:45
were wired for surveillance first.
11
33782
2373
terlebih dulu disambungkan
untuk pengawasan.
untuk pengawasan.
00:48
First and foremost.
12
36179
1403
Terlebih dahulu.
00:50
So what that means is that
when you're talking to your spouse,
when you're talking to your spouse,
13
38763
3826
Artinya, saat Anda berbicara
dengan pasangan, anak,
dengan pasangan, anak,
00:54
your children, a colleague
or your doctor on the telephone,
or your doctor on the telephone,
14
42613
4322
kolega, atau dokter Anda di telepon,
00:58
someone could be listening.
15
46959
1486
seseorang mungkin mendengarkan.
01:00
Now, that someone might
be your own government;
be your own government;
16
48901
2565
Seseorang itu mungkin pemerintah kita;
01:03
it could also be another government,
a foreign intelligence service,
a foreign intelligence service,
17
51490
4163
mungkin juga pemerintah negara lain,
badan intelijen asing;
badan intelijen asing;
01:07
or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker
18
55677
2827
atau peretas, penjahat, dan penguntit
01:10
or any other party that breaks into
the surveillance system,
the surveillance system,
19
58528
3570
ataupun pihak lain yang menyusup
ke dalam sistem pengawasan,
ke dalam sistem pengawasan,
01:14
that hacks into the surveillance system
of the telephone companies.
of the telephone companies.
20
62122
4489
meretas ke dalam sistem pengawasan
perusahaan telepon.
perusahaan telepon.
01:19
But while the telephone companies
have built surveillance as a priority,
have built surveillance as a priority,
21
67834
4522
Meski perusahaan telepon memprioritaskan
pembuatan pengawasan,
pembuatan pengawasan,
01:24
Silicon Valley companies have not.
22
72380
1816
perusahaan di Silicon Valley sebaliknya.
01:26
And increasingly,
over the last couple years,
over the last couple years,
23
74523
2519
Selama beberapa tahun terakhir,
makin banyak perusahaan Silicon Valley
yang mengembangkan teknologi enkripsi
yang mengembangkan teknologi enkripsi
01:29
Silicon Valley companies have built
strong encryption technology
strong encryption technology
24
77066
3662
01:32
into their communications products
25
80752
1938
ke dalam produk komunikasi mereka
01:34
that makes surveillance
extremely difficult.
extremely difficult.
26
82714
2266
yang menyulitkan pengawasan.
01:37
For example, many of you
might have an iPhone,
might have an iPhone,
27
85416
2174
Contoh, banyak dari Anda
mungkin punya iPhone,
mungkin punya iPhone,
01:39
and if you use an iPhone
to send a text message
to send a text message
28
87614
2690
dan bila Anda memakai iPhone
untuk mengirim pesan teks
untuk mengirim pesan teks
01:42
to other people who have an iPhone,
29
90328
2177
ke orang lain yang punya iPhone,
01:44
those text messages
cannot easily be wiretapped.
cannot easily be wiretapped.
30
92529
3010
pesan teks itu akan sulit untuk disadap.
01:47
And in fact, according to Apple,
31
95563
1828
Bahkan, menurut Apple,
01:49
they're not able to even see
the text messages themselves.
the text messages themselves.
32
97415
2891
bahkan mereka sendiri tidak bisa melihat
pesan teks tersebut.
pesan teks tersebut.
01:52
Likewise, if you use FaceTime
to make an audio call
to make an audio call
33
100662
3866
Sama halnya, bila Anda memakai FaceTime
untuk melakukan telepon biasa
untuk melakukan telepon biasa
01:56
or a video call with one of your
friends or loved ones,
friends or loved ones,
34
104552
2611
atau telepon video dengan
teman atau pacar kita,
teman atau pacar kita,
01:59
that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.
35
107187
2129
sangat sulit disadap.
02:01
And it's not just Apple.
36
109340
1545
Bukan hanya Apple.
02:03
WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook
37
111315
2352
WhatsApp, yang kini dimiliki Facebook
02:05
and used by hundreds of millions
of people around the world,
of people around the world,
38
113691
2858
dan dipakai ratusan juta orang
di seluruh dunia,
di seluruh dunia,
02:08
also has built strong
encryption technology into its product,
encryption technology into its product,
39
116573
3507
juga telah memasukkan teknologi enkripsi
ke dalam produknya,
ke dalam produknya,
02:12
which means that people
in the Global South can easily communicate
in the Global South can easily communicate
40
120104
3507
yang artinya orang-orang di
Global South dapat mudah berkomunikasi
Global South dapat mudah berkomunikasi
02:15
without their governments,
often authoritarian,
often authoritarian,
41
123635
2810
tanpa disadap oleh pemerintah,
02:18
wiretapping their text messages.
42
126469
1734
yang mungkin otoriter.
02:21
So, after 100 years of being able
to listen to any telephone call --
to listen to any telephone call --
43
129599
4945
Jadi, setelah 100 tahun bisa mendengarkan
setiap panggilan telepon --
setiap panggilan telepon --
02:26
anytime, anywhere --
44
134568
2554
kapan saja, di mana saja --
02:29
you might imagine that government
officials are not very happy.
officials are not very happy.
45
137146
3131
Anda bisa bayangkan, para pejabat
pemerintah tidak begitu senang.
pemerintah tidak begitu senang.
02:32
And in fact, that's what's happening.
46
140301
1786
Dan faktanya, itulah yang terjadi.
02:34
Government officials are extremely mad.
47
142111
2219
Pejabat pemerintah sangat marah.
02:36
And they're not mad because
these encryption tools are now available.
these encryption tools are now available.
48
144354
3875
Dan mereka marah bukan karena
alat enkripsi ini sekarang tersedia.
alat enkripsi ini sekarang tersedia.
02:40
What upsets them the most
49
148253
1818
Hal yang paling menganggu mereka
02:42
is that the tech companies have built
encryption features into their products
encryption features into their products
50
150095
4167
adalah bahwa perusahaan teknologi telah
membangun fitur enkripsi dalam produknya
membangun fitur enkripsi dalam produknya
02:46
and turned them on by default.
51
154286
1873
dan menyalakannya sebagai
pengaturan standar.
pengaturan standar.
02:48
It's the default piece that matters.
52
156547
1970
Menjadikannya standar inilah yang penting.
02:50
In short, the tech companies
have democratized encryption.
have democratized encryption.
53
158541
3775
Singkatnya, perusahaan teknologi
telah mendemokratisasi enkripsi.
telah mendemokratisasi enkripsi.
02:55
And so, government officials
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
54
163165
3797
Dan juga, pejabat pemerintah
seperti PM Inggris David Cameron,
seperti PM Inggris David Cameron,
02:58
they believe that all communications --
emails, texts, voice calls --
emails, texts, voice calls --
55
166986
4847
mereka percaya bahwa semua alat komunikasi
-- email, sms, dan panggilan suara --
-- email, sms, dan panggilan suara --
03:03
all of these should be
available to governments,
available to governments,
56
171857
2588
semuanya harus tersedia bagi pemerintah,
03:06
and encryption is making that difficult.
57
174469
2102
dan enkripsi mempersulit hal itu.
03:09
Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic
to their point of view.
to their point of view.
58
177478
3384
Nah, saya sangat bersimpati akan
sudut pandang mereka.
sudut pandang mereka.
03:12
We live in a dangerous time
in a dangerous world,
in a dangerous world,
59
180886
2532
Kita hidup pada waktu dan di dunia
yang berbahaya,
yang berbahaya,
03:15
and there really are bad people out there.
60
183442
2000
dan banyak orang jahat di luar sana.
03:17
There are terrorists and other
serious national security threats
serious national security threats
61
185466
3115
Ada teroris dan ancaman
keamanan nasional serius lainnya
keamanan nasional serius lainnya
03:20
that I suspect we all want
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
62
188605
3977
yang saya kira kita semua ingin
FBI dan NSA mengawasinya.
FBI dan NSA mengawasinya.
03:25
But those surveillance
features come at a cost.
features come at a cost.
63
193345
2703
Tetapi fitur pengawasan tersebut
membutuhkan biaya.
membutuhkan biaya.
03:29
The reason for that is
64
197357
1155
Alasannya adalah
03:30
that there is no such thing
as a terrorist laptop,
as a terrorist laptop,
65
198536
2486
tidak ada yang namanyai laptop teroris
03:33
or a drug dealer's cell phone.
66
201046
1507
atau ponsel pengedar narkoba.
03:34
We all use the same
communications devices.
communications devices.
67
202902
2963
Kita semua menggunakan
alat komunikasi yang sama.
alat komunikasi yang sama.
03:38
What that means is that
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
68
206577
3675
Artinya, jika ponsel pengedar narkoba
03:42
or the terrorists' telephone calls
can be intercepted,
can be intercepted,
69
210276
2545
atau ponsel teroris bisa disadap,
03:44
then so can the rest of ours, too.
70
212845
1996
maka demikian pula dengan punya kita.
03:46
And I think we really need to ask:
71
214865
1627
Dan saya pikir kita perlu bertanya:
03:48
Should a billion people
around the world be using devices
around the world be using devices
72
216516
3127
Haruskah satu miliar orang di seluruh
dunia menggunakan perangkat
dunia menggunakan perangkat
03:51
that are wiretap friendly?
73
219667
1419
yang gampang disadap?
03:55
So the scenario of hacking of surveillance
systems that I've described --
systems that I've described --
74
223407
3748
Jadi skenario membajak sistem pengawasan
yang sudah saya jelaskan tadi --
yang sudah saya jelaskan tadi --
03:59
this is not imaginary.
75
227179
2111
bukanlah sebuah pengandaian.
04:01
In 2009,
76
229622
1152
Di tahun 2009
04:02
the surveillance systems that Google
and Microsoft built into their networks --
and Microsoft built into their networks --
77
230798
4047
sistem pengawasan yang dibangun Google
dan Microsoft dalam jaringan mereka,
dan Microsoft dalam jaringan mereka,
04:06
the systems that they use to respond
to lawful surveillance requests
to lawful surveillance requests
78
234869
3491
sistem yang mereka gunakan untuk merespon
permintaan pengawasan
permintaan pengawasan
04:10
from the police --
79
238384
1166
dari polisi --
04:11
those systems were compromised
by the Chinese government,
by the Chinese government,
80
239574
2668
sistem tersebut diretas oleh
Pemerintah China
Pemerintah China
04:14
because the Chinese government
wanted to figure out
wanted to figure out
81
242266
2397
karena Pemerintah China ingin mengetahui
04:16
which of their own agents
the US government was monitoring.
the US government was monitoring.
82
244687
2892
agen mereka yang mana
yang diawasi Pemerintah AS.
yang diawasi Pemerintah AS.
04:20
By the same token,
83
248269
1271
Dengan cara yang sama,
04:21
in 2004, the surveillance system
built into the network
built into the network
84
249564
3419
di tahun 2004, sistem pengawasan yang
terpasang di dalam jaringan
terpasang di dalam jaringan
04:25
of Vodafone Greece --
Greece's largest telephone company --
Greece's largest telephone company --
85
253007
3174
Vodafone Yunani --
perusahan ponsel terbesar di Yunani --
perusahan ponsel terbesar di Yunani --
04:28
was compromised by an unknown entity,
86
256205
2579
diretas oleh entitas yang tidak diketahui,
04:30
and that feature,
the surveillance feature,
the surveillance feature,
87
258808
2040
dan fitur tersebut, fitur pengawasan itu,
04:32
was used to wiretap
the Greek Prime Minister
the Greek Prime Minister
88
260872
2278
telah digunakan untuk menyadap PM Yunani
04:35
and members of the Greek cabinet.
89
263174
1719
dan anggota kabinet negara Yunani.
04:37
The foreign government or hackers
who did that were never caught.
who did that were never caught.
90
265313
3064
Pemerintah asing atau pembajak yang
melakukannya tak pernah tertangkap.
melakukannya tak pernah tertangkap.
04:41
And really, this gets to the very problem
with these surveillance features,
with these surveillance features,
91
269955
3697
Dan ini adalah akar dari masalah
fitur pengawasan
fitur pengawasan
04:45
or backdoors.
92
273676
1260
atau "jalan belakang" ini.
04:46
When you build a backdoor
into a communications network
into a communications network
93
274960
3202
Ketika Anda membuat jalan belakang
pada jaringan komunikasi
pada jaringan komunikasi
04:50
or piece of technology,
94
278186
1301
atau sebuat teknologi,
04:51
you have no way of controlling
who's going to go through it.
who's going to go through it.
95
279511
3048
Anda tidak bisa mengendalikan
siapa yang akan menggunakannya.
siapa yang akan menggunakannya.
04:55
You have no way of controlling
96
283243
1445
Anda tidak dapat mengatur
04:56
whether it'll be used by your side
or the other side,
or the other side,
97
284712
2770
siapa yang akan menggunakannya,
pihak Anda atau pihak lain,
pihak Anda atau pihak lain,
04:59
by good guys, or by bad guys.
98
287506
1911
oleh orang baik atau orang jahat.
05:01
And so for that reason,
I think that it's better
I think that it's better
99
289980
2519
Dan karena itu,
saya pikir akan lebih baik
saya pikir akan lebih baik
05:04
to build networks
to be as secure as possible.
to be as secure as possible.
100
292523
2652
untuk membangun jaringan seaman mungkin.
05:08
Yes, this means that in the future,
101
296271
2409
Ya, ini artinya di masa depan,
05:10
encryption is going to make
wiretapping more difficult.
wiretapping more difficult.
102
298704
2566
enkripsi akan membuat
penyadapan menjadi lebih sulit.
penyadapan menjadi lebih sulit.
05:13
It means that the police
are going to have a tougher time
are going to have a tougher time
103
301280
2669
Ini artinya polisi akan lebih sulit
05:15
catching bad guys.
104
303949
1336
menangkap penjahat.
05:17
But the alternative would mean
to live in a world
to live in a world
105
305309
2556
Tapi pilihan lainnya adalah
untuk hidup di dunia
untuk hidup di dunia
05:19
where anyone's calls or anyone's
text messages could be surveilled
text messages could be surveilled
106
307889
3631
dimana semua pembicaraan atau pesan pendek
dapat diawasi
dapat diawasi
05:23
by criminals, by stalkers
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
107
311544
3726
oleh kriminal, penguntit
dan badan intelijen asing.
dan badan intelijen asing.
05:27
And I don't want to live
in that kind of world.
in that kind of world.
108
315294
2312
Dan saya tidak mau hidup
di dunia seperti itu.
di dunia seperti itu.
05:30
And so right now,
you probably have the tools
you probably have the tools
109
318102
2715
Dan sekarang, Anda mungkin memiliki
peralatan
peralatan
05:32
to thwart many kinds
of government surveillance
of government surveillance
110
320841
2318
yang menggagalkan berbagai
pengawasan pemerintah
pengawasan pemerintah
05:35
already on your phones
and already in your pockets,
and already in your pockets,
111
323183
2983
di ponsel Anda dan di saku Anda,
05:38
you just might not realize how strong
and how secure those tools are,
and how secure those tools are,
112
326190
3779
mungkin Anda tidak menyadari betapa kuat
dan amannya peralatan tersebut,
dan amannya peralatan tersebut,
05:41
or how weak the other ways
you've used to communicate really are.
you've used to communicate really are.
113
329993
3529
atau seberapa lemah cara komunikasi
Anda sebelumnya.
Anda sebelumnya.
05:46
And so, my message to you is this:
114
334737
2127
Jadi pesan saya untuk Anda adalah:
05:50
We need to use these tools.
115
338110
1653
Kita perlu menggunakan alat ini.
05:52
We need to secure our telephone calls.
116
340239
2304
Kita perlu mengamankan pembicaraan
telepon kita.
telepon kita.
05:54
We need to secure our text messages.
117
342567
1849
Kita perlu mengamankan pesan singkat kita.
05:56
I want you to use these tools.
118
344950
1652
Saya ingin Anda memakai alat ini
05:58
I want you to tell your loved ones,
I want you to tell your colleagues:
I want you to tell your colleagues:
119
346626
3356
Saya ingin Anda memberi tahu orang-orang
terdekat dan rekan-rekan Anda:
terdekat dan rekan-rekan Anda:
06:02
Use these encrypted communications tools.
120
350006
2424
Gunakan alat komunikasi yang dienkripsi.
06:04
Don't just use them
because they're cheap and easy,
because they're cheap and easy,
121
352454
2676
Jangan menggunakannya hanya
karena murah dan mudah,
karena murah dan mudah,
06:07
but use them because they're secure.
122
355154
2004
tapi gunakan karena alat ini aman.
06:09
Thank you.
123
357182
1255
Terima kasih.
06:10
(Applause)
124
358461
3586
(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activistChristopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.
Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com