TED2006
Richard Baraniuk: The birth of the open-source learning revolution
Richard Baraniuk tentang proses belajar berbasis sumber terbuka (open-source)
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
1,134,318 views
Richard Baraniuk, seorang profesor di Universitas Rice, menjelaskan visi yang mendasari Connexions, sistem pendidikan daring berbasis sumber terbuka yang dibentuknya. Sistem ini tak menggunakan buku ajar cetak dan memungkinkan guru mengubah dan berbagi materi mengajar dengan bebas, di seluruh dunia.
Richard Baraniuk - Education visionary
Richard Baraniuk founded Connexions -- now called OpenStax -- a free, open-source, global clearinghouse of course materials. Students and educators tap into its vast store of texts on everything from engineering to ornithology to music, adapting the content as they see fit. Full bio
Richard Baraniuk founded Connexions -- now called OpenStax -- a free, open-source, global clearinghouse of course materials. Students and educators tap into its vast store of texts on everything from engineering to ornithology to music, adapting the content as they see fit. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like
to talk a little bit about today
to talk a little bit about today
0
0
3191
Saya Rich Baraniuk
Dan yang akan saya bicarakan hari ini adalah beberapa ide
00:27
are some ideas that I think
have just tremendous resonance
have just tremendous resonance
1
3215
3721
yang menurut saya sangat selaras
00:30
with all the things that have been
talked about the last two days.
talked about the last two days.
2
6960
3496
dengan seluruh pembicaraan dalam 2 hari terakhir
Bahkan, keselarasannya amat banyak
00:34
So many different points of resonance
3
10480
1776
hingga sulit menyebut semua, tapi saya coba saja.
00:36
that it's going to be difficult
to bring them all up,
to bring them all up,
4
12280
2477
00:38
but I'll try to do my best.
5
14781
1315
Ada yang masih ingat ini?
00:40
Does anybody remember these?
6
16120
1376
00:41
(Laughter)
7
17520
1776
(Tawa)
OK, ini piringan hitam, dan sudah tidak dipakai lagi, bukan?
00:43
OK, so these are LP records
and they've been replaced, right?
and they've been replaced, right?
8
19320
5976
Barang ini tergusur dalam 2 dasawarsa terakhir
00:49
They've been swept away
over the last two decades
over the last two decades
9
25320
2696
oleh teknologi digital yang memampatkan dunia.
00:52
by these types of world-flattening
digitization technologies, right?
digitization technologies, right?
10
28040
4856
00:56
And I think it was best witnessed
11
32920
2616
Bukti paling nyata tentang hal itu
adalah saat Thomas main musik ketika kita masuk ruangan tadi.
00:59
when Thomas was playing the music
as we came in the room today.
as we came in the room today.
12
35560
3816
Yang terjadi di blantika musik adalah ada budaya
01:03
What's happened in the music world
is there's a culture,
is there's a culture,
13
39400
2656
atau ekosistem yg terbentuk
01:06
or an ecosystem that's been created
14
42080
1776
01:07
that, if you take some words from Apple,
15
43880
2576
yang dengan istilah dari Apple,
yakni kita mencipta, mengambil, memadukan dan merekam.
01:10
the catchphrase --
that we create, rip, mix and burn.
that we create, rip, mix and burn.
16
46480
3976
Maksud saya adalah siapa pun di dunia ini bebas
01:14
What I mean by that is that anyone
in the world is free and allowed
in the world is free and allowed
17
50480
3176
dan boleh mencipta musik dan gagasan musikal baru.
01:17
to create new music and musical ideas.
18
53680
2336
Siapa pun boleh mengambil atau meniru gagasan musikal,
01:20
Anyone in the world is allowed
to rip or copy musical ideas,
to rip or copy musical ideas,
19
56040
3696
dan menggunakannya secara inovatif.
01:23
use them in innovative ways.
20
59760
1736
Siapa pun boleh memadukan dengan berbagai gaya
01:25
Anyone is allowed to mix them
in different types of ways,
in different types of ways,
21
61520
2975
membentuk hubungan antar berbagai gagasan musik
01:28
draw connections between musical ideas,
22
64519
2177
dan semua orang boleh merekam atau memproduksi, meneruskan daurnya.
01:30
and people can burn them or create
final products and continue the circle.
final products and continue the circle.
23
66720
3976
Yang terjadi adalah terciptanya
01:34
And what that's done
is it's created, like I said,
is it's created, like I said,
24
70720
2336
komunitas aktif yang sangat terbuka
01:37
a vibrant community that's very inclusive,
25
73080
2000
dimana orang tak henti menghubungkan berbagai gagasan musikal,
01:39
with people continually working
to connect musical ideas,
to connect musical ideas,
26
75104
3712
01:42
innovate them and keep things
constantly up to date.
constantly up to date.
27
78840
3416
berinovasi dan terus memutakhirkan semuanya.
Sehingga lagu terpopuler selalu berganti tiap tahun.
01:46
Today's hit single
is not last year's hit single.
is not last year's hit single.
28
82280
3776
Tapi hari ini saya bukan mau bicara tentang musik.
01:50
But I'm not here
to talk about music today.
to talk about music today.
29
86080
2176
Saya bicara tentang buku
01:52
I'm here to talk about books.
30
88280
1456
01:53
In particular, textbooks
and the kind of educational materials
and the kind of educational materials
31
89760
3416
Khususnya, buku teks dan berbagai materi pengajaran
yang digunakan di sekolah
01:57
that we use every day in school.
32
93200
2416
Ada yang pernah ke sekolah?
01:59
Has anyone here ever been to school?
33
95640
1715
(Tawa)
02:01
(Laughter)
34
97379
1397
Baik, tahukah Anda sedang ada krisis di sekolah-sekolah
02:02
OK, does anybody realize
there's a crisis in our schools,
there's a crisis in our schools,
35
98800
3976
02:06
around the world?
36
102800
1776
di seluruh dunia?
Saya harap, OK, saya tidak akan berpanjang-panjang soal ini,
02:08
I'm not going to spend
too much time on that,
too much time on that,
37
104600
2536
tapi yang mau saya sampaikan adalah kesenjangan
02:11
but what I want to talk about
is some of the disconnects
is some of the disconnects
38
107160
3336
yang terjadi saat penulis menerbitkan buku
02:14
that appear when an author
publishes a book.
publishes a book.
39
110520
2496
yang memang proses penerbitan buku --
02:17
That in fact, the publishing process --
40
113040
1858
02:18
just because of the fact
that it's complicated,
that it's complicated,
41
114922
2191
adalah proses yang rumit
berat, dan buku jadi berharga mahal --
02:21
it's heavy, books are expensive --
42
117137
1679
02:22
creates a sort of a wall
between authors of books
between authors of books
43
118840
3296
menciptakan dinding pemisah antara penulis buku
dan pengguna akhir buku-buku itu,
02:26
and the ultimate users of books,
44
122160
1536
02:27
be they teachers, students
or just general readers.
or just general readers.
45
123720
4096
yaitu para guru, murid atau khalayak umum
02:31
And this is even more true
if you happen to speak a language
if you happen to speak a language
46
127840
3136
Ini makin terasa kalau anda adalah penutur bahasa
02:35
other than one of the world's
major languages, and especially English.
major languages, and especially English.
47
131000
3936
yang bukan bahasa utama dunia, terutama bahasa Inggris,
02:38
I'm going to call these people
below the barrier "shutouts"
below the barrier "shutouts"
48
134960
2816
Saya akan sebut mereka sebagai "Yang Terkucil"
02:41
because they're really
shut out of the process
shut out of the process
49
137800
2143
karena mereka terkucil dari proses
02:43
of being able to share
their knowledge with the world.
their knowledge with the world.
50
139967
2528
berbagi pengetahuan dengan dunia
jadi saya mau menggunakan ide-ide yang kita dapat
02:46
And so what I want to talk about today
is trying to take these ideas
is trying to take these ideas
51
142519
3192
dari dunia musik yang saya sampaikan tadi
02:49
that we've seen in the musical culture
52
145735
1823
untuk mengubah pola pikir kita tentang
02:51
and try to bring these
towards reinventing the way
towards reinventing the way
53
147582
2341
cara menulis buku, menggunakannya, dan mengajar menggunakan buku itu
02:53
we think about writing books,
using them and teaching from them.
using them and teaching from them.
54
149947
3829
Itulah yang akan saya bicarakan hari ini
02:57
So, that's what I'd like to talk about
55
153800
1816
jadi bagaimana mengubah apa yang ada saat ini menjadi apa yang kita butuhkan?
02:59
and, really, how we get
from where we are now
from where we are now
56
155640
2239
03:01
to where we need to go.
57
157903
1273
Pertama supaya mudah saya ajak anda sedikit berandai-andai
03:03
The first thing I'd like you to do
is a little thought experiment.
is a little thought experiment.
58
159200
3096
Bayangkan kalau semua buku di dunia kita ambil.
03:06
Imagine taking all the world's books.
59
162320
1762
Ayo, semuanya membayangkan buku
03:08
OK, everybody imagine books
and imagine just tearing out the pages.
and imagine just tearing out the pages.
60
164106
3510
dan bayangkan kita sobek halaman-halamannya
03:11
So, liberating these pages
61
167640
2096
membebaskan halaman ini dan memindainya jadi data digital
03:13
and imagine digitizing them
and then storing them
and then storing them
62
169760
3256
dan kita simpan dalam wadah global yang besar, saling terhubung.
03:17
in a vast, interconnected,
global repository.
global repository.
63
173040
2896
03:19
Think of it as a massive iTunes
for book-type content.
for book-type content.
64
175960
5616
Anggap saja seperti iTunes, tapi buat buku
bayangkan kalau semua bahan di dalam buku itu kita buat terbuka,
03:25
And then take that material
and imagine making it all open,
and imagine making it all open,
65
181600
3256
03:28
so that people can modify it,
play with it, improve it.
play with it, improve it.
66
184880
3056
jadi orang bisa mengubah, mengutak-atik dan memperbaikinya.
03:31
Imagine making it free,
67
187960
1256
Bayangkan kalau semua itu gratis, jadi siapa pun dapat mengakses
03:33
so that anyone in the world can have
access to all of this knowledge,
access to all of this knowledge,
68
189240
3239
semua pengetahuan ini dan bayangkan dengan teknologi informasi
03:36
and imagine using information technology
69
192503
2353
03:38
so that you can update this content,
improve it, play with it,
improve it, play with it,
70
194880
3336
orang bisa memuktahirkan, memperbaiki dan mengopreknya
dalam hitungan detik alih-alih dalam hitungan tahun
03:42
on a timescale that's more
on the order of seconds instead of years.
on the order of seconds instead of years.
71
198240
4656
Jadi bukan seperti edisi buku yang terbit dwitahun-an
03:46
Instead of editions of a book
coming out every two years,
coming out every two years,
72
202920
2856
bayangkan edisi baru muncul tiap 25 detik
03:49
imagine them coming out every 25 seconds.
73
205800
2936
Jadi bayangkan kalau semua itu ada
03:52
So, imagine we could do that
and imagine we could put people into this.
and imagine we could put people into this.
74
208760
4256
dan orang-orang berpartisipasi di dalamnya
Sehingga tercipta lingkungan yang bukan hanya penulis
03:57
So that we could truly build
an ecosystem with not just authors,
an ecosystem with not just authors,
75
213040
3376
tapi semua orang yang bisa atau mau menulis
04:00
but all the people
who could be or want to be authors
who could be or want to be authors
76
216440
3576
dalam bahasa apapun yang mereka kuasai
04:04
in all the different
languages of the world,
languages of the world,
77
220040
2056
kalau semua ini bisa terealisasi, ini bakal disebut,
04:06
and I think if you could do this,
it would be called --
it would be called --
78
222120
2576
saya rujuk saja sebagai ekosistem pengetahuan
04:08
I'm just going to refer to it
as a knowledge ecosystem.
as a knowledge ecosystem.
79
224720
2576
Jadi itulah impiannya
04:11
So, really, this is the dream,
80
227320
2096
yang bisa juga dilihat sebagai
04:13
and in a sense what you can think of it
81
229440
1858
upaya memungkinkan siapa saja di dunia
04:15
is we're trying
to enable anyone in the world,
to enable anyone in the world,
82
231322
2143
benar-benar siapa pun juga di dunia ini
04:17
I mean anyone in the world --
83
233489
1527
jadi pengatur proses pengajarannya sendiri
04:19
(Laughter)
84
235040
1216
04:20
to be their own educational DJ,
85
236280
2096
menciptakan materi pengajaran, membaginya ke seluruh dunia
04:22
creating educational materials,
sharing them with the world,
sharing them with the world,
86
238400
2816
tiada henti berinovasi. Jadi itu impiannya
04:25
constantly innovating on them.
87
241240
1736
04:27
So, this is the dream.
88
243000
1216
Impian ini yang sudah jadi kenyataan
04:28
In fact, this dream
is actually being realized.
is actually being realized.
89
244240
2816
Selama enam setengah tahun belakangan ini
04:31
Over the last six-and-a-half years,
90
247080
1816
04:32
we've been working really hard
at Rice University
at Rice University
91
248920
2656
kami di Universitas Rice bekerja keras
dalam proyek yang dinamakan Connexions,
04:35
on a project called Connexions,
92
251600
1576
jadi apa yg akan saya bicarakan selanjutnya adalah
04:37
and so what I'd like to do
for the rest of the talk
for the rest of the talk
93
253200
2416
menyampaikan apa yang dilakukan banyak orang
04:39
is just tell you a little bit
94
255640
1381
menggunakan Connexions, yang bisa dianggap pasangan dari
04:41
about what people are doing
with Connexions,
with Connexions,
95
257045
2051
04:43
which you can kind of
think of as the counterpoint
think of as the counterpoint
96
259120
2336
topik yg dibawakan Nicholas Negroponte kemarin,
04:45
to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday,
97
261480
1905
di mana mereka menangani sisi perangkat kerasnya
04:47
where they're working on the hardware
of bringing education to the world.
of bringing education to the world.
98
263409
3429
untuk membawa pendidikan ke dunia
04:50
We're working on the open-source tools
99
266862
2474
Kami menangani perangkat lunak dan materinya.
04:53
and the content.
100
269360
1536
04:54
So, that's sort of
to put it in perspective here.
to put it in perspective here.
101
270920
2816
Itu mungkin salah satu cara memandang semua ini
Jadi siapa saja yang menggunakan fasilitas seperti ini?
04:57
So, create.
102
273760
1576
04:59
What are some of the people
that are using these kind of tools?
that are using these kind of tools?
103
275360
2976
Pertama-tama
05:02
Well, the first thing is,
104
278360
1216
05:03
there's a community
of engineering professors,
of engineering professors,
105
279600
2856
ada himpunan profesor teknik dari Cambridge hingga Kyoto,
05:06
from Cambridge to Kyoto,
106
282480
2096
yang menyusun materi pengajaran teknik kelistrikan
05:08
who are developing engineering content
in electrical engineering
in electrical engineering
107
284600
3936
menyusun sesuatu yang boleh dianggap sebuah buku teks super
05:12
to develop what you can think of
as a massive, super textbook
as a massive, super textbook
108
288560
3976
yang mencakup semua topik teknik kelistrikan
05:16
that covers the entire area
of electrical engineering.
of electrical engineering.
109
292560
2936
tapi tak cuma itu, buku ini bisa diubah
05:19
And not only that --
110
295520
1216
05:20
it can be customized for use in each
of their own individual institutions.
of their own individual institutions.
111
296760
4280
sesuai kebutuhan masing-masing lembaga
Kalau orang seperti Kitty Jones -- yang terkucil --
05:26
If people like Kitty Jones, a shut-out --
112
302120
3456
seorang ibu rumah tangga pengajar musik di Champagne di Illinois,
05:29
a private music teacher and mom
from Champagne, Illinois,
from Champagne, Illinois,
113
305600
4376
05:34
who wanted to share her fantastic
music content with the world,
music content with the world,
114
310000
3376
mau berbagi materi pengajarannya yg luar biasa dengan dunia
tenang cara mengajar musik pada anak-anak.
05:37
on how to teach kids how to play music --
115
313400
2256
Hasil karyanya saat ini digunakan sebanyak 600.000 kali per bulan
05:39
Her material is now used
over 600,000 times per month.
over 600,000 times per month.
116
315680
5456
Penggunaan yang amat banyak.
05:45
Tremendous use.
117
321160
1496
05:46
In fact, a lot of this use coming
from United States K-12 schools,
from United States K-12 schools,
118
322680
4256
Banyak penggunanya adalah TK sampai SMA di Amerika Serikat
05:50
because anyone who's involved
in a school scale back,
in a school scale back,
119
326960
4416
karena bagi yang tahu tentang pemotongan anggaran sekolah
hal pertama yang dibuang adalah kurikulum musik
05:55
the first thing that's cut
is the music curriculum.
is the music curriculum.
120
331400
2656
jadi ini sekaligus menunjukkan rasa haus yang amat besar
05:58
And so this is just indicating
the tremendous thirst
the tremendous thirst
121
334080
2496
thd materi gratis yg terbuka spt ini.
06:00
for this kind of open, free content.
122
336600
2136
06:02
A lot of teachers are using this stuff.
123
338760
2376
Banyak guru memakainya. Lalu bagaimana dengan pengambilan?
06:05
What about ripping?
What about copying, reusing?
What about copying, reusing?
124
341160
3056
Penyalinan, penggunaan ulang?
Sekelompok relawan dari Universitas Texas di El Paso
06:08
A team of volunteers
at the University of Texas at El Paso --
at the University of Texas at El Paso --
125
344240
3416
mahasiswa pasca sarjana menerjemahkan gagasan buku teks super bidang teknik ini
06:11
graduate students translating
this engineering super textbook ideas.
this engineering super textbook ideas.
126
347680
4856
dan dalam seminggu, menjadikannya salah satu bahan paling populer
06:16
And within about a week,
127
352560
1616
06:18
having this be some
of our most popular material
of our most popular material
128
354200
2336
dan tersebar luas di seluruh Amerika Latin, khususnya Meksiko
06:20
in widespread use all over Latin America,
and in particular in Mexico,
and in particular in Mexico,
129
356560
4376
06:24
because of the open,
extensible nature of this.
extensible nature of this.
130
360960
2816
karena sifat keterbukaan sistem ini.
06:27
People, volunteers and even companies
131
363800
2816
Orang-orang, relawan dan bahkan perusahaan
06:30
that are translating materials
into Asian languages
into Asian languages
132
366640
2616
menerjemahkannya ke berbagai bahasa Asia
seperti Cina, Jepang dan Thai
06:33
like Chinese, Japanese and Thai,
133
369280
2176
untuk menyebarkannya lebih luas lagi
06:35
to spread the knowledge even further.
134
371480
3400
Ok, sekarang bagaimana memadukannya? Apa makna memadukan?
06:39
OK, what about people who are mixing?
135
375760
1776
06:41
What does "mixing" mean?
136
377560
1176
Memadukan artinya menyusun materi pengajaran
06:42
"Mixing" means
building customized courses,
building customized courses,
137
378760
2016
06:44
means building customized books.
138
380800
3496
atau menyusun buku sesuai kebutuhan.
Perusahaan seperti National Instruments,
06:48
Companies like National Instruments,
139
384320
1736
memasukkan simulasi interaktif dan informatif dalam materinya
06:50
who are embedding very powerful,
interactive simulations
interactive simulations
140
386080
5096
06:55
into the materials,
141
391200
1176
jadi kita bisa melakukan lebih dari yang bisa dilakukan pada buku ajar
06:56
so that we can go way beyond
our regular kind of textbook
our regular kind of textbook
142
392400
2936
yakni dengan mengalami semua bahan pengajaran dan berbagai hal,
06:59
to an experience
143
395360
1216
07:00
that all the teaching materials
are things you can actually interact with
are things you can actually interact with
144
396600
3936
sehingga kita dapat berinteraksi dan bereksperimen
07:04
and play around with
and actually learn as you do.
and actually learn as you do.
145
400560
3936
sambil belajar.
Kami juga bekerja sama dengan Guru Nirbatas (Teachers Without Borders)
07:08
We've been working
with Teachers Without Borders,
with Teachers Without Borders,
146
404520
2336
yang sangat berminat memadukan materi-materi kami.
07:10
who are very interested
in mixing our materials.
in mixing our materials.
147
406880
2239
Mereka menggunakan Connexions sebagai landasan
07:13
They're going to be using
Connexions as their platform
Connexions as their platform
148
409143
2673
07:15
to develop and deliver teaching materials
for teaching teachers how to teach
for teaching teachers how to teach
149
411840
5216
untuk mengembangkan dan menyampaikan bahan ajar
termasuk mengajar guru tentang cara mengajar
di 84 negara di berbagai penjuru dunia
07:21
in 84 countries around the world.
150
417080
2576
TWB saat ini di Irak melatih 20.000 guru, didukung oleh USAID
07:23
TWB is currently in Iraq,
151
419680
3216
07:26
training 20,000 teachers
supported by USAID.
supported by USAID.
152
422920
4536
dan bagi mereka kemampuan memadukan
07:31
And to them, this idea
of being able to remix
of being able to remix
153
427480
2816
materi belajar dengan hal-hal lokal sangatlah penting
07:34
and customize to the local context
is extraordinarily important,
is extraordinarily important,
154
430320
4656
07:39
because just providing
free content to people
free content to people
155
435000
2736
karena menyediakan materi secara gratis saja
07:41
has actually been likened
by people in the developing world
by people in the developing world
156
437760
3016
oleh orang-orang di negara berkembang kadang dianggap
07:44
to a kind of cultural imperialism --
157
440800
2336
sebagai semacam penjajahan budaya,
yakni jika orang tak diberdayakan
07:47
that if you don't empower people
158
443160
1536
07:48
with the ability
to re-contextualize the material,
to re-contextualize the material,
159
444720
2376
dengan kemampuan membentuk ulang konteks bahan-bahan tersebut,
menerjemahkannya ke bahasa mereka dan turut memilikinya,
07:51
translate it into their own language
and take ownership of it,
and take ownership of it,
160
447120
3176
maka hasilnya tak akan bagus.
07:54
it's not good.
161
450320
1736
Organisasi lain yang bekerja sama dengan kami adalah UC Merced,
07:56
OK, other organizations
we've been working with, UC Merced --
we've been working with, UC Merced --
162
452080
4376
UC Merced dikenal
08:00
people know about UC Merced.
163
456480
1776
sebagai universitas baru di California, di Central Valley,
08:02
It's a new university in California,
in the Central Valley,
in the Central Valley,
164
458280
3896
menjalin hubungan dengan lembaga pendidikan masyarakat (community college).
08:06
working very closely
with community colleges.
with community colleges.
165
462200
2736
08:08
They're actually developing
166
464960
1336
Mereka menyusun banyak sekali kurikulum ilmu pengetahuan dan teknik
08:10
a lot of their science
and engineering curriculum
and engineering curriculum
167
466320
2296
untuk disebarkan ke seantero jagad lewat sistem kami
08:12
to spread widely
around the world in our system.
around the world in our system.
168
468640
4496
mereka juga menciptakan perangkat lunak mereka sendiri secara sumber-terbuka.
08:17
And they're also trying to develop
all of their software tools
all of their software tools
169
473160
2905
08:20
completely open-source.
170
476089
1407
Kami juga terlibat dalam program "50 pada 15"-nya AMD
08:21
We've been working with AMD,
which has a project called 50x15,
which has a project called 50x15,
171
477520
4736
yang berupaya membangun konektivitas internet
08:26
which is trying to bring
Internet connectivity
Internet connectivity
172
482280
2736
bagi 50 persen penduduk dunia pada 2015
08:29
to 50 percent of the world's
population by 2015.
population by 2015.
173
485040
3616
Kami akan menyediakan materi mengajar buat mereka
08:32
We're going to be
providing content to them
providing content to them
174
488680
2016
dalam berbagai bahasa
08:34
in a whole range of different languages.
175
490720
2136
08:36
And we've also been working
with a number of other organizations.
with a number of other organizations.
176
492880
3096
masih banyak lagi organisasi yang bekerja sama dengan kami
08:40
In particular, a bunch of the projects
that are funded by Hewlett Foundation,
that are funded by Hewlett Foundation,
177
496000
4016
di antaranya, beberapa proyek
yang didanai Yayasan Hewlett
yang jadi pelopor dalam bidang materi bersifat terbuka ini
08:44
who have taken a real leadership role
in this area of open content.
in this area of open content.
178
500040
4456
Terakhir, rekam, yang menurut saya ini cukup menarik.
08:48
OK, burn -- I think
this is, sort of, quite interesting.
this is, sort of, quite interesting.
179
504520
3576
Rekam adalah upaya menghasilkan produk fisik dari materi-materi yang ada
08:52
"Burn" is the idea of trying
to create the physical instantiation
to create the physical instantiation
180
508120
4256
08:56
of one of these courses.
181
512400
1216
dan sebagian dari Anda,
08:57
And I think a lot of you received --
182
513640
2056
atau semuanya, telah mendapatkan buku musik di paket acara Anda
08:59
I think all of you received one
of these music books in your gift pack.
of these music books in your gift pack.
183
515720
5856
Itu hadiah kecil buat Anda.
09:05
A little present for you.
184
521600
1456
Saya akan jelaskan sedikit saja disini, ini adalah buku teks teknik
09:07
Just to tell you quickly about it:
this is an engineering textbook.
this is an engineering textbook.
185
523080
3496
sekitar 300 halaman, dijilid permanen
09:10
It's about 300 pages long, hardbound.
186
526600
3640
Ada yang tahu harganya?
09:15
This costs -- anybody guess?
187
531200
2320
Berapa kira-kira harganya di toko buku?
09:19
How much would it cost in a bookstore?
188
535320
2056
Peserta: 65 USD
09:21
(Audience) 65 dollars.
189
537400
1216
09:22
Richard Baraniuk:
OK. This costs 22 dollars to the student.
OK. This costs 22 dollars to the student.
190
538640
4736
Richard Baraniuk: Yang ini hanya 22 USD per siswa.
Kenapa bisa cuma 22 USD?
09:27
Why does it cost 22 dollars?
191
543400
1336
09:28
Because it's published on demand
192
544760
1976
Karena ini diterbitkan berdasarkan kebutuhan
09:30
and it's developed
from this repository of open materials.
from this repository of open materials.
193
546760
3536
dan disusun dari himpunan bahan terbuka ini.
Kalau diterbitkan penerbit buku biasa
09:34
If this book were to be published
by a regular publisher,
by a regular publisher,
194
550320
2696
harganya bisa mencapai 122 USD.
09:37
it would cost at least 122 dollars.
195
553040
3176
Jadi pada dasarnya, kami pindahkan perekaman
09:40
So what we're seeing
196
556240
1216
09:41
is moving this burning
or publication process
or publication process
197
557480
2896
atau proses penerbitan yang biasanya dari penulis tunggal
09:44
from the regular,
sort of single-authored book
sort of single-authored book
198
560400
3496
jadi buku yang ditulis oleh komunitas
09:47
towards community-authored materials
199
563920
2376
yang modular, bisa disesuaikan kebutuhan tiap kelas
09:50
that are modular, that are customized
to each individual class
to each individual class
200
566320
3736
dan diterbitkan hanya kalau perlu, dengan murah,
09:54
and published on demand
very inexpensively,
very inexpensively,
201
570080
2656
09:56
either pushed out through Amazon
202
572760
2496
baik lewat toko online Amazon
atau diterbitkan langsung lewat penerbit berbasis pesanan seperti lewat koperasi.
09:59
or published directly
through an on-demand press, like QOOP.
through an on-demand press, like QOOP.
203
575280
4176
Menurut saya ini bidang yang sangat menarik
10:03
And I think that this is
an extraordinarily interesting area
an extraordinarily interesting area
204
579480
3416
10:06
because there is tremendous area
under this long tail in publishing.
under this long tail in publishing.
205
582920
5816
karena daerah di bawah garis ini luas sekali dalam penerbitan
Ini bukan buku semacam Harry Potter, yang ada di sebelah kiri
10:12
We're not talking
about the Harry Potter end,
about the Harry Potter end,
206
588760
2136
10:14
right at the left side.
207
590920
1216
Ini buku tentang persamaan diferensial parsial hiper geometris.
10:16
We're talking about books
208
592160
1216
10:17
on hypergeometric
partial differential equations.
partial differential equations.
209
593400
2616
Yang bisa terjual sekitar 100 buku setahun, 1000 buku setahun
10:20
Books that might sell
100 copies a year, 1,000 copies a year.
100 copies a year, 1,000 copies a year.
210
596040
4296
Agar langgeng perlu pemasukan yang cukup bukan,
10:24
There is tremendous
sustaining revenue under this long tail
sustaining revenue under this long tail
211
600360
4856
untuk menopang tidak hanya proyek terbuka seperti milik kami,
10:29
to sustain open projects like ours,
212
605240
2416
tapi juga menopang tumbuhnya penerbit sesuai keperluan,
10:31
but also to sustain this new emergence
of on-demand publishers,
of on-demand publishers,
213
607680
4856
seperti koperasi yang menerbitkan dua buku ini
10:36
like QOOP, who produced these two books.
214
612560
2296
10:38
And I think one of the things
that you should take away from this talk
that you should take away from this talk
215
614880
3286
dan menurut saya yang harus anda ingat dr seminar ini adalah
mulai berkurangnya kebutuhan pada perantara
10:42
is that there's an impending
cut-out-the-middle-man disintermediation,
cut-out-the-middle-man disintermediation,
216
618190
4026
Disintermediasi. Yang akan terjadi juga di industri penerbitan
10:46
that's going to be happening
in the publishing industry.
in the publishing industry.
217
622240
2656
dan akan memuncak beberapa tahun ke depan,
10:48
And it's going to reach a crescendo
over the next few years,
over the next few years,
218
624920
2856
dan menurut saya itu baik buat kami, baik buat dunia juga.
10:51
and I think that it's for our benefit,
really, and for the world's benefit.
really, and for the world's benefit.
219
627800
3816
Baik, jadi apa faktor yang memungkinkan?
10:55
OK, so what are the enablers?
220
631640
1656
Apa yang memungkinkan semua ini?
10:57
What's really making all of this happen?
221
633320
1936
Banyak sekali teknologi yg dipakai
10:59
There's tons of technology,
222
635280
1616
11:00
and the only piece of technology
that I really want to talk about is XML.
that I really want to talk about is XML.
223
636920
3856
tapi yang akan saya bicarakan cuma satu yaitu XML
11:04
How many people know about XML?
224
640800
1736
Berapa banyak yg kenal XML di sini?
11:06
Oh, great.
225
642560
1216
Wah bagus, jadi ini memang masa depan internet, ya tidak?
11:07
So it's the future of the web, right?
226
643800
1776
Yang merupakan simbol semantik sapaan, materi
11:09
It's semantic representation of content.
227
645600
4376
11:14
And what you can really
think of XML in this case
think of XML in this case
228
650000
2376
XML dalam hal ini bisa dianggap sebagai
cara kami membungkus halaman-halaman yg ada
11:16
is it's the packaging
that we're putting around these pages.
that we're putting around these pages.
229
652400
2896
Masih ingat kita telah mencabut halaman dari buku?
11:19
Remember we took the book,
tore the pages out?
tore the pages out?
230
655320
2256
11:21
Well, what the XML is going to do
231
657600
1896
Yang dimungkinkan oleh XML pada dasarnya adalah --
11:23
is it's going to turn those pages
into Lego blocks.
into Lego blocks.
232
659520
4336
mengubah halaman itu jadi blok Lego
11:27
XML are the nubs on the Lego
233
663880
1896
XML adalah pengunci pada Lego
11:29
that allow us to combine the content
together in a myriad different ways,
together in a myriad different ways,
234
665800
4056
yang memungkinkan kita menggabungkan materi dengan berbagai cara
11:33
and it provides us a framework
to share content.
to share content.
235
669880
3496
dan menyediakan kerangka kerja untuk berbagi materi
Jadi XML memungkinkan kita mengubah
11:37
So, it lets you take this ecosystem
236
673400
3296
ekosistem yang tradisional, semua isinya
11:40
in its primordial state
of all this content,
of all this content,
237
676720
2576
semua halaman yang kita sobek dr buku
11:43
all the pages you've torn out of books,
238
679320
1858
dan membangun mesin pembelajaran yang canggih
11:45
and create highly sophisticated
learning machines:
learning machines:
239
681202
3974
Buku, mata pelajaran, paket mata pelajaran
11:49
books, courses, course packs.
240
685200
2736
11:51
It gives you the ability
to personalize the learning experience
to personalize the learning experience
241
687960
3696
XML memungkinkan kita merancang proses belajar sesuai selera
bagi masing-masing siswa.
11:55
to each individual student,
242
691680
1696
sehingga tiap siswa bisa punya materi belajar
11:57
so that every student
can have a book or a course
can have a book or a course
243
693400
2656
sesuai gaya belajar mereka, konteks mereka
12:00
that's customized to their
learning style, their context,
learning style, their context,
244
696080
3456
bahasa mereka dan kesukaan mereka
12:03
their language and the things
that excite them.
that excite them.
245
699560
2736
XML memungkinkan kita mendaur ulang materi dengan berbagai cara
12:06
It lets you reuse the same materials
in multiple different ways,
in multiple different ways,
246
702320
3616
12:09
and surprising new ways.
247
705960
1976
dan cara-cara baru yang menakjubkan.
12:11
It lets you interconnect ideas,
248
707960
1936
Memungkinkan kita saling menguhubungkan gagasan
12:13
indicating how fields
relate to each other.
relate to each other.
249
709920
4176
menghubungkan berbagai bidang,
dan saya akan sampaikan sebuah cerita pribadi
12:18
And I'll just give you my personal story.
250
714120
2256
Kami membuat ini sekitar 6 setengah tahun yg lalu
12:20
We came up with this
six-and-a-half years ago
six-and-a-half years ago
251
716400
2496
12:22
because I teach the stuff in the red box.
252
718920
2616
karena saya mengajar bahan-bahan di kotak merah.
Pekerjaan saya, seperti kata Chris, adalah profesor teknik kelistrikan
12:25
And my day job, as Chris said --
I'm an electrical engineering professor.
I'm an electrical engineering professor.
253
721560
3776
Saya mengajar pemrosesan sinyal
12:29
I teach signal processing
254
725360
1656
dan kesulitan saya adalah menunjukkan perhitungan ini --
12:31
and my challenge
was to show that this math --
was to show that this math --
255
727040
2536
12:33
Wow, about half of you
have already fallen asleep
have already fallen asleep
256
729600
2336
Wah, separo dari Anda langsung tertidur hanya melihat rumusnya --
12:35
just looking at the equation.
257
731960
1456
(Tawa)
12:37
(Laughter)
258
733440
1176
padahal rumus yang bikin mumet ini sebenarnya pusat
12:38
But this seemingly dry math
259
734640
1456
12:40
is actually the center
of this tremendously powerful web
of this tremendously powerful web
260
736120
4336
dari jaringan luas yang menghubungkan teknologi --
12:44
that links technology --
261
740480
1696
termasuk aplikasi keren seperti synthesizer musik
12:46
that links really cool applications
like music synthesizers
like music synthesizers
262
742200
3736
12:49
to tremendous economic opportunities,
263
745960
3136
sampai ke peluang ekonomi yang luar biasa,
tetapi juga diatur oleh hak atas karya intelektual.
12:53
but also governed
by intellectual property.
by intellectual property.
264
749120
2136
Saya jadi sadar bahwa tak mungkin saya,
12:55
And the thing that I realized
265
751280
1416
12:56
is there was no way
that I, as an engineer,
that I, as an engineer,
266
752720
2256
sebagai insinyur, menulis buku yang menyampaikan semua itu.
12:59
could write this book
that would get all of this across.
that would get all of this across.
267
755000
2620
Kita butuh komunitas untuk itu
13:01
We needed a community to do it
268
757644
1429
dan kita butuh alat baru untuk menghubungkan semua ini,
13:03
and we needed new tools
to be able to interconnect these ideas.
to be able to interconnect these ideas.
269
759097
4039
Dan sesungguhnya, kalau dipikir, apa yang kami lakukan
13:07
And I think that really,
in a sense, what we're trying to do
in a sense, what we're trying to do
270
763160
2856
adalah mewujudkan impian Minsky,
13:10
is make Minsky's dream come to a reality,
271
766040
1976
yakni semua buku yang ada di perpustakaan
13:12
where you can imagine
all the books in a library
all the books in a library
272
768040
2256
saling bicara satu dengan yang lain
13:14
actually starting to talk to each other.
273
770320
1936
buat para guru di luar sana
13:16
And people who are teachers out here --
whoever taught, you know this --
whoever taught, you know this --
274
772280
3696
atau siapapun yang pernah mengajar, akan paham bahwa
13:20
it's the interconnections between ideas
that teaching is really all about.
that teaching is really all about.
275
776000
4496
Mengajar itu hakekatnya adalah kemampuan menghubungkan berbagai ide.
Baiklah, kembali ke rumus, bayangkan,
13:24
OK, back to math.
276
780520
2056
13:26
Imagine -- this is possible:
277
782600
2496
bahwa tiap persamaan yang anda klik di buku teks elektronik
13:29
that every single equation that you
click on in one of your new e-texts
click on in one of your new e-texts
278
785120
4576
adalah sesuatu yang bisa anda jelajahi dan kutak-katik
13:33
is something that you're going to be able
to explore and experiment with.
to explore and experiment with.
279
789720
3736
bayangkan buku matematika anak anda, kelas 1 SMP
13:37
So imagine your kid's
algebra textbook in seventh grade.
algebra textbook in seventh grade.
280
793480
3536
anda bisa klik tiap persamaannya
13:41
You can click on every single equation
281
797040
1896
13:42
and bring up a little tool
to be able to experiment with it,
to be able to experiment with it,
282
798960
2856
dan menampilkan aplikasi buat bereksperimen
13:45
tinker with it, understand it.
283
801840
1856
dioprek, dipahami,
13:47
Because we really
don't understand until we do.
don't understand until we do.
284
803720
2736
karena hanya dengan begitu kita baru mengerti
Seperti penanda mathML untuk matematika, juga untuk kimia.
13:50
The same type of mark-up,
like MathML, for chemistry.
like MathML, for chemistry.
285
806480
4176
13:54
Imagine chemistry textbooks
286
810680
1296
bayangkan buku teks kimia yang bisa menunjukkan
13:56
that actually understand the structure
of how molecules are formed.
of how molecules are formed.
287
812000
4216
bagaimana struktur molekul terbentuk
bayangkan XML musik
14:00
Imagine Music XML
288
816240
1936
yang bisa membuat Anda menjelajahi struktur semantik musik
14:02
that actually lets you delve
into the semantic structure of music,
into the semantic structure of music,
289
818200
3416
memainkannya, memahaminya.
14:05
play with it, understand it.
290
821640
1816
Tak heran semua orang jadi ikut serta.
14:07
It's no wonder that everybody's
getting into it, right?
getting into it, right?
291
823480
3176
Termasuk tiga orang suci (dalam Alkitab)
14:10
Even the three wise men.
292
826680
1256
14:11
(Laughter)
293
827960
1176
(Tawa)
Baik, faktor pendukung kedua, saya akan terpaksa berbohong.
14:13
OK, the second big enabler,
and this is where I told a big lie.
and this is where I told a big lie.
294
829160
5536
Faktor pendukung kedua adalah hak cipta,
14:18
The second big enabler
is intellectual property.
is intellectual property.
295
834720
3136
karena sebetulnya, saya ke sini
14:21
Because, in fact, I got up here
296
837880
1496
dan bilang bahwa dunia musik itu keren
14:23
and I talked about how great
the music culture is.
the music culture is.
297
839400
2336
kita bisa berbagi, memadukan, merekam, padahal itu ilegal
14:25
We can share and rip, mix and burn,
but in fact, that's all illegal.
but in fact, that's all illegal.
298
841760
3616
Kita bisa dituduh membajak,
14:29
And we would be accused
of [piracy] for doing that,
of [piracy] for doing that,
299
845400
3376
14:32
because this music has been propertized.
300
848800
3336
karena musik dijadikan properti.
kebanyakan dimiliki oleh perusahaan besar
14:36
It's now owned,
much of it by big industries.
much of it by big industries.
301
852160
4296
Kita tak boleh membiarkan itu terjadi
14:40
So, really, the key thing here
is we can't let this happen.
is we can't let this happen.
302
856480
2762
Peristiwa Napster itu tidak boleh terulang
14:43
We can't let this
Napster thing happen here.
Napster thing happen here.
303
859266
2710
14:46
So, what we have to do
is get it right from the very beginning.
is get it right from the very beginning.
304
862000
2953
Jadi kami harus pastikan semuanya tepat dari awal
dan yang harus kami lakukan
14:48
And what we have to do
is find an intellectual property framework
is find an intellectual property framework
305
864977
3399
adalah mencari konsep hak cipta yang aman untuk berbagi
14:52
that makes sharing safe
and makes it easily understandable.
and makes it easily understandable.
306
868400
5056
dan membuatnya mudah dimengerti
kami terinspirasi gerakan perangkat lunak sumber-terbuka,
14:57
And the inspiration here
is taken from open-source software.
is taken from open-source software.
307
873480
3816
semacam Linux dan GPL
15:01
Things like Linux and the GPL.
308
877320
3576
15:04
The Creative Commons licenses.
309
880920
2381
dan gagasan lisensi masyarakat kreatif (Creative Commons)
Berapa banyak yg kenal Creative Commons?
15:07
How many people
have heard of creative commons?
have heard of creative commons?
310
883325
2191
Kalau belum, anda harus mempelajarinya. Creativecommons.org
15:09
If you have not, you must learn about it.
311
885540
1956
15:11
Creativecommons.org.
312
887520
1576
Di bagian bawah tiap materi di Connexions
15:13
At the bottom of every piece
of material in Connexions
of material in Connexions
313
889120
3336
dan di banyak proyek lain, anda bisa temukan logonya
15:16
and in lots of other projects,
314
892480
1856
15:18
you can find their logo.
315
894360
1576
15:19
Clicking on that logo
takes you to an absolute no-nonsense,
takes you to an absolute no-nonsense,
316
895960
3576
Tautan pada logo itu akan menampilkan
dokumen dalam bahasa manusia
15:23
human-readable document, a deed,
317
899560
3136
sebuah ikrar yg menjelaskan dengan gamblang hak pakai materi itu
15:26
that tells you exactly
what you can do with this content.
what you can do with this content.
318
902720
2667
Malah, anda bebas untuk membaginya, melakukan apa saja
15:29
In fact, you're free to share it,
to do all of these things:
to do all of these things:
319
905411
3605
digandakan, diubah, bahkan dijual seklipun
15:33
to copy it, to change it,
even to make commercial use of it,
even to make commercial use of it,
320
909040
3056
asal anda rujuk penulisnya
15:36
as long as you attribute the author.
321
912120
2896
Karena dalam penerbitan akademik
15:39
Because in academic publishing
and much of educational publishing,
and much of educational publishing,
322
915040
4416
dan penerbitan pendidikan
yang penting adalah berbagi pengetahuan, dan membuat perubahan
15:43
it's really this idea of sharing knowledge
323
919480
4336
15:47
and making impact.
324
923840
1296
makanya banyak yang menulis tidak untuk uang
15:49
That's why people write,
not necessarily making bucks.
not necessarily making bucks.
325
925160
3856
Kita tidak berbicara tentang Harry Potter.
15:53
We're not talking
about Harry Potter, right?
about Harry Potter, right?
326
929040
2096
Kita di ujung satunya
15:55
We're at the long tail end here.
327
931160
1696
15:56
Behind that is the legal code,
very carefully constructed.
very carefully constructed.
328
932880
4656
Di baliknya adalah aturan hukum,
Jadi harus disusun dengan hati-hati
dan creative common memungkinkan hal itu
16:01
And Creative Commons is taking off --
329
937560
1856
Lebih dari 43 juta materi di luar sana
16:03
over 43 million things out there,
330
939440
4136
berlisensi creative common
16:07
licensed with a Creative Commons license.
331
943600
2096
tidak hanya teks tapi musik, gambar, video
16:09
Not just text,
332
945720
3096
16:12
but music, images, video.
333
948840
2496
dan ada semakin banyak orang yang menggunakan ini
16:15
And there's actually a tremendous uptake
334
951360
2016
yang sungguh-sungguh melisensi karya musik mereka
16:17
of the number of people
that are actually licensing music
that are actually licensing music
335
953400
3456
16:20
to make it free for people
who do this whole idea of re-sampling,
who do this whole idea of re-sampling,
336
956880
3216
agar bisa bebas untuk didaur ulang
diambil, dipadukan, rekam dan bagi
16:24
ripping, mixing, burning and sharing.
337
960120
2136
Saya akan coba simpulkan dengan beberapa hal ini
16:26
OK, I'd like to conclude
with just the last few points.
with just the last few points.
338
962280
3696
16:30
So, we've built this idea of a commons.
339
966000
2376
Kami telah bangun ide kebersamaan ini. Orang-orang telah menggunakannya
16:32
People are using it.
340
968400
1896
Situs kami dikunjungi lebih dari 500.000 orang per bulan
16:34
We get over 500,000 unique visitors
per month, just to our particular site.
per month, just to our particular site.
341
970320
6296
Situs bahan kuliah MIT, yang juga situs berbagi materi secara terbuka,
16:40
MIT OpenCourseWare,
which is another large open-content site,
which is another large open-content site,
342
976640
4056
juga punya pengunjung sebanyak itu, bagaimana menjaganya?
16:44
gets a similar number of hits.
343
980720
2216
16:46
But how do we protect this?
344
982960
1656
bagaimana kami melindungi materi yg ada
16:48
How do we protect it into the future?
345
984640
1776
dan yang pertama terpikir adalah kontrol kualitas, ya tidak
16:50
And the first thing
that people are probably thinking
that people are probably thinking
346
986440
2736
16:53
is quality control, right?
347
989200
1616
16:54
Because we're saying that anybody
can contribute things to this commons.
can contribute things to this commons.
348
990840
4696
Karena semua orang bisa berkontribusi
di kebersamaan ini. Siapa saja bisa menulis apa saja
16:59
Anybody can contribute anything.
349
995560
2816
ini bisa jadi masalah
17:02
So that could be a problem.
350
998400
2536
Dan memang dalam waktu tak lama.
17:04
It didn't take long until people
started contributing materials,
started contributing materials,
351
1000960
4216
orang mulai menulis materi tentang misalnya pakaian dalam
17:09
for example, on lingerie,
352
1005200
2136
yang sebetulnya modul yang cukup bagus
17:11
which is actually a pretty good module.
353
1007360
1976
sayangnya hasil plagiat
17:13
The only problem is it's plagiarized
from a major French feminist journal,
from a major French feminist journal,
354
1009360
5576
dari jurnal feminisme Prancis terkemuka
17:18
and when you go
to the supposed course website,
to the supposed course website,
355
1014960
2816
dan kalau anda buka mata kursusnya
17:21
it points to a lingerie-selling website.
356
1017800
4176
anda dibawa ke situs penjualan pakaian dalam
17:26
So this is a little bit of a problem.
357
1022000
2176
Ini masalah kecil
jadi kita butuh mekanisme kontrol kualitas
17:28
So we clearly need some kind
of idea of quality control
of idea of quality control
358
1024200
3056
yang melahirkan ide tinjauan dan peninjauan antar anggota
17:31
and this is really where the idea
of review and peer review comes in.
of review and peer review comes in.
359
1027280
3696
17:35
You come to TED. Why do you come to TED?
360
1031000
1905
Misalnya anda datang ke TED? Mengapa datang ke TED?
Karena Chris bilang timnya sudah memastikan
17:37
Because Chris and his team have ensured
361
1033400
2415
17:39
that things are
very, very high quality, right?
very, very high quality, right?
362
1035839
3177
semuanya berkualitas tinggi, betul,
kami juga harus melakukan hal yang sama
17:43
And so we need to be able
to do the same thing.
to do the same thing.
363
1039040
2416
kami harus bisa merancang sebuah sistem
17:45
And we need to be able
to design structures,
to design structures,
364
1041480
3056
jadi kami ciptakan sebuah perangkat lunak sosial
17:48
and what we're doing
is designing social software
is designing social software
365
1044560
3056
yang memungkinkan orang membuat sendiri proses tinjauannya
17:51
to enable anyone to build
their own peer review process,
their own peer review process,
366
1047640
3096
yang kami sebut dengan lensa
17:54
and we call these things "lenses."
367
1050760
1816
Intinya lensa memungkinkan siapa saja
17:56
And basically what they allow
368
1052600
1416
17:58
is anyone out there can develop
their own peer-review process,
their own peer-review process,
369
1054040
3416
membangun sendiri proses peninjauan mereka
jadi mereka bisa lebih berkonsentrasi pada materinya
18:01
so that they can focus
on the content in the repository
on the content in the repository
370
1057480
3976
yang mestinya lebih penting
18:05
that they think is really important.
371
1061480
1715
TED misalnya berpotensi jadi lensa yang baik
18:07
And you can think of TED
as a potential lens.
as a potential lens.
372
1063219
3277
Saya akan akhiri ini dengan pesan,
18:10
So I'd just like to end by saying:
373
1066520
1777
anda bisa anggap ini ajakan untuk bertindak
18:12
you can really view this
as a call to action.
as a call to action.
374
1068321
4655
18:17
Connexions and open content
is all about sharing knowledge.
is all about sharing knowledge.
375
1073000
4976
Connexions dan materi terbuka adalah tentang berbagi pengetahuan
18:22
All of you here are tremendously imbued
with tremendous amounts of knowledge,
with tremendous amounts of knowledge,
376
1078000
5016
Anda di sini telah amat banyak dibuai
oleh begitu banyak pengetahuan
yang mau saya lakukan adalah mengajak setiap orang di sini
18:27
and what I'd like to do
is invite each and every one of you
is invite each and every one of you
377
1083040
2776
untuk berkontribusi dalam proyek ini dan proyek sejenis lainnya,
18:29
to contribute to this project
and other projects of its type,
and other projects of its type,
378
1085840
3216
karena saya meyakini, bersama kita bisa melakukan perubahan
18:33
because I think together
we can truly change the landscape
we can truly change the landscape
379
1089080
3776
18:36
of education and educational publishing.
380
1092880
2216
pada pendidikan dan penerbitan pendidikan
Terima kasih banyak
18:39
So, thanks very much.
381
1095120
1200
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Richard Baraniuk - Education visionaryRichard Baraniuk founded Connexions -- now called OpenStax -- a free, open-source, global clearinghouse of course materials. Students and educators tap into its vast store of texts on everything from engineering to ornithology to music, adapting the content as they see fit.
Why you should listen
Rice University professor Richard Baraniuk has a giant vision: to create a free global online education system that puts the power of creation and collaboration in the hands of teachers worldwide. He's realizing that vision with OpenStax (formerly named Connexions), a website that allows teachers to quickly "create, rip, mix and burn" coursework -- without fear of copyright violations. Think of it as Napster for education.
OpenStax's open-source system cuts out the textbook, allowing teachers to share course materials, modify existing work and disseminate it to their students -- all for free, thanks to Creative Commons licensing. Baraniuk envisions OpenStax as a repository where the most up-to-date material can be shared and reviewed (it's far more efficient than waiting for a textbook to be printed); it could become a powerful force in leveling the education playing field. Currently encompassing hundreds of online courses and used by a million people worldwide, Baraniuk's virtual educational system is revolutionizing the way people teach and learn.
Richard Baraniuk | Speaker | TED.com