Asmeret Asefaw Berhe: A climate change solution that's right under our feet
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe: Solusi perubahan iklim ada di bawah kaki kita
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe is a soil and global-change scientist and educator passionate about all things related to the science and beauty of soils. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
posed by climate change
menjadi masalah global
that covers the surface of land,
menutupi permukaan bumi,
our planet's destiny.
nasib planet kita.
that covers the earth's surface,
menutupi permukaan tanah,
and lifelessness in the earth system,
dan tidak adanya kehidupan di bumi,
combat climate change
melawan perubahan iklim
seperti kotoran.
of greenhouse gases
yang meningkat
belum dengar,
our human society could do
yang bisa dilakukan manusia
studying soil since I was 18,
meneliti tanah sejak umur 18 tahun,
the secrets of soil
rahasia di tanah,
really important climate change solution.
solusi perubahan iklim ini.
in the earth's atmosphere
atmosfer bumi
9.4 billion metric tons of carbon
9.4 miliar ton karbon
such as burning fossil fuels
membakar bahan bakar fosil
the way we use land,
cara kita menggunakan tanah,
that stays in the atmosphere
di atmosfer
setengah dari itu,
we keep releasing into the atmosphere
yang kita lepaskan ke atmosfer
by land and the seas
as carbon sequestration.
sebagai sekuestrasi karbon.
you think we're facing
menurut Anda sedang kita hadapi
of 50 percent of our pollution,
50 persen dari pencemaran kita,
are bailing us out.
membantu kita.
working against us right now.
di hadapan kita.
sesuatu yang besar,
of these natural ecosystems
dari ekosistem alami
from the atmosphere
dari atmosfer
degradation because of human actions.
menimbulkan banyak kerusakan.
by these natural ecosystems
ekosistem alami
business-as-usual path that we've been.
jalur seperti ini.
metric tons of carbon in the soil.
karbon di tanah.
the amount of carbon
into the atmosphere currently.
than there is in vegetation and air.
dibanding tanaman dan udara.
of the world's vegetation,
yang ada di dunia,
and the giant sequoias,
dan sequoia raksasa,
on the face of the earth,
pikirkan di muka bumi,
up in the atmosphere, combined,
digabung,
in the amount of carbon stored in soil
jumlah karbon yang terdapat di tanah
in maintenance of the earth's atmosphere.
jumlah karbon di atmosfer bumi.
a storage box for carbon, though.
penyimpanan karbon.
that's in soil at any given time
tanah pada waktu tertentu
coming in and out of the soil.
yang masuk dan keluar dari tanah.
through the process of photosynthesis,
proses fotosintesis,
from the atmosphere
karbon dioksida dari atmosfer,
membuat tubuhnya,
their bodies enter the soil.
tubuhnya memasuki tanah.
formerly living organisms
para mikroba.
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
karbon dioksida ke atmosfer,
such as methane and nitrous oxide,
metana dan dinitrogen monoksida,
we all need to survive.
yang kita perlu untuk bertahan hidup.
such a fundamental component
bagian penting dari
a long-term storage of carbon.
penyimpanan jangka lama karbon.
maybe a year or two
setahun atau dua tahun
if it was left on the surface
jika ditinggal di permukaan
even thousands and more.
hingga ribuan tahun.
makes this possible,
tanah memungkinkan ini,
in physical association with minerals,
dalam hubungan fisik dengan mineral,
to the surfaces of the minerals.
permukaan mineralnya.
terperangkap di tanah,
with soil minerals,
mineral di tanah,
can't easily degrade it.
tidak bisa menghancurkannya.
masih lama
into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.
atmosfer sebagai gas rumah kaca.
to climate change mitigation.
mitigasi perubahan iklim.
is healthy, fertile, soft.
menjadi sehat, subur, dan lembut.
a lot of water and nutrients.
air dan nutrien.
and diverse habitat for living things
kehidupan yang paling beragam
on the earth system.
from the tiniest of the microbes,
untuk mikroba terkecil,
and fiber needs for all animals,
dan fiber untuk semua hewan,
that we should be treating soil
bahwa kita seharusnya menganggap
unprecedented rates of degradation
kerusakan yang parah
that include deforestation,
yang termasuk penggundulan hutan,
yang berlebihan,
of agricultural chemicals,
yang berlebihan,
are currently considered degraded.
sudah termasuk rusak.
karena berbagai alasan,
beberapa saja.
potential to support plant productivity.
mendukung produktivitas tanaman.
to provide the food and other resources
untuk memberi makan dan sumber daya
on the face of the earth.
permukaan bumi.
just in the last 200 years or so,
pada 200 tahun belakang ini
into the atmosphere
karbon ke atmosfer
which we're releasing carbon
kita lepaskan
at high latitudes.
di daerah utara.
of the global soil carbon reserves.
dari karbon di tanah di dunia.
a permanently frozen ground underneath,
yang beku di bawahnya,
in these soils over long periods of time
sedikit demi sedikit
to photosynthesize during the short,
berfotosintesis
turns cold and dark,
menjadi dingin dan gelap,
to efficiently break down the residue.
menghancurkan sisa-sisanya.
in these polar environments
di lingkungan kutub ini
of thousands of years.
pemanasan atmosfer,
dan menguras,
for microbes to come in
decompose all this carbon,
of billions of metric tons of carbon
ton karbon dilepaskan
in the form of greenhouse gases.
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
atmosfer yang berlanjut
positive feedback loop
yang terus menerus
that there is a solution
of soil degradation and climate change.
dan perubahan iklim.
menyebabkan masalah ini,
in simultaneously working
climate-smart land management practices.
praktik pengelolaan lahan cerdas iklim.
in a way that's smart
lahan dalam cara
how much carbon we store in soil.
yang bisa disimpan di tanah,
deep-rooted perennial plants,
menahun yang mempunyai akar dalam,
from agricultural practices,
gangguan dari agrikultur lainnya,
of agricultural chemicals and grazing
agrikultur dan pemakanan rumput oleh hewan
whenever possible,
ketika saatnya memungkinkan,
such as compost and even human waste.
termasuk kompos, bahkan kotoran manusia.
is not a radical idea.
bukan ide yang radikal.
for fertile soils
tanah subur
since time immemorial.
sejak awal kehidupan muncul.
to accomplish exactly this goal.
untuk menyelesaikan tujuan ini.
is known as the "4 per 1000" effort,
dikenal sebagai usaha "4 per 1000",
stored in soil by 0.4 percent annually,
berada di tanah sebesar 0,4% setiap tahun,
land management practices
lahan cerdas iklim
of the global emissions
yang berasal dari karbon bahan bakar fosil
into the atmosphere.
is not fully successful,
ini belum bisa berhasil,
in that direction,
melangkah ke arah itu,
that are healthier, more fertile,
yang lebih sehat, lebih subur,
and resources that we need
dan sumber daya yang kita perlukan
from the atmosphere
climate change mitigation.
perubahan iklim.
call a win-win solution.
solusi sama menang.
with the respect that it deserves:
tanah dengan penuh kehormatan:
as the basis of all life on earth,
mendukung semua kehidupan di bumi,
as a carbon bank
berfungsi sebagai bank karbon,
to control our climate.
mengendalikan iklim kita.
global challenges of our time:
to provide food and nutritional security
makanan dan keamanan nutrisi
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe - Soil scientistAsmeret Asefaw Berhe is a soil and global-change scientist and educator passionate about all things related to the science and beauty of soils.
Why you should listen
As Asmeret Asefaw Berhe tells it: "My research investigates: 1) how the soil system controls the earth's climate, in particular how otherwise thermodynamically unstable organic compounds can remain in soil for up to millennia, and 2) the dynamic two-way relationship between human communities and the soil system that we depend on for our food and nutritional security, and the socio-political implications of land degradation.
"I have a strong commitment towards education, outreach and mentoring. I am driven to ensure that scientific education and careers are equally accessible to people from all walks of life, and that academic workplaces are free from bias and harassment."
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe | Speaker | TED.com