TEDxSussexUniversity
David Birch: A new way to stop identity theft
デイビッド・バーチ: 個人情報を守る新たな方法
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バーテンダーにはあなたの年齢が、小売店ではあなたのPIN(個人認証番号)が必要ですが、名前はそうではありません。名前が必要なのはなりすまし犯だけです。 IDの専門家デイビッド・バーチが、断片化することで個人名を必要としない、より安全な個人認証方法を提案します。
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultant
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So I thought I'd talk about identity.
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IDについてお話します
私には 大変興味深いトピックです
00:15
That's sort of an interesting
enough topic to me.
enough topic to me.
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00:18
And the reason was,
because when I was asked to do this,
because when I was asked to do this,
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その理由は この依頼を受けた時に
00:21
I'd just read, in one of the papers,
I can't remember,
I can't remember,
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ある論文を読み終えたばかりでした 詳細は忘れたものの
00:24
something from someone at Facebook
saying, well,
saying, well,
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Facebook社の誰かが
00:28
"we need to make everybody
use their real names."
use their real names."
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「実名公開の義務化」を提案しました
そうすれば基本的に 全てが解決するそうです
00:29
and then that's basically
all the problems solved.
all the problems solved.
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しかし それは間違っています
00:32
And that's so wrong,
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00:34
that's such a fundamentally,
reactionary view of identity,
reactionary view of identity,
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この本人確認に対する 保守的な見解のせいで
00:38
and it's going to get us
into all sorts of trouble.
into all sorts of trouble.
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あらゆるトラブルに 巻き込まれるのです
そういう訳で
00:40
And so what I thought I'd do
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４つの問題点を説明し
00:41
is I'll explain four
sort of problems about it,
sort of problems about it,
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その解決方法を提案したいと思います
00:45
and then I'll suggest a solution,
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00:47
which hopefully you
might find interesting.
might find interesting.
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ご興味を持っていただければ幸いです
問題を捉えるためにはまず
00:49
So just to frame the problem,
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00:51
what does authenticity mean?
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そもそも 本物とは何でしょうか？
00:53
That's me, that's
a camera phone picture of me
a camera phone picture of me
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これは私が絵を見ているところを 携帯カメラで
00:58
looking at a painting.
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撮影したものです
00:59
[What's the Problem?]
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[それで？]
01:00
That's a painting that was painted
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実はこの絵は悪名高い
01:01
by a very famous forger,
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贋作家が描いた作品なのです
01:03
and because I'm not very good
at presentations,
at presentations,
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― 私はプレゼンが苦手なので
カードにある 名前をすっかり忘れてしまいました ―
01:05
I already can't remember the name
that I wrote on my card.
that I wrote on my card.
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その画家はフランスの印象派といったような 名作を模倣したかどで
01:08
And he was incarcerated
in, I think, Wakefield Prison
in, I think, Wakefield Prison
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01:12
for forging masterpieces by,
I think, French Impressionists.
I think, French Impressionists.
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ウェイクフィールド刑務所に入れられました
01:15
And he's so good at it,
that when he was in prison,
that when he was in prison,
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彼は腕が良かったので 刑務所にいる時に
01:19
everybody in prison,
the governor and whatever,
the governor and whatever,
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刑務所の所長や誰もが
01:20
wanted him to paint masterpieces
to put on the walls,
to put on the walls,
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壁に飾る名画を
01:23
because they were so good.
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描いてもらいたがりました
01:24
And so that's a masterpiece,
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これは名作ではありますが
01:26
which is a fake of a masterpiece,
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名作の贋作であり
01:28
and bonded into the canvas is a chip
which identifies that as a real fake,
which identifies that as a real fake,
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キャンバスには 真正の贋作と表示されているわけです
01:34
if you see what I mean.
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お分かりいただけたでしょうか?
01:36
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:37
So when we're talking about authenticity,
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私達が本物について語る時
01:39
it's a little more fractal than it appears
and that's a good example to show it.
and that's a good example to show it.
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見た目よりもフラクタルだとわかる 良い見本だと思います
01:45
I tried to pick four problems
that will frame the issue properly.
that will frame the issue properly.
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４つの適切な例を示したいと 思います
01:49
So the first problem, I thought,
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最初の問題は
チップとPINについてですね
01:50
Chip and PIN, right?
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01:52
[Banks and legacies
bringing down the system from within]
bringing down the system from within]
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[銀行とシステム崩壊を招くレガシー ]
01:53
[Offline solutions do not work online]
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[オフライン解決策]
01:54
I'm guessing everyone's got
a chip and PIN card, right?
a chip and PIN card, right?
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皆さん IC付きカードをお持ちですよね
01:57
So why is that a good example?
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なぜ 例として挙げるのでしょうか?
01:59
That's the example of how
legacy thinking about identity
legacy thinking about identity
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これは本人確認の従来の考え方が システム構築のセキュリティを
02:02
subverts the security
of a well-constructed system.
of a well-constructed system.
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いかに破壊しているかを示す好例だからです
02:05
That chip and PIN card
that's in your pocket
that's in your pocket
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お手元にある このIC付きカードには
02:08
has a little chip on it
that cost millions of pounds to develop,
that cost millions of pounds to develop,
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何百万ポンドもかけて開発した 小さな IC が載っていて
02:11
is extremely secure,
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安全そのものです
02:13
you can put scanning
electron microscopes on it,
electron microscopes on it,
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電子顕微鏡で調べたり
バラバラにすることはできても
02:15
you can try and grind it down,
blah blah blah.
blah blah blah.
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新聞で読む限り このチップは解読されたことがありません
02:17
Those chips have never been broken,
whatever you read in the paper.
whatever you read in the paper.
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02:20
And for a joke,
we take that super-secure chip
we take that super-secure chip
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これは冗談ですが 私達はこの非常に安全なチップを
02:24
and we bond it to a trivially
counterfeitable magnetic stripe
counterfeitable magnetic stripe
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わざわざ偽造が容易な 磁力テープに貼り付け
02:27
and for very lazy criminals,
we still emboss the card.
we still emboss the card.
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ナマケモノの犯罪者のために エンボス加工しています
02:31
So if you're a criminal in a hurry
and you need to copy someone's card,
and you need to copy someone's card,
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つまり 犯罪者が大急ぎで 誰かのカードをコピーしようとする場合
02:34
you can just stick a piece of paper on it
and rub a pencil over it
and rub a pencil over it
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カードに紙を乗せて 鉛筆でこすればいいのです
02:37
just to sort of speed things up.
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そういった類のスピード技です
02:38
And even more amusingly,
and on my debit card too,
and on my debit card too,
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これは興味深いことに 私のデビットカードも同様です
02:41
we print the name and the SALT code
and everything else on the front too.
and everything else on the front too.
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名前やSALTコードなどが 表面に書かれています
02:44
Why?
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なぜでしょうか？
02:47
There is no earthly reason why your name
is printed on a chip and PIN card.
is printed on a chip and PIN card.
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IC 付きカードに名前を記すのに 現実的な理由はありません
02:51
And if you think about it,
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そう考えてみると
02:53
it's even more insidious and perverse
than it seems at first.
than it seems at first.
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これは予想より はるかに根が深い問題です
02:56
Because the only people that benefit
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カードの記名で得するのは
02:58
from having the name
on the card are criminals.
on the card are criminals.
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犯罪者だけだからです
03:00
You know what your name is, right?
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だって自分の名はご存知ですよね？
03:02
(Laughter)
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(笑)
03:03
And when you go into
a shop and buy something,
a shop and buy something,
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出かけていって 買い物をした時に
03:05
it's a PIN, he doesn't care
what the name is.
what the name is.
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重要なのはPINであって 名前ではないでしょう
03:08
The only place where you ever have
to write your name on the back
to write your name on the back
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カードの裏に名前が必須なのは
03:11
is in America at the moment.
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今のところアメリカだけです
03:12
And whenever I go to America,
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私はアメリカに行って
03:13
and I have to pay with a mag stripe
on the back of the card,
on the back of the card,
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磁気ストライプのカードで払う時は
03:15
I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway,
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カルロス・テザーズとサインしています
単なるセキュリティ対策ですが
03:17
just as a security mechanism,
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03:19
because if a transaction
ever gets disputed,
ever gets disputed,
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デイブ・バーチというサインがあれば
03:21
and it comes back and it says Dave Birch,
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カードの不正使用になります
私はデイブ・バーチと
03:23
I know it must have been a criminal,
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サインしないので犯罪者だと分かります
03:25
because I would never sign it Dave Birch.
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03:28
(Laughter)
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(笑)
03:29
So if you drop your card in the street,
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もし カードを道に落としてしまい
03:31
it means a criminal
can pick it up and read it.
can pick it up and read it.
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それを犯罪者が拾えば 読めるのです
03:33
They know the name,
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名前が分かれば
03:34
from the name they can find the address,
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そこから住所を探して
ウェブで買い物をできるわけです
03:35
and then they can go off
and buy stuff online.
and buy stuff online.
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ではなぜ カードに名前を入れるのでしょうか？
03:38
Why do we put the name on the card?
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03:40
Because we think identity
is something to do with names,
is something to do with names,
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個人認証は名前と関係していると考えているからで
03:44
and because we're rooted
in the idea of the identity card,
in the idea of the identity card,
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IDカードの概念に捕らわれ
03:47
which obsesses us.
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逃れられないからです
03:49
And I know it crashed and burned
a couple of years ago,
a couple of years ago,
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それは数年前におじゃんになりましたが
もし あなたが政治家や個人事業主であり
03:51
but if you're someone in politics
or the home office or whatever,
or the home office or whatever,
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03:56
and you think about identity,
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IDを考えるなら
カードに書かれた名前だけで 個人認証を考えるのは
03:57
you can only think of identity
in terms of cards with names on them.
in terms of cards with names on them.
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現在ではとても致命的です
04:00
And that's very subversive
in a modern world.
in a modern world.
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04:04
So the second example I thought I'd use
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２番目の例は
04:06
is chatrooms.
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チャットルームです
04:08
[Chatrooms and Children]
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[チャットと子供]
04:09
I'm very proud of that picture,
that's my son
that's my son
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自慢の息子の写真です
04:11
playing in his band with his friends
for the first-ever gig,
for the first-ever gig,
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友達とバンドの最初のギグを 行っているところで
04:15
I believe you call it, where he got paid.
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お金を稼いでいるところです
04:17
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:18
And I love that picture.
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この写真は気に入っています
04:20
I like the picture of him
getting into medical school a lot better,
getting into medical school a lot better,
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これで医学部に 遥かに入りやすくなるでしょうからね
04:22
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:23
I like that picture for the moment.
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さしあたり この写真は気に入っているのです
04:25
Why do I use that picture?
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なぜそれを使うのか?
04:26
Because that was very interesting,
watching that experience as an old person.
watching that experience as an old person.
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保護者の立場から この経験をみると興味深いからです
息子と友人達は集まって
04:31
So him and his friends,
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04:33
they get together, they booked a room,
like a church hall,
like a church hall,
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教会のホールなどの部屋を予約して
04:35
and they got all their friends
who had bands,
who had bands,
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バンドを組んでいる友人を
04:37
and they got them together,
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かき集めるといったことを
facebookで行うのです
04:39
and they do it all on Facebook,
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チケットを売り 「メニュー」なるものに最初のバンドが載ります
04:40
and then they sell tickets,
and the first band on the -
and the first band on the -
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04:44
I was going to say "menu,"
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メニューは相応しい
04:45
that's probably
the wrong word for it, isn't it?
the wrong word for it, isn't it?
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言い回しではありませんが
最上位のバンドは
04:47
The first band on the list of bands
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04:49
that appears at some
public music performance of some kind
public music performance of some kind
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公の場所で演奏したこともあるようなバンドでしたが
04:54
gets the sales from the first 20 tickets,
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チケット20枚分の売上をもらえます
04:56
then the next band gets the next 20,
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次のバンドは次の20枚の売上を
04:58
and so on.
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受けとるわけです
04:59
They were at the bottom of the menu,
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メニューの下位の５番目で
05:00
they were like fifth,
I thought they had no chance.
I thought they had no chance.
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息子たちに機会はないと思いましたが
05:02
He actually got 20 quid. Fantastic, right?
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実際は20ポンド稼ぎました 凄いでしょう？
05:04
But my point is,
that all worked perfectly,
that all worked perfectly,
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要するにウェプ以外は
05:06
except on the web.
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うまくいったのです
05:09
So they're sitting on Facebook,
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子供達はFacebookで
05:11
and they're sending these messages
and arranging things
and arranging things
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メッセージをやり取りして あれこれアレンジしましたが
05:14
and they don't know who anybody is, right?
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相手は誰だかわからないわけですね？
05:17
That's the big problem
we're trying to solve.
we're trying to solve.
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これが解決したい問題なのです
05:18
If only they were using the real names,
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誰もが本名を使うとすれば
05:20
Then you wouldn't be worried
about them on the Internet.
about them on the Internet.
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インターネットで心配する事は ありません
だから息子が私に
05:23
And so when he says to me,
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「ギターの話をチャットルームでしたいんだ」と 言ったときは
05:24
"Oh, I want to go to a chatroom
to talk about guitars" or something,
to talk about guitars" or something,
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05:28
I'm like, "oh, well,
I don't want you to go into a chatroom
I don't want you to go into a chatroom
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「だめだ チャットルームで
05:32
to talk about guitars, because
they might not all be your friends,
they might not all be your friends,
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ギターの話をするのはいかん メンバーは友達だけじゃないからな
05:35
and some of the people
that are in the chatroom
that are in the chatroom
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変質者や教師や牧師も
いるかもしれないんだからな
05:37
might be perverts and teachers
and vicars."
and vicars."
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05:41
(Laughter)
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(笑)
05:43
I mean, they generally are,
when you look in the paper, right?
when you look in the paper, right?
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こういったことを新聞でよく 読みますよね？
私はチャットルームにいるのが 誰かを知りたい
05:46
So I want to know who
all the people in the chatroom are.
all the people in the chatroom are.
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05:49
So okay, you can go in the chatroom,
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チャットルームに行ってもいいのは
誰もが本名を使っていて
05:50
but only if everybody in the chatroom
is using their real names,
is using their real names,
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犯罪歴も公開した時だけだ
05:53
and they submit full copies
of their police report.
of their police report.
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05:58
But of course, if anybody
in the chatroom asked for his real name,
in the chatroom asked for his real name,
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もちろん そこで息子が誰かに本名を聞かれたら
私はダメだと言います 本名なんて明かせません
06:01
I'd say no.
You can't give them your real name.
You can't give them your real name.
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06:03
Because what happens
if they turn out to be perverts,
if they turn out to be perverts,
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もし 相手が変質者や
06:06
and teachers and whatever.
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先生だったりしたら どうなるでしょうか
06:09
So you have this odd sort of paradox
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奇妙なパラドックスなのです
その場にいるのが 誰かが分かっていれば
06:10
where I'm happy for him
to go into this space
to go into this space
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息子にチャットルームを利用させますが
06:13
if I know who everybody else is,
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06:15
but I don't want anybody else
to know who he is.
to know who he is.
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子供に本名は明かしてほしくないのです
06:17
And so you get
this sort of logjam around identity
this sort of logjam around identity
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誰と話しているのかは知りたいのに
06:19
where you want full disclosure
from everybody else,
from everybody else,
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自分のことは伏せておく－
06:21
but not from yourself.
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個人認証の限界なのです
06:22
And there's no progress, we get stuck.
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ここには進展はなく 行き詰ります
06:24
And so the chatroom thing
doesn't work properly,
doesn't work properly,
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チャットルームはうまくいかないし
個人認証を考える上では 良くない方法です
06:26
and it's a very bad way
of thinking about identity.
of thinking about identity.
156
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4341
06:31
So on my RSS feed,
I saw this thing about -
I saw this thing about -
157
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RSSフィードについて
06:34
I just said something bad
about my RSS feed, didn't I?
about my RSS feed, didn't I?
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私は批判的なことを言いましたが
そういうことは止めるべきです
06:36
I should stop saying it like that.
159
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1731
06:38
For some random reason, I can't imagine,
160
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どういう訳だかわかりませんが
06:40
something about cheerleaders
turned up in my inbox.
turned up in my inbox.
161
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受信トレイにチアリーダーに関するものがあり
06:42
And I read this story about cheerleaders,
162
390226
1953
それで読んでみたわけです
実に興味深い話でした
06:44
and it's a fascinating story.
163
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1425
06:45
This happened a couple of years ago
in the U.S.
in the U.S.
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２年前に米国で起こったことでした
米国の高校のチアリーダー達が
06:47
There were some cheerleaders
in a team at a high school
in a team at a high school
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06:50
in the U.S., and they said mean things
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チアリーディングコーチの
06:53
about their cheerleading coach,
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悪口を言いました
06:54
as I'm sure kids do
about all of their teachers
about all of their teachers
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子供はよく先生の悪口を言いますよね
06:56
all of the time,
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子供はよく先生の悪口を言いますよね
06:58
and somehow the cheerleading coach
found out about this.
found out about this.
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コーチはそれを見つけて
07:00
She was very upset.
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非常に腹を立てました
07:01
And so she went to one of the girls,
and said,
and said,
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そこで生徒の一人に 「Facebookの
07:03
"you have to give me
your Facebook password."
your Facebook password."
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パスワードを 渡しなさい」と言ったのです
教育現場で－ 大学でさえ起こります
07:06
I read this all the time,
where even at some universities
where even at some universities
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07:09
and places of education,
175
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876
教育現場で－ 大学でさえ起こります
07:10
kids are forced to hand over
their Facebook passwords.
their Facebook passwords.
176
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1705
facebookのパスワードを
07:12
So you've got to give them
your Facebook password.
your Facebook password.
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子供達は渡すしかなかったのです
07:15
She was a kid!
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849
子供ですからね！
07:15
What she should have said
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本当に言うべきだったのは
07:17
is, "my lawyer will be calling you
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1206
「朝一番で弁護士が
07:18
first thing in the morning.
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電話します
07:19
It's an outrageous imposition
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これは修正案４条の 明らかな侵害です
07:21
on my 4th Amendment right to privacy,
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私のプライバシーの権利の侵害です
賠償請求します」
07:23
and you're going to be sued
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07:23
for all the money you've got."
185
431947
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賠償請求します」
07:24
That's what she should have said.
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こう言うべきでした
07:25
But she's a kid,
187
433598
955
でも子供ですから
07:26
so she hands over the password.
188
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パスワードを渡したのです
07:28
The teacher can't log into Facebook,
189
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その先生は学校からはログインできません
07:30
because the school
has blocked access to Facebook.
has blocked access to Facebook.
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学校はfacebookを ブロックしているからです
07:33
So the teacher can't log into Facebook
until she gets home.
until she gets home.
191
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家に帰るまでは ログインできません
07:35
So the girl tells her friends,
192
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1674
その少女は友達に呼びかけ
07:37
guess what happened?
193
445229
537
どうしたか？
07:37
The teacher logged in, she knows.
194
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1572
先生がログインする前に
自分たちの携帯でログインして
07:39
So the girls just all logged into Facebook
on their phones,
on their phones,
195
447386
1817
プロファイルを削除したのです
07:41
and deleted their profiles.
196
449227
1843
07:43
And so when the teacher logged in,
there was nothing there.
there was nothing there.
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先生がログインした時には 何も残っていませんでした
07:45
My point is, those identities,
they don't think about them the same way.
they don't think about them the same way.
198
453979
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要するにIDに対する考え方の違いです
07:51
Identity is, especially when
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.
199
459631
3705
特に十代の子達にとって IDは流動的であり
07:55
You have lots of identities.
200
463360
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幾つもあるものです
07:56
And you can have an identity,
you don't like it,
you don't like it,
201
464965
2226
ひとつでは満足しません
07:59
because it's subverted in some way,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,
202
467215
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気に入らなくなったり 危険だったり 不適切になれば
削除して新しいのを 手に入れればいいのです
08:02
you just delete it and get another one.
203
470811
2058
08:04
The idea that you have an identity
that's given to you by someone,
that's given to you by someone,
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3300
お仕着せの政府などが発行したIDを
08:08
the government or whatever,
205
476217
795
08:09
and you have to stick with that identity
and use it in all places,
and use it in all places,
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どこでも使用するという考え方は
08:11
that's absolutely wrong.
207
479155
1684
完全に間違っています
08:12
Why would you want to really know
who someone was on Facebook,
who someone was on Facebook,
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3008
Facebookにいる人が 誰かなんて
08:15
unless you wanted to abuse them
and harass them in some way?
and harass them in some way?
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2858
嫌がらせをするわけでなければ どうでもいいことです
これではうまくいきません
08:18
And it just doesn't work properly.
210
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2607
08:21
And my fourth example is
there are some cases
there are some cases
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４つめの事例は きっと皆さんが関心を持つでしょう
08:23
where you really want to be -
212
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2409
４つめの事例は きっと皆さんが関心を持つでしょう
08:26
In case you're wondering,
that's me at the G20 protest.
that's me at the G20 protest.
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3546
G20の抗議デモのときの私の写真です [スライド上]
08:29
I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,
but I had a meeting at a bank
but I had a meeting at a bank
214
497625
3652
実際はデモに参加したのではなく G20デモの日に銀行で
08:33
on the day of the G20 protest,
and I got an email from the bank
and I got an email from the bank
215
501301
3409
会議があったんです 銀行からメールが届きました
08:36
saying please don't wear a suit,
because it'll inflame the protesters.
because it'll inflame the protesters.
216
504734
4537
デモ参加者を刺激しないよう スーツを着用しないでということでした
08:41
I look pretty good in a suit, frankly,
217
509295
1750
でも私はスーツ姿の方が映えます
08:43
so you can see why it would drive them
218
511069
1666
何がデモ参加者を反資本主義の狂気に
08:44
into an anti-capitalist frenzy.
219
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1477
駆り立てるのが分かります
(笑)
08:46
(Laughter)
220
514260
511
08:46
So I thought, well, look.
221
514795
905
そこで考えました
08:47
If I don't want to inflame the protesters,
222
515724
3145
デモ参加者を刺激したくなければ
すべきことは
08:50
the obvious thing to do
223
518893
892
08:51
is go dressed as a protester.
224
519809
1381
周りと同じ服装をすることです
黒ずくめの服装－
08:53
So I went dressed completely in black,
225
521214
1994
08:55
you know, with a black balaclava,
226
523232
1860
黒の目出し帽に
08:57
I had black gloves on,
227
525116
810
手袋をしました
08:57
but I've taken them off
to sign the visitor's book.
to sign the visitor's book.
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1613
訪問者帳を書く時は外しますけど
(笑)
08:59
(Laughter)
229
527587
548
09:00
I'm wearing black trousers, black boots,
230
528159
2159
黒いズボンとブーツで
09:02
I'm dressed completely in black.
231
530342
1382
完全に黒ずくめの格好です
09:03
I go into the bank at 10 o'clock,
232
531748
1150
10時に銀行に行って
09:04
go, "Hi, I'm Dave Birch,
233
532922
941
「デイブ・バーチですが
09:05
I've got a 3 o'clock
with so and so there."
with so and so there."
234
533887
1252
３時に約束しています」
09:07
Sure. They sign me in.
235
535163
1417
受付で記帳して
09:08
There's my visitor's badge.
236
536604
2747
訪問者バッジをもらいました
09:11
(Laughter)
237
539375
867
(笑)
09:12
So this nonsense
238
540266
1294
Facebook で本名を
09:13
about you've got to have real names
on Facebook and whatever,
on Facebook and whatever,
239
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2030
名乗らせようというナンセンスの先に
09:15
that gets you that kind of security.
240
543638
2211
こういったセキュリティがあるのです
09:17
That gets you security theater,
where there's no actual security,
where there's no actual security,
241
545873
4495
見せかけのセキュリティであり 本物ではありません
09:22
but people are sort of playing parts
in a play about security.
in a play about security.
242
550392
3314
でもこういったことを セキュリティ面で演じているのです
09:25
And as long as
everybody learns their lines,
everybody learns their lines,
243
553730
1101
セリフを覚えていれば
09:26
everyone's happy.
244
554855
1512
皆安泰です
09:28
But it's not real security.
245
556391
2840
でもこれは本当のセキュリティでは ありません
09:31
Especially because I hate banks
more than the G20 protesters do,
more than the G20 protesters do,
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559255
3218
特に私は銀行側で働いているので G20デモ参加者よりも
09:34
because I work for them.
247
562497
1161
銀行を嫌っています
09:35
I know that things are actually worse
than these guys think.
than these guys think.
248
563682
2803
実際 銀行側の考えている事の方が よっぽどひどいですよ
09:38
(Laughter)
249
566509
1773
(笑)
09:41
But suppose I worked
next to somebody in a bank
next to somebody in a bank
250
569872
5070
しかし 銀行で何かをしている人の隣で 働いているとします
09:46
who was doing something.
251
574966
3008
しかし 銀行で何かをしている人の隣で 働いているとます
09:56
Suppose I was sitting
next to a rogue trader,
next to a rogue trader,
252
584744
2166
悪いトレーダーの隣にいるとします
09:58
and I want to report it
to the boss of the bank.
to the boss of the bank.
253
586934
2279
銀行の上司にそのことを 報告したいと思って
10:01
So I log on to do
a little bit of whistleblowing.
a little bit of whistleblowing.
254
589237
1392
内部告発のためログオンして
10:02
I send a message,
this guy's a rogue trader.
this guy's a rogue trader.
255
590653
2441
こいつは悪いトレーダーだと メッセージを送信しても
10:05
That message is meaningless
256
593118
1774
私がこの銀行のトレーダーだと
10:06
if you don't know
that I'm a trader at the bank.
that I'm a trader at the bank.
257
594916
2924
分からなければ このメッセージは意味がありません
10:09
If that message just comes from anybody,
258
597864
1905
差出人不明のメッセージが届いても
その情報価値はゼロですから
10:11
it has zero information value.
259
599793
2633
10:14
There's no point in sending that message.
260
602450
2469
メッセージを送信する意味がありません
10:18
But if I have to prove who I am,
261
606463
2743
しかし自分が誰であるかを 証明しなければならないとしたら
10:21
I'll never send that message.
262
609230
1381
メッセージは送りませんね
病院の看護士が酔っぱらいの外科医を 告発するのと同じです
10:22
It's just like the nurse in the hospital
reporting the drunk surgeon.
reporting the drunk surgeon.
263
610635
3829
10:26
That message will only happen
if I'm anonymous.
if I'm anonymous.
264
614488
2897
匿名であればメッセージを 送るでしょう
10:29
So the system has to have ways
of providing anonymity there,
of providing anonymity there,
265
617409
4767
ですから システムが 匿名性を与えなくては
10:34
otherwise we don't get
where we want to get to.
where we want to get to.
266
622200
2239
必要なことは得られないのです
これが４つの問題ですが どう対処したらよいのでしょうか？
10:36
So four issues.
So what are we going to do about it?
So what are we going to do about it?
267
624463
2646
10:39
Well, what we tend to do about it
268
627133
4663
ここでやりがちなことは
10:43
is we think about Orwell space.
269
631820
2364
オーウェルの世界を思い浮かべることです
10:46
And we try to make electronic versions
270
634208
3122
1953年に廃止したIDカードの
10:49
of the identity card
that we got rid of in 1953.
that we got rid of in 1953.
271
637354
2283
その電子版を試してみましょう
10:51
So we think if we had a card,
272
639661
2733
カードを持っていたとすると
10:54
call it a Facebook login,
273
642418
1315
facebookログインで
10:55
which proves who you are,
274
643757
1273
身元を証明します
10:57
and I make you carry it all the time,
275
645054
1867
それを常に携帯すれば
10:58
that solves the problem.
276
646945
794
問題は解決です
10:59
And of course, for all those reasons
I've just outlined,
I've just outlined,
277
647763
2134
もちろん私が今お話ししたこと全てを
11:01
it doesn't, and it might, actually,
278
649921
968
解決するわけではなく
11:02
make some problems worse.
279
650913
1048
状況悪化も有り得ます
11:03
The more times you're forced
to use your real identity,
to use your real identity,
280
651985
2799
トランザクションで 自分のIDを使うよう
11:06
certainly in transactional terms,
281
654808
2216
強制されることが多くなれば
11:09
the more likely that identity
is to get stolen and subverted.
is to get stolen and subverted.
282
657048
2858
個人情報を盗まれる 可能性は増します
トランザクションでは 本当は必要のない
11:11
The goal is to stop people
from using identity
from using identity
283
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2240
11:14
in transactions which don't need identity,
284
662194
2153
IDを使わなくするのが目的です
11:16
which is actually almost all transactions.
285
664371
2485
トランザクションの大半はそうです
11:18
Almost all of the transactions you do
286
666880
2273
大半のトランザクションで 自分の個人情報を
11:21
are not, who are you?
287
669177
1664
明かすことはないのです
11:22
They're, are you allowed to drive the car,
288
670865
2110
必要なときは 自動車の運転許可とか
11:24
are you allowed in the building,
289
672999
1524
ビルへの入館許可とか
18才以上の証明
11:26
are you over 18,
290
674547
833
などの場合ですね
11:27
etcetera, etcetera.
291
675404
2091
11:29
So my suggestion-I, like James,
292
677519
1807
ここで私の提案は ジェームズのように
11:31
think that there should be
a resurgence of interest in R & D.
a resurgence of interest in R & D.
293
679350
3137
R&Dへの興味の復活であり
11:34
I think this is a solvable problem.
294
682511
761
解決できるのです
11:35
It's something we can do about.
295
683296
1796
私達に可能なことです
11:37
Naturally, in these circumstances,
296
685116
1924
この状況ですから 当然
11:39
I turn to Doctor Who.
297
687064
1350
ドクター・フーに頼ります
11:40
Because in this,
298
688438
2112
なぜなら この中では
11:42
as in so many other walks of life,
299
690574
1620
様々な職業で
ドクター・フーが既に答えを 教えてくれていますからね
11:44
Doctor Who has already shown
us the answer.
us the answer.
300
692218
2929
11:47
So I should say,
301
695171
790
そうですね
11:47
for some of our foreign visitors,
302
695985
2307
海外から来られた方のために言うと
11:50
Doctor Who is the greatest
living scientist in England,
living scientist in England,
303
698316
3830
ドクター・フーは英国一の科学者です
11:54
(Laughter)
304
702170
1553
(笑)
11:55
and a beacon of truth and enlightenment
to all of us.
to all of us.
305
703747
2776
真実と啓蒙の担い手でもあります
11:58
And this is Doctor Who
with his psychic paper.
with his psychic paper.
306
706547
4046
これがドクターフーと サイキックペーパーです
12:02
Come on, you guys must have seen
Doctor Who's psychic paper.
Doctor Who's psychic paper.
307
710617
2146
サイキックペーパーは ご存じでしょう
12:04
You're not nerds if you say yes.
308
712787
1976
イエスでも おたくではありませんよ
12:06
Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper?
309
714787
2112
サイキックペーパーを見たことある人は？
12:08
Oh right, you were in the library
the whole time studying I guess.
the whole time studying I guess.
310
716923
2406
いつも図書館で勉強ばかり しているんだね
12:11
Is that what you're going to tell us?
311
719353
2046
今から説明しますよ
12:13
Doctor Who's psychic paper
312
721423
1238
サイキックペーパーは
12:14
is when you hold up the psychic paper,
313
722685
2096
この紙を人にかざすと
12:16
the person, in their brain,
314
724805
1514
その人の脳に働きかけて
12:18
sees the thing that they need to see.
315
726343
2325
必要な物のように見せるのです
12:20
So I want to show you a British passport,
316
728692
2335
英国パスポートが必要な場合
12:23
I hold up the psychic paper,
317
731051
1002
サイキックペーパーが
12:24
you see a British passport.
318
732077
1456
君にはパスポートに見えるんだ
12:25
I want to get into a party,
319
733557
1772
パーティに行きたければ
12:27
I hold up the psychic paper,
320
735353
1583
サイキックペーパーを示せば
12:28
I show you a party invitation.
321
736960
1429
それが招待状に見えるわけだ
見せたい物に見えるんだ
12:30
You see what you want to see.
322
738413
2051
12:32
So what I'm saying is we need
to make an electronic version of that,
to make an electronic version of that,
323
740488
3191
この電子版が必要だという訳です
ほんの少し変更を加えて
12:35
but with one tiny, tiny change,
324
743703
2173
12:37
which is that it'll only show you
the British passport
the British passport
325
745900
2572
本当に持っているなら
英国パスポートに見せればよい
12:40
if I've actually got one.
326
748496
1192
12:41
It'll only show you the party invitation
327
749712
1195
実際に持っていれば
12:42
if I actually have one.
328
750931
1373
パーティの招待状に見せるだけ
12:44
It will only show you that I'm over 18
if I actually am over 18.
if I actually am over 18.
329
752328
3000
私が18才以上ならば それを証明するだけです
それだけでいいんです
12:47
But nothing else.
330
755352
2300
12:49
So you're the bouncer at the pub,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
331
757676
4751
パブの警備員が 年齢が18才以上だと確認する場合
12:54
instead of showing you my driving license,
332
762451
2000
私が運転免許を見せると
運転ができることと
12:56
which shows you I know how to drive,
333
764475
1817
12:58
what my name is, my address,
all these kind of things,
all these kind of things,
334
766316
2572
名前や住所などまで分かりますが
サイキックペーパーならば
13:00
I show you my psychic paper,
335
768912
1555
13:02
and all it tells you is
am I over 18 or not.
am I over 18 or not.
336
770491
3142
私が18才以上かどうかだけを 示すわけです
13:05
Right.
337
773657
1412
そういったことです
13:07
Is that just a pipe dream?
338
775093
1314
空想的な考えでしょうか？
13:08
Of course not, otherwise
I wouldn't be here talking to you.
I wouldn't be here talking to you.
339
776431
1669
いいえ だからお話ししたのです
13:10
So in order to build that
and make it work,
and make it work,
340
778124
3060
それをうまく機能させるためには
13:13
I'm only going to name these things,
I'll not go into them,
I'll not go into them,
341
781208
2747
詳しくは触れませんが これから挙げていきます
13:15
we need a plan,
342
783979
1153
あらゆる問題を解決する
13:17
which is we're going to build this
343
785156
1225
皆が使えるインフラとして
13:18
as an infrastructure for everybody to use,
344
786405
2000
構築していく計画が必要です
構築していく計画が必要です
13:20
to solve all of these problems.
345
788429
1830
13:22
We're going to make a utility,
346
790283
2024
私たちはユーティリティを作るつもりです
13:24
the utility has to be universal,
347
792331
1524
誰でも どこでも使用可能なものです
13:25
you can use it everywhere,
348
793879
859
誰でも どこでも使用可能なものです
13:26
I'm just giving you little flashes
of the technology as we go along.
of the technology as we go along.
349
794762
3191
ちょっとその一例を お見せしましょう
これは日本のATMで
13:29
That's a Japanese ATM,
350
797977
1359
13:31
the fingerprint template
is stored inside the mobile phone.
is stored inside the mobile phone.
351
799360
3084
携帯の内部に指紋の情報が 保存されています
13:34
So when you want to draw money out,
352
802468
963
お金を引き出す時は
13:35
you put the mobile phone on the ATM,
353
803455
1473
ATMに携帯をかざして
13:36
and touch your finger,
354
804952
1241
指で触れれば
13:38
your fingerprint goes through
to the phone,
to the phone,
355
806217
2048
あなたの指紋が電話へ 取り込まれ
携帯が認証等を行い 誰でも
13:40
the phone says yes, that's whoever,
356
808289
1667
ATMでお金を出せます
13:41
and the ATM then gives you some money.
357
809980
2180
13:44
It has to be a utility
that you can use everywhere.
that you can use everywhere.
358
812184
3013
どこでも使える ユーティリティでなくてはなりません
13:47
It has to be absolutely convenient,
359
815221
1762
たいへん便利で
13:49
that's me going into the pub.
360
817007
3143
パブにも持って行けるものです
13:52
All the device on the door
of the pub is allowed is,
of the pub is allowed is,
361
820174
2769
パブの入口で必要なのは
13:54
is this person over 18
and not barred from the pub?
and not barred from the pub?
362
822967
3649
18才以上でパブに入れるかを 確認する装置です
13:58
And so the idea is,
you touch your ID card to the door,
you touch your ID card to the door,
363
826640
3306
アイディアとしては IDカードを戸口でタッチして
14:01
and if I am allowed in,
it shows my picture,
it shows my picture,
364
829970
1935
認証されれば 私の写真が示され
14:03
if I'm not allowed in,
it shows a red cross.
it shows a red cross.
365
831929
1437
だめなら 赤いバツ印が現れる
14:05
It doesn't disclose any other information.
366
833390
1591
それ以外の情報は公開しません
14:07
It has to have no special gadgets.
367
835005
1888
特別なツールはいりません
14:08
That can only mean one thing,
368
836917
1611
私も賛同している
14:10
following on from Ross's statement,
369
838552
1667
ロスの発言に続けば
答えは一つです
14:12
which I agree with completely.
370
840243
1454
14:13
If it means no special gadgets,
371
841721
1088
特殊なツールは不要で
14:14
it has to run on a mobile phone.
372
842833
1350
携帯上で機能させればいい
14:16
That's the only choice we have,
373
844207
1079
それが唯一の選択です
14:17
we have to make it work on mobile phones.
374
845310
1855
携帯で機能させればいい
14:19
There are 6.6 billion
375
847189
910
66億台の携帯が
14:20
mobile phone subscriptions.
376
848123
900
利用されています
14:21
My favorite statistic of all time,
377
849047
2012
私のお気に入りの統計によると
14:23
only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world.
378
851083
1953
歯ブラシを使うのはたったの40億人です
これが意味する事は
14:25
That means something,
379
853060
1035
14:26
I don't know what.
380
854119
1233
何だかわかりませんが
14:27
(Laughter)
381
855376
354
(笑)
14:27
I rely on our futurologists to tell me.
382
855754
3439
私は未来主義者が 拡張型ユーティリティについて
14:31
It has to be a utility
which is extensible.
which is extensible.
383
859217
1686
教えてくれるのを頼りにしています
14:32
So it has to be something
384
860927
1261
既存のユーティリティの上に
14:34
that anybody could build on.
385
862212
1566
誰でも構築できるものです
14:35
Anybody should be able
to use this infrastructure,
to use this infrastructure,
386
863802
1864
誰でもこのインフラを使えて
14:37
you don't need permissions,
licenses, whatever,
licenses, whatever,
387
865690
2430
許可やライセンス等は不要であり
14:40
anyone should be able
to write some code to do this.
to write some code to do this.
388
868144
3167
誰でもそのコーディングができることです
14:45
You know what symmetry is,
389
873176
1241
対称性は有名ですから
14:46
so you don't need a picture of it.
390
874441
2323
図解は必要はありませんね
14:48
This is how we're going to do it.
391
876788
1140
この方法をとりましょう
14:49
We're going to do it using phones,
392
877952
1010
近接型ICカード代わりに
14:50
and we're going to do it
393
878986
602
携帯を使って
14:51
using mobile proximity.
394
879612
1132
実現するのです
14:52
I'm going to suggest to you
395
880768
1112
実装すべきテクノロジーを
14:53
the technology to implement
396
881904
1312
ご提案しています
14:55
Doctor Who's psychic paper
397
883240
1262
サイキックペーパーは
14:56
is already here, and if any of you
398
884526
1620
既に現実です
バークレイ銀行の新しい非接触型の
14:58
have got one of the new
Barclay's debit cards
Barclay's debit cards
399
886170
2455
15:00
with the contactless interface on it,
400
888649
1205
デビットカードがあれば
15:01
you've already got that technology.
401
889878
1667
既にこの技術を手にしています
大都市に行って
15:03
If you've ever been up to the big city,
402
891569
1900
15:05
and used an Oyster card at all,
403
893493
1477
オイスターカードを使うといえば
ピンとくるでしょう？
15:06
does that ring any bells to anybody?
404
894994
2071
15:09
The technology already exists.
405
897089
722
技術はあります
15:09
The first phones
406
897835
1366
この技術を組み込んだ
15:11
that have the technology built in,
407
899225
606
最初の携帯は
15:11
the Google Nexus, the S2,
408
899855
2275
Google NexusやS2
15:14
the Samsung Wifi 7.9,
409
902154
685
サムスンWifi 7.9です
15:14
the first phones that have
410
902863
1468
この技術を組み込んだ
15:16
the technology built into them
411
904355
1068
最初の携帯は既に
15:17
are already in the shops.
412
905447
810
販売されています
15:18
So the idea that the gas man
413
906281
1688
ガスの検査員が
15:19
can turn up at my mom's door
414
907993
2168
私の母の家を訪問して
15:22
and he can show my mom his phone,
415
910185
2178
携帯を母に示して
15:24
and she can tap it with her phone,
416
912387
1311
母の携帯でタップした時
15:25
and it will come up with green
if he really is from British Gas
if he really is from British Gas
417
913722
2283
ブリティッシュガスの社員なら 青信号がともり
15:28
and allowed in,
418
916029
1188
承認されますが
15:29
and it'll come up with red if he isn't,
419
917241
1646
赤信号なら
15:30
end of story.
420
918911
586
終わりです
15:31
We have the technology to do that.
421
919521
1826
この技術は存在しています
15:33
And what's more,
422
921371
1211
それ以上に
15:34
although some of those things
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,
423
922606
2121
いくつかの例は直観に反して 聞こえますが
15:36
like proving I'm over 18
without proving who I am,
without proving who I am,
424
924751
2764
個人情報を明かすことなく 18才以上と証明することは
15:39
the cryptography to do that
not only exists,
not only exists,
425
927539
2201
暗号技術として存在するだけでなく
15:41
it's extremely well-known
and well-understood.
and well-understood.
426
929764
2205
よく知られ 浸透しています
15:43
Digital signatures, the blinding
of public key certificates,
of public key certificates,
427
931993
2631
デジタル署名や公開鍵証明による 匿名化です
15:46
these technologies have been around
for a while,
for a while,
428
934648
1720
技術は普及していたものの
15:48
we've just had no way
of packaging them up.
of packaging them up.
429
936392
2048
それをまとめる方法がなかったのです
この技術は既に存在しています
15:50
So the technology already exists.
430
938464
2693
15:53
We know it works,
431
941181
3664
実際に機能しています
15:56
There are a few examples
of the technology being used
of the technology being used
432
944869
1724
この技術が実験的に使われたことが
15:58
in experimental places.
433
946617
1646
数例あります
16:00
That's London Fashion Week,
434
948287
1304
これはハイド・パークの
16:01
where we built a system with O2,
435
949615
1850
ワイヤレス・フェスティバルで
16:03
that's for the Wireless Festival
in Hyde Park,
in Hyde Park,
436
951489
2743
Q２システム搭載したロンドン・ファッションウィークです
16:06
you can see the persons
437
954256
1099
ご覧のように人々が
16:07
walking in with their VIP band,
438
955379
1737
VIPバンドを着けて入場します
16:09
it's just being checked
439
957140
460
ノキアの携帯で
16:09
by the Nokia phone
that's reading the band.
that's reading the band.
440
957624
1076
読取り チェックします
16:10
I'm only putting those up to show you
441
958724
1674
お見せするためだけに 入れています
16:12
these things are prosaic,
442
960422
1205
珍しいものではなく
16:13
this stuff works in these environments.
443
961651
1858
あらゆる環境で機能しています
特別なことではありません
16:15
They don't need to be special.
444
963533
1429
これが実現可能なことがわかるのは
16:16
So finally, I know that you can do this,
445
964986
5895
16:23
because if you saw
the episode of Doctor Who,
the episode of Doctor Who,
446
971789
2880
ドクター・フーのエピソードですが
16:26
the Easter special of Doctor Who,
447
974693
1876
イースター特番では
16:28
where he went to Mars in a bus,
448
976593
3352
彼はバスで火星に行きました
16:31
I should say again
for our foreign students,
for our foreign students,
449
979969
1538
留学生のために繰り返しますが
16:33
that doesn't happen every episode.
450
981531
1649
いつもの事ではありません
16:35
This was a very special case.
451
983204
1447
これは特殊なケースです
16:36
So in the episode where
he goes to Mars in a London bus,
he goes to Mars in a London bus,
452
984675
3217
ロンドンバスで火星に 行くエピソードですが
16:39
I can't show you the clip,
453
987916
1649
このクリップはお見せできません
16:41
due to the outrageous restrictions
of Queen Anne-style copyright
of Queen Anne-style copyright
454
989589
3000
BBCによるアン女王式の
厳しい著作権保護のためです
16:44
by the BBC,
455
992613
1869
16:46
but in the episode
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,
456
994506
2715
ロンドンバスで火星に行く このエピソードでは
ドクター・フーは明らかに
16:49
Doctor Who is clearly shown
getting on to the bus
getting on to the bus
457
997245
4110
16:53
with the Oyster card reader
458
1001379
1276
オイスターカード対応バスで
16:54
using his psychic paper.
459
1002679
1544
サイキックペーパーを使っています
16:56
Which proves that psychic paper
460
1004247
2068
これで MSEインターフェイスを
16:58
has an MSE interface.
461
1006339
1691
搭載していることが分かります
17:00
Thank you very much.
462
1008054
2010
ありがとうございました
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultantDavid Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity.
Why you should listen
David G.W. Birch is a Director of Consult Hyperion, an electronic identity and transactions consultant. He is the Chairman of the annual Digital Money Forum and Digital Identity Forum in London and he has written for several publications including more than a hundred Second Sight columns for The Guardian newspaper. In 2007, he published Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications under Gower Publishing Ltd. He hosts the Consult Hyperion podcast -- conversations with identity and digital transaction experts.
David Birch | Speaker | TED.com