TEDWomen 2010
Liza Donnelly: Drawing on humor for change
Liza Donelija: Karikatūras pārmaiņām
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„New Yorker” karikatūriste Liza Donelija dalās ar savu trāpīgo un komisko karikatūru portfolio, kas aplūko mūsdienu dzīvi, un runā par humoru, kas dod iespēju sievietēm mainīt noteikumus.
Liza Donnelly - Cartoonist
New Yorker cartoonist Liza Donnelly tackles global issues with humor, intelligence and sarcasm. Her latest project supports the United Nations initiative Cartooning For Peace. Full bio
New Yorker cartoonist Liza Donnelly tackles global issues with humor, intelligence and sarcasm. Her latest project supports the United Nations initiative Cartooning For Peace. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
00:24
I was afraid of womanhood.
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Es biju nobijusies no sievietības.
00:27
Not that I'm not afraid now,
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Nav jau tā, ka nebaidītos arī šobrīd,
00:29
but I've learned to pretend.
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taču esmu iemācījusies izlikties.
00:31
I've learned to be flexible.
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Esmu iemācījusies būt elastīgāka.
00:33
In fact, I've developed some interesting tools
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Es izstrādāju vairākus interesantus rīkus,
00:35
to help me deal with this fear.
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kas man palīdz pārvarēt šīs bailes.
00:37
Let me explain.
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Ļaujiet paskaidrot.
00:39
Back in the '50s and '60s, when I was growing up,
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Piecdesmitajos un sešdesmitajos, kad uzaugu,
00:41
little girls were supposed to be kind and thoughtful
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meitenītēm bija jābūt laipnām, rūpīgām,
00:43
and pretty and gentle and soft,
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smukām un maigām,
00:46
and we were supposed to fit into roles
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un mums bija jāiekļaujas dažādās lomās,
00:48
that were sort of shadowy --
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kas zināmā mērā bija miglainas,
00:50
really not quite clear what we were supposed to be.
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nebija īstas skaidrības, kādām mums bija jābūt.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
00:56
There were plenty of role models all around us.
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Mums apkārt bija gana daudz priekšzīmīgu tēlu.
00:58
We had our mothers, our aunts, our cousins, our sisters,
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Mums bija mūsu mātes,
krustmātes, māsīcas, māsas
krustmātes, māsīcas, māsas
01:01
and of course, the ever-present media
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un protams visuresošie plašsaziņas līdzekļi,
01:03
bombarding us with images and words,
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kas mūs apbēra ar attēliem un vārdiem,
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telling us how to be.
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stāstot kādām mums bija jābūt.
01:09
Now my mother was different.
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Mana māte bija citādāka.
01:11
She was a homemaker,
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Viņa bija mājsaimniece,
01:13
but she and I didn't go out and do girlie things together,
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tomēr mēs kopā negājām
un nedarījām meiteņu lietas,
un nedarījām meiteņu lietas,
01:15
and she didn't buy me pink outfits.
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viņa man nepirka rozā drēbes.
01:17
Instead, she knew what I needed, and she bought me a book of cartoons.
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Tā vietā, viņa zināja, kas man bija vajadzīgs,
viņa man nopirka karikatūru grāmatu.
viņa man nopirka karikatūru grāmatu.
01:20
And I just ate it up.
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Es to tūlīt pat noriju!
01:22
I drew, and I drew,
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Es zīmēju un zīmēju,
01:24
and since I knew that humor was acceptable in my family,
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un tā kā es zināju,
ka mūsu ģimenē humors bija pieņemams,
ka mūsu ģimenē humors bija pieņemams,
01:27
I could draw, do what I wanted to do,
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es varēju zīmēt un darīt ko vēlējos,
01:29
and not have to perform, not have to speak --
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un man nebija jāuzstājas, nebija jārunā.
01:31
I was very shy --
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Es biju ļoti kautrīga,
01:33
and I could still get approval.
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un es joprojām varēju saņemt atzinību.
01:36
I was launched as a cartoonist.
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Es uzsāku savu karikatūristes darbību.
01:40
Now when we're young,
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Jaunībā mēs ne vienmēr zinām...
01:42
we don't always know. We know there are rules out there,
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mēs zinām, ka pasaulē ir noteikumi,
01:45
but we don't always know --
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bet mēs ne vienmēr zinām,
01:47
we don't perform them right,
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vai izpildām tos kā nākas,
01:49
even though we are imprinted at birth
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pat ja mēs kopš dzimšanas esam izveidotas
01:51
with these things,
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ar šim lietām,
01:54
and we're told
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un mums saka,
01:56
what the most important color in the world is.
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kāda ir pati svarīgāka krāsa pasaulē.
01:59
We're told what shape we're supposed to be in.
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Mums norāda kādās aprisēs mums ir jābūt.
02:02
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:05
We're told what to wear --
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Mums ir iestāstīts, kas jāvelk...
02:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:09
-- and how to do our hair --
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un kā jāieveido mati.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:16
-- and how to behave.
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un kā jāuzvedas.
02:19
Now the rules that I'm talking about
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Noteikumi, par kuriem es runāju,
02:21
are constantly being monitored by the culture.
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ir pastāvīgā kultūras uzraudzībā.
02:23
We're being corrected,
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Mēs tiekam koriģētas
02:25
and the primary policemen are women,
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un galvenie tā darītāji ir sievietes,
02:28
because we are the carriers of the tradition.
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jo mēs esam mūsu tradīciju nesējas.
02:30
We pass it down from generation to generation.
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Mēs tās nododam no paaudzes paaudzē.
02:34
Not only that --
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Ne tikai tas,
02:36
we always have this vague notion
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mums vienmēr ir neskaidrs priekšstats,
02:38
that something's expected of us.
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ka no mums kaut kas tiek gaidīts.
02:40
And on top of all off these rules,
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Papildus visiem šiem noteikumiem,
02:43
they keep changing.
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tie turpina mainīties.
02:45
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:49
We don't know what's going on half the time,
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Mēs nezinām, kas notiek pusē gadījumu,
02:52
so it puts us in a very tenuous position.
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tādēļ tas nostāda mūs
ļoti trūcīgā stāvoklī.
ļoti trūcīgā stāvoklī.
02:55
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:57
Now if you don't like these rules,
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Ja jums nepatīk šie noteikumi,
02:59
and many of us don't --
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un daudzām no mums tie nepatīk.
03:01
I know I didn't, and I still don't,
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Es zinu, man nepatika
un nepatīk vēl joprojām,
un nepatīk vēl joprojām,
03:04
even though I follow them half the time,
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lai arī es tiem puslīdz sekoju,
03:06
not quite aware that I'm following them --
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pat ja neapzinos, ka tiem sekoju.
03:08
what better way than to change them [than] with humor?
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Nav labāka veida,
kā tos izmainīt, kā ar humoru.
kā tos izmainīt, kā ar humoru.
03:13
Humor relies on the traditions of a society.
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Humors balstās sabiedrības tradīcijās.
03:16
It takes what we know, and it twists it.
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Tas paņem to, ko mēs zinām, un to sagroza.
03:19
It takes the codes of behavior and the codes of dress,
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Tas pārņem uzvedības un ģērbšanās normas
03:21
and it makes it unexpected,
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un padara tās neparedzamas,
03:23
and that's what elicits a laugh.
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un tieši tas izvilina smieklus.
03:25
Now what if you put together women and humor?
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Kas notiek, ja savietojat sievieti un humoru?
03:28
I think you can get change.
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Es uzskatu, ka pārmaiņas.
03:30
Because women are on the ground floor,
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Jo sievietes ir pamats, virtuve,
03:32
and we know the traditions so well,
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un mēs ļoti labi pārzinām tradīcijas,
03:34
we can bring a different voice to the table.
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mēs varam mainīt cilvēkus,
kas sēžās pie galda.
kas sēžās pie galda.
03:36
Now I started drawing
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Es sāku zīmēt
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in the middle of a lot of chaos.
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lielu juku laikā.
03:40
I grew up not far from here in Washington D.C.
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Es uzaugu netālu no Vašingtonas.
03:42
during the Civil Rights movement, the assassinations,
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Pilsoņu tiesību kustības laikā, slepkavību laikā,
03:45
the Watergate hearings and then the feminist movement,
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Vatergeitas skandāla laikā un tad feminisma kustība.
03:48
and I think I was drawing,
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Es domāju, ka zīmēju,
03:50
trying to figure out what was going on.
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lai saprastu, kas man apkārt notiek.
03:52
And then also my family was in chaos,
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Arī mana ģimene bija juku stāvoklī,
03:55
and I drew to try to bring my family together --
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es zīmēju, lai satuvinātu savu ģimeni.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
04:03
-- try to bring my family together with laughter.
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Mēģinot satuvināt savu ģimeni ar smiekliem.
04:06
It didn't work.
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Tas neizdevās.
04:08
My parents got divorced, and my sister was arrested.
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Mani vecāki izšķīrās
un māsa tika apcietināta.
un māsa tika apcietināta.
04:11
But I found my place.
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Bet es atradu savu vietu.
04:13
I found that I didn't have to wear high heels,
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Es atklāju, ka man nav jāvelk augstpapēdenes,
04:15
I didn't have to wear pink,
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man nebija jāvelk rozā,
04:17
and I could feel like I fit in.
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un es varēju justies iederīga.
04:20
Now when I was a little older, in my 20s,
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Kad es biju nedaudz vecāka,
savos divdesmit,
savos divdesmit,
04:23
I realized there are not many women in cartooning.
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es aptvēru, ka nav daudz sieviešu-karikatūristu.
04:26
And I thought, "Well, maybe I can break
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Es nodomāju: „Varbūt es varu izjaukt
04:28
the little glass ceiling of cartooning,"
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šo smalko karikatūristu robežu,”
04:30
and so I did. I became a cartoonist.
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un tā es arī izdarīju.
Es kļuvu par karikatūristi.
Es kļuvu par karikatūristi.
04:32
And then I thought -- in my 40s I started thinking,
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Tad es nodomāju...
savos četrdesmit es sāku domāt:
savos četrdesmit es sāku domāt:
04:35
"Well, why don't I do something?
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„Kādēļ man gan kaut ko neiesākt?
04:37
I always loved political cartoons,
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man vienmēr ir patikušas politiskās karikatūras,
04:39
so why don't I do something with the content of my cartoons
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tādēļ kāpēc gan man kaut ko neiesākt
ar savu karikatūru saturu,
ar savu karikatūru saturu,
04:42
to make people think about the stupid rules that we're following
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lai liktu cilvēkiem aizdomāties
par muļķīgajiem noteikumiem, kam sekojam
par muļķīgajiem noteikumiem, kam sekojam
04:45
as well as laugh?"
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un lai arī pasmietos?”
04:48
Now my perspective
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Mans jauns skatījums
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is a particularly --
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ir īpaši...
04:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
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-- my perspective is a particularly American perspective.
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mans skatījums ir īpaši amerikānisks.
04:56
I can't help it. I live here.
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Es nevaru neko padarīt. Es te dzīvoju.
04:59
Even though I've traveled a lot,
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Kaut arī esmu daudz ceļojusi,
05:01
I still think like an American woman.
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Es joprojām domāju kā amerikāniete.
05:03
But I believe that the rules that I'm talking about
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Taču uzskatu, ka noteikumi,
par kuriem runāju
par kuriem runāju
05:05
are universal, of course --
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ir universāli, protams,
05:07
that each culture has its different codes of behavior
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katrai kultūrai ir savi atšķirīgie uzvedības kodeksi,
05:10
and dress and traditions,
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apģērbi un tradīcijas,
05:12
and each woman has to deal with these same things
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un katrai sievietei ir jātiek galā ar tām pašām lietām,
05:14
that we do here in the U.S.
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ar ko mēs nodarbojamies ASV.
05:16
Consequently, we have.
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Līdz ar to, arī mums.
05:18
Women, because we're on the ground, we know the tradition.
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Mēs sievietes, tādēļ ka esam visam pamats,
zinām tradīcijas.
zinām tradīcijas.
05:21
We have amazing antennae.
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Mums ir pārsteidzošas antēnas.
05:24
Now my work lately
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Pēdējā laikā mans darbs
05:26
has been to collaborate with international cartoonists,
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ir bijis sadarbībā
ar starptautiskiem karikatūristiem,
ar starptautiskiem karikatūristiem,
05:28
which I so enjoy,
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kas man sagādāja baudu
05:31
and it's given me a greater appreciation
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un ir devis lielāku novērtējumu
05:33
for the power of cartoons
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karikatūras spēkam,
05:35
to get at the truth,
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lai pietuvotos patiesībai,
05:39
to get at the issues quickly and succinctly.
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lai izprastu lietas būtību ātri un kodolīgi.
05:42
And not only that, it can get to the viewer
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Ne tikai to, tā var piekļūt skatītājam
05:44
through not only the intellect, but through the heart.
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ne vien caur intelektu, bet arī tā sirdī.
05:47
My work also has allowed me to collaborate
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Mans darbs man ir arī ļāvis sadarboties
05:50
with women cartoonists from across the world --
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ar sieviešu karikatūristēm no visas pasaules,
05:52
countries such as Saudi Arabia,
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no tādām valstīm kā Saudu Arābija,
05:54
Iran, Turkey,
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Irāna, Turcija,
05:56
Argentina, France --
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Argentīna, Francija,
05:58
and we have sat together and laughed
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mēs esam kopā sēdējušas, smējušās
06:00
and talked and shared our difficulties.
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un runājušas, dalijušās ar savām grūtībām.
06:02
And these women are working so hard to get their voices heard
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Šīs sievietes smagi strādā,
lai to balsis tiktu sadzirdētas,
lai to balsis tiktu sadzirdētas,
06:05
in some very difficult circumstances.
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tik ļoti sarežģītos apstākļos.
06:08
But I feel blessed to be able to work with them.
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Es jūtos laimīga
par iespēju ar viņām strādāt.
par iespēju ar viņām strādāt.
06:12
And we talk about
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Mēs runājām
06:14
how women have such strong perceptions,
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par to, cik sievietēm ir stipra uztvere,
06:16
because of our tenuous position
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mūsu smalkā stāvokla dēļ
06:18
and our role as tradition-keepers,
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un mūsu lomas tradīciju saglabāšanā,
06:21
that we can have the great potential
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ar ko mums ir liels potenciāls,
06:24
to be change-agents.
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lai kalpotu par izmaiņu spēku.
06:26
And I think, I truly believe,
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Es uzskatu, es patiesi ticu,
06:29
that we can change this thing
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ka mēs varam to mainīt
06:31
one laugh at a time.
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smieklu pa smieklam.
06:33
Thank you.
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Paldies.
06:35
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Liza Donnelly - CartoonistNew Yorker cartoonist Liza Donnelly tackles global issues with humor, intelligence and sarcasm. Her latest project supports the United Nations initiative Cartooning For Peace.
Why you should listen
When Liza Donnelly joined The New Yorker in 1982, she was the youngest cartoonist on staff and one of only three women at the time to draw cartoons for the magazine. She’s still there. In 2005, Donnelly wrote the definitive book about her colleagues: Funny Ladies: The New Yorker’s Greatest Women Cartoonists and Their Cartoons. She’s been part of many other books, including Sex and Sensibility, Cartoon Marriage (about her life with fellow New Yorker cartoonist Michael Maslin) and a popular series of dinosaur books for kids. Her latest is Women on Men.
In 2007, Donnelly joined the United Nations initiative Cartooning for Peace. She travels worldwide to speak out about freedom of speech, world peace, and other global issues. Along with her New Yorker cartoons, Donnelly writes a column for Forbes, and draws a weekly political cartoon for Medium. She's a founding member of the US branch of the international organization FECO, and has taught at Vassar College and The School of Visual Arts. She received an honorary PhD from the University of Connecticut and is a cultural envoy for the US State Department, traveling to speak about women's rights, freedom of expression and cartoons.
Liza Donnelly | Speaker | TED.com