Barbara J. King: Grief and love in the animal kingdom
Barbara Dž. Kinga: Sēras un mīlestība dzīvnieku pasaulē
As a writer on animal cognition and emotion, Barbara J. King seeks to motivate us all to be kinder to the animals we share the planet with. Full bio
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about an orca named Tahlequah.
par zobenvaļu mātīti vārdā Talekva.
as J35 to scientists,
in the Salish Sea.
British Columbia and Washington State.
un Vašingtonas štata ūdeņos.
in her 17-month pregnancy,
grūtniecības beigu posms,
in this pod for three long years.
nebija izdzīvojis neviens no mazuļiem.
known as killer whales.
arī par plēsoņdelfīniem.
and profoundly intelligent beings.
un ārkārtīgi inteliģentas būtnes,
in their behavior,
šo dzīvnieku uzvedība,
they share habits, information
tie dalās ar paradumiem, informāciju
has been way down in the region,
iemīļoto čaviču, lašveidīgo zivju, skaits,
gave birth to a daughter,
Talekvai piedzima meitiņa,
by this development.
in fact, shortly after birth --
patiesībā īsi pēc piedzimšanas,
electrified animal lovers
satrieca dzīvnieku mīļotājus
to let her baby slip off into the water.
and she swam with it.
she would dive and rescue it,
viņa ienira, lai to glābtu,
par spīti spēcīgām jūras straumēm.
she swam over 1,000 miles.
vairāk nekā 1600 kilometrus.
slip off into the water.
mazulim ieslīdēt ūdenī.
swims on with the J Pod,
is the right word to use.
is the right word to use
kas sēro par saviem mirušajiem –
these behavioral cues,
šīs uzvedības norādes
an animal's emotional state.
emocionālo stāvokli.
examples of animal grief --
and in wild animals --
of animal grief.
to you right up front
it's been a big deterrent
we project onto other animals
un emocijas uz citiem dzīvniekiem.
think of examples of this.
iedomāties šādas situācijas.
towards a squirrel,
tikai gribēja paspēlēties.”
to read an animal's mind.
kas dzīvniekiem prātā.
with some meaning.
piešķirot tām jēgu.
often push back at me,
bieži vien ir pretargumenti:
has been disrupted."
about anthropomorphism
par antropomorfismu
can care very deeply for each other,
rūpēties viens par otru,
can be pierced by a death.
on embracing part of ourselves.
of animal grief,
ka dzīvnieki patiesi sēro,
a better place for animals,
iejūtīgāku vietu dzīvniekiem.
about animal grief.
par dzīvnieku sērām.
an elephant named Eleanor
ar nobrāztām kājām
kas tūlīt pat piesteidzās klāt
came to her right away
visibly distressed,
pauda acīmredzamu satraukumu,
and she vocalized.
un vokalizēja.
from another family named Maui,
zilonene no cita bara,
and she stayed at the body.
un palika pie līķa.
and she even rocked in distress
kā to dara ziloņi stresa ietekmē.
Eleanoras līķi rūpīgi novēroja
should be classified as grief.
būtu klasificējamas kā sēras.
raksturīga šūpošanās,
himself or herself away from friends
or vocalization.
for those of us studying this
of a survivor before death
of our interpretation.
ļauj izskaidrot precīzāk.
vārdā Hārpers un Kols.
named Harper and Kohl.
at a foie gras factory,
fuagrā putnu fabrikā,
force-feeding of birds.
spirits were not in good shape, either.
gan fiziski, gan dvēseliski.
by a farm sanctuary in upstate New York.
saudzētava Ņujorkas ziemeļos.
and they were fast friends.
un bija nešķirami draugi.
to a small pond on the property.
īpašuma mazajā dīķītī.
really intractable pain in his legs,
that he had to be euthanized humanely,
ka pareizākais ir viņu iemidzināt,
did a brilliant thing,
izdarīja ko īpašu –
to the body to see.
viņi aiznesa parādīt Hārperam.
the body of his friend,
for over an hour with his friend.
vairāk nekā stundu.
where he had been with Kohl,
kurā bija pavadījis laiku ar Kolu,
piedzīvo bēdīgu galu.
have this sorrowful outcome.
to visit my adult daughter, Sarah.
lai apciemotu savu meitu Sāru.
atvilkt elpu no darba.
and I checked my work email.
about a dejected donkey.
par atraidītu ēzeli.
this wasn't what I expected,
ko kā antropoloģe gaidīju,
un man prieks, ka to izlasīju.
had gone to another farm sanctuary,
no vienas saudzētavas uz citu,
for that reason.
with an older horse named Jake,
ar pavecu zirgu Džeiku,
abi bija nešķirami.
was that Jake, at age 32, the horse,
ka Džeiks 32 gadu vecumā
and had to be put down,
She didn't want to come in for food.
Viņa negribēja ēst.
she brayed in distress,
atrast jaunu draugu.
diverge from that of Harper the duck,
citādi nekā pīles Hārpera piedzīvotais,
and said it worked out well.
un pastāstīja, ka viss beidzies labi.
supplement observation
novērojumus papildina
of scientists in Botswana,
and compared two different groups.
izmantojot fēču materiālu.
who had witnessed a predator attack
kas pieredzējušas plēsēja uzbrukumu
who had witnessed an attack
mātītes, kas pieredzējušas uzbrukumu,
were way up in that first group.
pirmajā grupā bija ievērojami augstāks.
call them "stressed baboons,"
par satrauktiem paviāniem,
kas pārdzīvo tuvinieka zaudējumu,
of the observations that they made.
pair were very close,
valdīja ļoti tuvas attiecības,
was killed by a lion.
from all her friends,
ar apčubināšanas grupām,
and just stayed by herself for weeks --
tuvinieka zaudējumu.
about bereaved bees?
kas pārdzīvo tuvinieka zaudējumu?
is because animals really need
ir ciešas, viens pret vienu attiecības.
for that to happen.
and personality matters.
arī apstākļiem un personībai.
cats and dogs who grieve,
sērojošus kaķus un suņus,
who was extremely bothered
kuru ārkārtīgi satrauca tas,
in the house has died.
ģimenes pirmais suns,
seem concerned, the second dog.
tas neko nenozīmē –
the only animal in the household,
nu ir vienīgais dzīvnieks ģimenē,
that was a pretty good deal.
are not going to grieve
mazliet citādi nekā mēs.
we've never met,
kurus nekad neesam satikuši,
that their grief isn't real.
ja izvēlamies redzēt.
at a young age from AIDS.
jaunībā nomira no AIDS.
here have lost someone.
kādu reiz ir zaudējuši.
the only beings on this earth
ka neesam vienīgās būtnes,
this a step further,
arī spert soli tālāk
that the reality of animal grief
and do better for animals.
labāk izturēties pret dzīvniekiem.
renewed their talks with greater urgency
par steidzamu vaļu aizsardzību,
plausibility to the notion
daudz un dažādas emocijas.
sadness, even hope.
skumjas, pat cerības.
to think about the world.
domāt citādi par visu pasauli.
we know they feel their lives,
mēs zinām, ka tie jūt,
to small tanks in theme parks
mazos atrakciju parku baseinos
for our entertainment.
and say, yes, they grieve,
against international trophy hunting
trofeju medībām un malumedniecību.
living relatives, monkeys and apes,
tuvākajiem radiniekiem, pērtiķiem,
they feel their lives,
mēs zinām, ka tie jūt,
biomedicīniskiem eksperimentiem.
they tell us something too.
mums kaut ko iemāca.
and realize that what we eat
un saprast, ka tas, ko ēdam,
and it's not just ducks.
and cows in factory farms,
that these animals feel, too.
ka arī šie dzīvnieki jūt.
we choose a plant-based meal,
augu valsts maltīti,
to reducing animal suffering.
dzīvnieku ciešanu mazināšanā.
of animal grief.
ka dzīvnieki patiešām sēro.
cilvēkiem, ir laiks atzīt,
we don't own these things.
so much better for animals,
draudzīgāku vietu dzīvniekiem,
just save ourselves, too.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Barbara J. King - Biological anthropologist, writerAs a writer on animal cognition and emotion, Barbara J. King seeks to motivate us all to be kinder to the animals we share the planet with.
Why you should listen
Barbara J. King writes and speaks about the thinking and feeling abilities of animals ranging from our closest living relatives, monkeys and apes, to orcas and octopuses. In her own words: "After 28 years of teaching anthropology at the College of William and Mary, I’m now a full-time freelance science writer and speaker. My husband and I care for homeless cats and spend all the time we can in nature. For work, I’ve observed baboons in Kenya, and gorillas and bonobos in captivity, and for pleasure bison in Yellowstone. I focus on how the science of animal cognition and emotion might help animals.
"My books take up topics ranging from animal grief to who (not what) we eat and how religion evolved, tied together by my focus on animals. I wrote weekly for six years for NPR about science, and my work has appeared in Scientific American, Aeon and Undark magazines. I love giving public science talks and I am active daily on Twitter @bjkingape."
King is the author of How Animals Grieve, Personalities on the Plate and Evolving God.
Barbara J. King | Speaker | TED.com