Charles C. Mann: How will we survive when the population hits 10 billion?
Charles C. Mann: Jak przetrwamy, gdy populacja sięgnie 10 miliardów ludzi?
Charles C. Mann calls himself "a fella who tries to find out interesting things and tell others about them." Full bio
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to answer that question is this.
of human physical well-being:
average calories per day,
dzienną porcję kalorii,
that sort of thing,
you get the same result.
taki sam wykres.
at a low level for millennia,
in the 19th and 20th century.
w XIX i XX wieku.
consumption of fresh water,
at a low level for millennia,
in the 19th and 20th century.
w XIX i XX wieku.
a population or species
gdy dana populacja lub gatunek
keeps populations and species
prevent them from expanding too much.
w zubożonym środowisku.
a species escapes its bounds.
rozgwiazda z Oceanu Indyjskiego,
in the Indian Ocean,
spruce budworm here in Canada.
zwójka w Kanadzie.
a hundredfold, a thousandfold,
setek, tysięcy, milionów.
lesson from biology:
into a petri dish full of nutrient goo.
w szalce Petriego pełnej pożywki.
their environment constrains them.
ogranicza ilość pokarmu.
an ocean of breakfast
the edge of the petri dish,
drown in their own waste,
than the protozoa in the petri dish.
w szalce Petriego.
think make us different --
they don't matter.
jest bez znaczenia.
naczynia laboratoryjnego.
of the petri dish, simple as that.
Is this actually true?
to hit the edge of the petri dish?
this question for a moment
how are we going to do it?
jak tego dokonamy?
10 billion people in the world,
10 miliardów ludzi.
the things that you and I want:
Toblerone for 10 billion people.
get water to everybody,
zapewnić wodę, prąd,
avoid the worst impacts of climate change?
to researchers for years,
fall into two broad categories,
properly applied,
odpowiednio zastosowane,
our way out of our dilemmas.
sposób na problemy.
by fundamental ecological processes
od procesów ekologicznych,
transgress to our peril.
ku własnej zgubie.
butting their heads together for decades,
is key to a successful future.
jest kluczem do sukcesu.
different types of technology
hyperefficient megacities
superwydajne megamiasta
of untouched nature,
transitioned from atoms to bits,
odrzucające materializm
on exploiting nature.
comes from compact nuclear plants;
with ultraproductive,
o małym wpływie na środowisko,
tended by robots;
genetycznie modyfikowane uprawy,
desalination plants,
jednostek odsalających,
exploit rivers and aquifers.
but walkable megacities,
of maximum human aspiration
zmaksymalizowanych dążeń
food and water, they point out.
given us massive soil erosion,
zwiększa erozję gleby,
and ruined soil microbiomes.
i mikrobiomy glebowe.
equally giant piles of toxic salt
góry toksycznej soli,
impossible to dispose of.
an actually existing megacity
except for possibly Tokyo,
of corruption and inequality?
of smaller, interconnected communities,
współzależnych społeczności,
of maximum human connection
in the countryside in this vision,
solar and wind installations
from giant desalination plants.
z jednostek odsalających.
from small-scale networks of farms
niewielkich gospodarstw,
like wheat and rice.
people changing their habits.
zmiany w ludzkich nawykach.
they take their renewable-powered train.
hot showers every morning.
like Michael Pollan says,
głównie rośliny, z umiarem.
submitting to nature's restraints
podporządkowanie prawom natury.
healthier way of life.
demokratycznego, zdrowego życia.
regression, and global poverty.
only extends the human footprint
zwiększy nasz wpływ na środowisko
into low-wage agricultural labor.
that doesn't exist yet.
on growth and development.
To hamowanie wzrostu i postępu.
to the prophets' emphasis
was one of unbridled growth,
niepohamowany wzrost,
may well be the choice we make
wybrać jedną ze ścieżek.
resolved, in one way or another,
spadnie na nasze dzieci,
into the world of 10 billion.
biologists should be rolling their eyes
wywracają oczami tak głośno,
all of this, wizards, prophets,
czarodzieje, prorocy - to mrzonki.
you think you're taking.
see the edge of the petri dish approaching
pierwotniaki mówią:
time to change society"?
and we're part of life.
you have to take this into consideration.
muszą to wziąć pod uwagę.
boils down to: "We're special."
"Jesteśmy wyjątkowi".
and share knowledge
używać jak drogowskazu.
using our accumulated, shared knowledge
sobie długotrwały dobrobyt?
modyfikowane uprawy
genetically engineered crops
in tomorrow's world,
that they are safe to consume
przekonać konsumentów.
to embrace this technology.
today's growing shortage of fresh water
niedoboru wody jest oszczędzanie.
that cities around the world,
or more of their water
przez dziurawe i zanieczyszczone rury.
while ago, almost ran out of water.
of its water to leaky pipes.
getting worse for decades,
i nic się z tym nie robi.
has been done about it.
that clean, abundant,
elektrownie jądrowe to rozwiązanie.
is key to fighting climate change,
nie chcą ich budować.
to build nukes is going down.
that the solution to the same problem
że rozwiązanie problemu
shuttling power back and forth,
anywhere in the world
necessary to develop this technology
by rozwinąć tę technologię
wizard or prophet,
the massive alarm about climate change,
wokół zmian klimatu,
from fossil fuels has gone up
z paliw kopalnych wzrosła
since the beginning of this century.
than the protozoa?
between us and the protozoa,
and technology and so forth --
we can go out into the streets,
change the way society works,
literally for decades
to resolving climate change.
do rozwiązania zmian klimatu,
occurred less than two years ago,
był niecałe 2 lata temu
marches of the past.
marszom anty-nuklearnym.
again literally for decades,
to keeping freshwater supplies
do utrzymania zasobów wody
that generate those freshwater supplies.
które jej dostarczają.
there has never been a street
waving signs about leaky pipes.
activity in this sphere
na walkach proroków z czarodziejami,
fighting each other, protesting each other
fundamentally, on the same side.
że są po jednej stronie.
about the same thing:
in the world of 10 billion?
kiedy będzie nas 10 miliardów?
that necessary social movement,
potrzebnego ruchu społecznego,
that yelling and screaming going
i protestować, jest oczywisty.
wizards and prophets join together.
powinni połączyć siły.
given the decades of hostility?
całe wieki antagonizmu?
the fundamental premises of the other.
podstawowe założenia drugiej.
is safe and carbon-free,
jest bezpieczna i czysta,
can be hideously dirty
of toxic waste on rickety trains
rozklekotanymi pociągami
the countryside is a terrible idea.
to a vision of small,
while we develop and deploy renewables.
wykorzystywać surowców naturalnych,
modified crops are safe
że modyfikowane uprawy są bezpieczne,
has caused huge environmental problems.
szkodzi środowisku.
to a vision of plant scientists
to tree and tuber crops,
productive than cereals,
and cause much less erosion than cereals.
from a random journalist.
right here in this room.
have many paths to success.
prowadzi do sukcesu.
much more than mere survival,
survives its own outbreak,
get water to everybody,
wszystkim jedzenie, wodę,
of climate change,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Charles C. Mann - Science journalistCharles C. Mann calls himself "a fella who tries to find out interesting things and tell others about them."
Why you should listen
Twenty years ago, on the day his daughter was born, Charles C. Mann suddenly realized that by the time she reaches his age, there will be almost ten billion people in the world. How is that going to work? How are we going to feed everybody, get water to everybody, get power to everybody and avoid the worst impacts of climate change? Is there any hope we can do all of this?
As a science journalist, Mann has been asking these questions to researchers for years. His TED2018 talk is his best effort to explain the kind of answers he gets, and what they mean -- all in 12 minutes.
Mann is the author of 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created and his latest, The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and Their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrow's World.
Charles C. Mann | Speaker | TED.com