Margaret Bourdeaux: Why civilians suffer more once a war is over
Margaret Bourdeaux: Por que civis sofrem mais quando uma guerra termina
Margaret Bourdeaux investigates the best ways to protect, recover and reconstruct health systems and institutions disrupted by war or disaster. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
what it would be like
there are no rules
and there are no laws.
have disappeared.
sociais desapareceram.
about what this is like,
a medical student in 1999,
estudante de medicina, em 1999,
in the Balkans during the Kosovo War.
nos Bálcãs durante a Guerra do Kosovo.
from my medical school
that I had befriended in the camp
eu tinha feito amizade no acampamento
life in this postwar setting.
a vida neste cenário de pós-guerra.
was a very interesting place
era um lugar muito interessante
the war didn't break out again.
que a guerra não começasse novamente.
it was actually a lawless place,
both public and private,
tanto públicas como privadas
of these situations and settings,
em uma situação e lugar desses,
before you run into a situation
para você perceber
how incredibly vulnerable you are.
when I had to cross the first checkpoint,
atravessei o primeiro ponto de inspeção;
through this checkpoint
por esse ponto de inspeção
right then and there,
ali, naquele instante,
anything illegal.
was absolutely nothing
que eu tinha não era nada
of the families that I got to know
das famílias que eu conheci
where there are no social institutions
em que não existem instituições sociais
"What are we going to eat tonight?"
"O que vamos comer hoje à noite?"
when you don't have any security systems,
nenhum sistema de segurança,
with the neighbor down the block
com o vizinho na outra rua
that will end my life
que acabará com a minha vida
when there is no health system
onde não há um sistema de saúde
had to sort through questions like,
resolver questões como:
What am I going to do?"
is bleeding. What should I do?
está sangrando. O que devo fazer?
where are the nurses?
será que ele é confiável?
In what currency will I pay them?"
Em que moeda posso pagá-los?"
where will I find them?
onde posso encontrá-los?"
será que eles são falsificados?"
are they actually counterfeits?"
the dominant feature of life,
that people have to manage
que essas pessoas têm de suportar
é muito difícil de explicar
is incredibly difficult to explain
who are living outside of it.
por pessoas que vivem fora dele.
I became a physician,
health policy researcher.
em políticas de saúde pública global.
do Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Division of Global Health.
resolver esse problema imediatamente.
on this problem right away.
a vulnerabilidade devastadora
the crushing vulnerability
nesses ambientes frágeis?
of fragile settings?
we can start to think about
e recuperar rapidamente
that are critical to survival,
decisivas para a sobrevivência,
I had amazing colleagues.
eu tinha colegas incríveis.
question for them.
era estranho para eles.
"Oh, if you work in war,
trabalha na guerra,
em campos de refugiados,
you work on refugee camps,
mass atrocities?" --
very, very important.
why I was so passionate about this issue,
por que eu me importava tanto com isso,
the public health consequences of war
da guerra na saúde pública,
provocative conclusion.
e provocadora conclusão.
and disability from war
e deficiências da guerra
living in a conflict-affected state
em um estado afetado pelo conflito
has been achieved.
but of course it's not,
by robbing them of their clinics,
por retirar delas suas clínicas,
they're on the run.
assassinados; estão em fuga.
and yet more deadly is the destruction
mortal é a destruição
and their finances.
de saúde e suas finanças.
surprising at all to me.
and somewhat dismaying,
e um tanto desanimador,
que essa informação trouxe,
about human suffering and war.
o sofrimento humano e a guerra.
country of Liberia.
um país no oeste africano.
about this group, Doctors Without Borders,
Médicos sem Fronteiras,
and calling for aid and assistance.
e pediram por ajuda e assistência.
answered the question:
não respondeu a pergunta:
even in Liberia?
estão na Libéria?"
is an amazing organization,
é uma organização incrível,
emergency care in war zones.
auxílio emergencial em zonas de guerra.
terminou em 2003,
before Ebola even struck.
antes da aparição do Ebola.
in the entire country
com 4,5 milhões de pessoas.
a functioning health system,
um sistema de saúde em funcionamento,
atingiu o Haiti em 2010,
aid was phenomenal.
two percent of that funding
que apenas 2% daquele fundo
de instituições públicas no Haiti,
Haitian public institutions,
from the earthquake even today.
por causa do terremoto até hoje.
in the northern autonomous region of Iraq,
autônoma ao nordeste do Iraque,
that in the last nine months,
que nos últimos nove meses,
from four million people
de 4 milhões de pessoas
have experienced incredible trauma.
passaram por traumas terríveis.
16-hour days without pay.
16 horas por dia sem remuneração.
by 25 percent;
and to short-term relief efforts.
direcionados à segurança
um indicador, ele falhará,
influenciará a decisão
of the five million people in his region
whether they should flee
this is a frustrating topic for me,
um assunto frustrante para mim,
and security systems?
e de segurança nativos?
two arguments.
duas preocupações, dois argumentos.
in these settings are corrupt
nessa situação são corruptas
unsavory characters
in these situations.
de saúde nessas situações.
is absolutely true
é completamente verdadeiro
to Haiti, to Liberia --
ao Kosovo, ao Haiti, à Libéria,
for their country,
atingiram seus países,
to save their health institutions.
suas instituições de saúde.
who wants to help
que deseja ajudar
para que eles guiem.
in Afghanistan.
que aconteceu no Afeganistão.
success stories
in Afghanistan
em reconstruir o Afeganistão
investing heavily
do Banco Mundial em 2002
Afghani health sector leaders.
líderes do setor de saúde afegão.
have pulled off an incredible feat
conseguiram uma proeza impressionante
access to health care
o acesso à saúde
the health status
o estado de saúde da população afegã,
of Health does things
não temos dinheiro.
we just don't have the money.
that the current situation
we could possibly conceive of.
que poderia existir.
is that when governments like the US --
como o norte-americano,
of governments
and disaster relief worldwide.
de emergência e desastre no mundo inteiro.
that's just disaster relief.
é somente ajuda para o desastre.
goes to international relief agencies,
de ajuda humanitária internacionais,
into these areas,
recursos para aquelas áreas,
of temporary health system, let's say,
de sistema de saúde temporário, digamos,
quando o dinheiro acaba.
when they run out of money.
community policy experts,
comunitárias de saúde global,
in how to monitor
especialistas em monitorar
of health systems
dos sistemas de saúde
de saúde acabarem,
and wave our arms.
e acenar com os braços.
eles não precisam que nós mostremos isso.
they don't need us to tell them that.
need to take their cue
do Banco Mundial no Afeganistão.
in Afghanistan,
health sector leaders like these.
líderes do setor de saúde como estes.
with some support.
de sua coragem com nosso apoio.
and make new partnerships.
e fazer novas parcerias.
with NATO and other security policy makers
com a OTAN e outras organizações
to protect health system institutions
do sistema de saúde
and other critical social institutions
e outras instituições sociais críticas
collateral damage;
we need to engage is you,
que precisamos ter é você,
and indeed, the world public.
e, sem dúvida, o público mundial.
the value of social institutions,
o valor das instituições sociais,
in these fragile settings,
nestes ambientes frágeis,
os esforços para salvá-los.
doctors are on the run in country X.
estão em fuga no país X.
de detectar uma gripe influenza".
to, let's say, detect influenza."
That's what I'd tell you.
Eu diria isso a você.
institution defenders and builders.
norte-americanos favoritos.
the Marshall Plan
institutions after World War II.
europeias após a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
really serves as the foundation
realmente serviu de base
human rights organizations.
internacionais de direitos humanos.
in terms of creating institutions,
de criação de instituições,
country was threatened,
nosso país estava ameaçado,
to protect human security,
para proteger a segurança humana;
e também para a nossa.
should do the same.
deve fazer o mesmo.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Margaret Bourdeaux - Physician, global health policy analystMargaret Bourdeaux investigates the best ways to protect, recover and reconstruct health systems and institutions disrupted by war or disaster.
Why you should listen
Margaret Ellis Bourdeaux, MD, MPH spearheads the Threatened Health Systems Project at Harvard Medical School -- an initiative that brings together public sector leaders, health care providers, academics, military strategists and private sector stakeholders to generate creative approaches to protecting valuable health system resources in countries affected by armed conflict and acute political crisis.
Bourdeaux's journey in global health began when she took a year of leave from Yale Medical School to work in refugee camps during the Kosovo War in 1999. She returned on her own after the war to trace families she had befriended in the camps and find out what had happened to them. Living in villages of Kosovo's countryside, she documented how these families struggled to care for their children, find health services and make a living in a society decimated by genocide and ethnic conflict. This experience impressed upon her the stark truth that war kills people by stripping them of their personal, community and national resources and institutions. Far more people died in Kosovo from the depleted health systems and institutions than from wounds sustained during the armed conflict.
Later experiences in Haiti, Afghanistan, Libya, Sierra Leon, Madagascar and Liberia revealed a similar pattern: armed conflict would decimate indigenous health institutions that never recovered, leaving people helpless when later crises -- earthquakes, epidemics, renewed conflict -- invariably struck. Strong, resilient health systems are the key to making war, disasters and epidemics less deadly.
After completing a joint residency in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at the Harvard Combined Med/Peds Program, Bourdeaux was among the first graduates of Brigham and Women's Global Women's Health Fellowship. She has worked with the Office of the Secretary of Defense Policy to analyze the US Department of Defense’s global health projects and programs. She led a joint Harvard-NATO team of analysts to evaluate the impacts, challenges and opportunities international security forces have in protecting and rebuilding health systems in conflict affected states. She joined the faculty of the Division of Global Health Equity at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in 2011.
This year she was awarded the prestigious Harvard Global Health Institute's Burke Fellowship in Global Health to investigate the responsiveness of foreign aid to health system distress and disruption. She is co-developing the first executive education course between Harvard Medical School and Harvard Kennedy School of Government for senior security policy makers on health system threat detection and response. In addition, she is launching Harvard Global Health Institute's first Summit on Threatened Health Systems in June 2017.
Margaret Bourdeaux | Speaker | TED.com