ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elizabeth Wayne - Biomedical engineer
TED Fellow Dr. Elizabeth Wayne is a biomedical engineer and advocate for women in higher education.

Why you should listen
Dr. Elizabeth Wayne received her Bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Pennsylvania, where she was a Ronald E. McNair Scholar and Moelis Access Science Scholar. She continued her education at Cornell University, where her research on the role of immune cells in cancer progression and their potential as drug delivery carriers was supported by funding from the National Cancer Institute Physical Sciences in Oncology Network and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2016, Wayne earned her PhD in biomedical engineering, where her work in immune cell-mediated drug delivery resulted in several publications and a technology patent. Her current research uses macrophages to delivery therapeutic genes to solid tumors.

Wayne is a strong advocate for women in science. She has been a chief organizer for the Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics (CUWIP) at Cornell as well as a panelist and workshop leader at CUWiPs held at Yale and Harvard. She has received awards for her advocacy including the Constance and Alice Cook Award.

Wayne is currently a National Cancer Institute Cancer Nanotechnology Training Program Postdoctoral Fellow in the Eshelman School of Pharmacy at UNC-Chapel Hill. She was recognized as a 2017 TED Fellow for her cancer nanotechnology research and efforts to amplify voices of women in leadership and higher education through her podcast PhDivas. Wayne has been featured in various publications including Bust Magazine, Cornell Chronicle and the Los Angeles Times.

As a speaker, Wayne works with high schools, colleges and nonprofit organizations across the country to encourage the inclusion of women in science.
More profile about the speaker
Elizabeth Wayne | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

Elizabeth Wayne: We can hack our immune cells to fight cancer

Elizabeth Wayne: Podemos fazer nossas células imunes combaterem o câncer

Filmed:
1,452,700 views

Depois de décadas de pesquisa e bilhões de dólares gastos em testes clínicos, ainda temos problemas com a liberação controlada de remédios de câncer no nosso corpo, afirma a engenheira biomédica Elizabeth Wayne. A quimioterapia mata o câncer, mas destrói o resto de nosso corpo também. Em vez de de usar um design humano para combater o câncer, por que não usar o da natureza? Nessa breve palestra, Wayne explica como seu laboratório está criando tratamentos com nanopartículas que se vinculam às células imunes, os principais defensores do corpo, para visarem células cancerígenas sem danificar as saudáveis.
- Biomedical engineer
TED Fellow Dr. Elizabeth Wayne is a biomedical engineer and advocate for women in higher education. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
After decades of research
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Após décadas de pesquisa
00:14
and billions of dollars
spent in clinical trials,
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e de bilhões de dólares
gastos em testes clínicos,
00:18
we still have a problem
with cancer drug delivery.
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a liberação controlada no corpo de drogas
contra o câncer ainda é um problema.
00:22
We still give patients chemotherapy,
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Pacientes ainda fazem quimioterapia,
um método não específico
00:24
which is so non-specific
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00:26
that even though
it kills the cancer cells,
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que, apesar de matar células cancerígenas,
00:29
it kind of kills
the rest of your body, too.
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também destrói o resto de seu corpo.
00:32
And yes, we have developed
more selective drugs,
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Sim, já desenvolvemos
remédios mais seletivos,
00:35
but it's still a challenge
to get them into the tumor,
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mas ainda é um desafio
colocá-los diretamente no tumor,
00:38
and they end up accumulating
in the other organs as well
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e eles acabam se acumulando
em outros órgãos
00:41
or passing through your urine,
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ou passando pela urina,
00:43
which is a total waste.
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o que é um grande desperdício.
00:46
And fields like mine have emerged
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Áreas de estudo, como a minha, surgiram
para tentarmos encapsular esses remédios
00:48
where we try to encapsulate these drugs
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00:50
to protect them as they
travel through the body.
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e protegê-los enquanto viajam pelo corpo.
00:52
But these modifications cause problems
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Mas essas modificações causam problemas,
00:55
that we make more modifications to fix.
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e aí fazemos mais modificações
para consertá-las.
00:58
So what I'm really trying to say
is we need a better drug delivery system.
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É preciso melhorar o sistema
de liberação de fármacos no corpo.
01:03
And I propose,
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Quero propor, em vez de só utilizar
designs humanos, usar os da natureza.
01:04
rather than using solely human design,
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01:07
why not use nature's?
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01:10
Immune cells are these versatile vehicles
that travel throughout our body,
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Células imunes são veículos versáteis
que viajam por todo o corpo,
01:14
patrolling for signs of disease
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patrulhando à procura de doenças
01:16
and arriving at a wound
mere minutes after injury.
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e, após poucos segundos,
chegam a uma ferida.
01:20
So I ask you guys:
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Então, pergunto-lhes:
01:22
If immune cells are already traveling
to places of injury or disease
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se as células imunes já viajam a locais
com feridas e doenças em nossos corpos,
01:25
in our bodies,
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por que não levar um passageiro a mais?
01:26
why not add an extra passenger?
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01:28
Why not use immune cells to deliver drugs
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Por que não usar células imunes
para levar esses remédios
01:31
to cure some of our biggest problems
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e curar uma das nossas maiores doenças?
01:33
in disease?
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01:36
I am a biomedical engineer,
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Sou uma engenheira biomédica,
01:38
and I want to tell you guys a story
about how I use immune cells
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e quero contar a vocês
como eu uso as células imunes
01:41
to target one of the largest
problems in cancer.
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para visarem um dos maiores
problemas do câncer.
01:44
Did you know that over 90 percent
of cancer deaths
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Vocês sabiam que mais de 90%
das mortes por câncer
01:47
can be attributed to its spread?
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são atribuídas a sua propagação?
01:48
So if we can stop these cancer cells
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Logo, se impedirmos
essas células cancerígenas
01:51
from going from the primary tumor
to a distant site,
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de irem de seu tumor original
para um local distante,
01:54
we can stop cancer right in its tracks
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podemos deter o avanço do câncer
no corpo e devolver a vida às pessoas.
01:56
and give people more of their lives back.
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Para cumprir essa missão especial,
02:00
To do this special mission,
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02:01
we decided to deliver
a nanoparticle made of lipids,
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decidimos liberar
uma nanopartícula feita de lipídios,
02:04
which are the same materials
that compose your cell membrane.
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que possuem o mesmo material
que compõe as membranas celulares.
02:08
And we've added two special molecules.
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Adicionamos mais duas moléculas especiais.
02:11
One is called e-selectin,
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Uma é a "e-selectina",
que serve como uma cola,
02:14
which acts as a glue
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02:15
that binds the nanoparticle
to the immune cell.
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conectando as nanopartículas
às células imunes.
02:19
And the second one is called trail.
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A segunda molécula é a "TRAIL".
02:21
Trail is a therapeutic drug
that kills cancer cells
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"TRAIL" é um remédio terapêutico que mata
células cancerígenas, mas não as normais.
02:24
but not normal cells.
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02:26
Now, when you put both of these together,
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Daí, ao combinar as duas, temos
uma máquina mortífera sobre rodas.
02:29
you have a mean killing machine on wheels.
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02:35
To test this, we ran
an experiment in a mouse.
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Para testar, efetuamos
o experimento em um rato.
02:39
So what we did was we injected
the nanoparticles,
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O que fizemos foi injetar
as nanopartículas,
02:42
and they bound almost immediately
to the immune cells in the bloodstream.
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que rapidamente se ligaram
às células imunes na corrente sanguínea.
Daí, injetamos células cancerígenas
para simular o seu processo
02:46
And then we injected the cancer cells
to mimic a process
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02:49
through which cancer cells
spread throughout our bodies.
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de propagação pelo corpo.
E descobrimos algo muito animador.
02:52
And we found something very exciting.
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Descobrimos que, no grupo tratado,
02:55
We found that in our treated group,
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02:58
over 75 percent of the cancer cells
we initially injected were dead or dying,
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mais de 75% das células cancerígenas
injetadas estavam mortas ou morrendo,
03:03
in comparison to only around 25 percent.
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em comparação com apenas
25% do grupo não tratado.
03:05
So just imagine: these fewer
amount of cells were available
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Imaginem: essas poucas células
estavam disponíveis
para se espalharem
para uma parte diferente do corpo.
03:09
to actually be able to spread
to a different part of the body.
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Isso aconteceu em apenas duas horas.
03:12
And this is only after
two hours of treatment.
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03:14
Our results were amazing,
and we had some pretty interesting press.
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Os resultados foram incríveis,
e chamamos a atenção da imprensa.
03:19
My favorite title was actually,
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Minha manchete preferida foi:
03:22
"Sticky balls may stop
the spread of cancer."
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"Bolas pegajosas podem parar
a propagação do câncer".
03:24
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
03:26
I can't tell you just how smug
my male colleagues were,
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Não consigo descrever o quanto
meus colegas homens ficaram cheios de si
03:30
knowing that their sticky balls
might one day cure cancer.
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ao saberem que suas bolas pegajosas
poderiam curar o câncer.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
03:35
But I can tell you they made
some pretty, pretty, exciting,
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Mas posso dizer que eles fizeram
umas camisas bem legais e muito atrevidas.
03:38
pretty ballsy t-shirts.
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03:40
This was also my first experience
talking to patients
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Essa foi minha primeira experiência
falando com pacientes.
03:44
where they asked how soon
our therapy would be available.
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E eles me perguntaram
quando a terapia estaria disponível.
03:48
And I keep these stories with me
to remind me of the importance
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Gosto de guardar estas histórias
para me lembrar da importância
03:51
of the science,
the scientists and the patients.
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da ciência, de cientistas e pacientes.
03:55
Now, our fast-acting results
were pretty interesting,
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Os resultados rápidos
foram bem interessantes,
03:58
but we still had one lingering question:
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mas ainda tínhamos uma questão pendente.
04:00
Can our sticky balls,
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As bolas pegajosas e nossas partículas
anexadas às células imunes
04:02
our particles actually attached
to the immune cells,
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podem impedir a propagação do câncer?
04:04
actually stop the spread of cancer?
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04:07
So we went to our animal model,
and we found three important parts.
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Pegamos nossos modelos animais,
e descobrimos três partes importantes.
04:12
Our primary tumors were smaller
in our treated animals,
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O tumor original estava
menor nos animais tratados,
04:15
there were fewer cells in circulation,
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havia menos células circulando,
04:18
and there was little to no
tumor burden in the distant organs.
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e havia pouca, ou nenhuma,
carga tumoral nos órgãos distantes.
04:22
Now, this wasn't just a victory
for us and our sticky balls.
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Isso não foi só uma vitória para nós
e nossas bolas pegajosas.
04:26
This was also a victory to me
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Para mim, foi uma vitória
na liberação do remédio,
04:28
in drug delivery,
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04:30
and it represents a paradigm shift,
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e ela representa uma mudança
de paradigma, uma revolução:
04:32
a revolution --
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04:34
to go from just using drugs,
just injecting them
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fomos de usar os remédios,
ou só injetá-los,
04:37
and hoping they go to the right
places in the body,
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e rezar para que chegassem
ao local certo do corpo,
04:40
to using immune cells
as special delivery drivers in your body.
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para usar células imunes como motoristas
de distribuição especial em nossos corpos.
04:45
For this example, we used two molecules,
e-selectin and trail,
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Para esse exemplo, usamos duas moléculas,
a "e-selecina" e a "TRAIL",
04:49
but really, the possibility
of drugs you can use are endless.
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mas as possibilidades de remédios
que podemos usar são infinitas.
04:53
And I talked about cancer,
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Falei sobre o câncer,
mas onde as doenças estão
é lá que as células imunes estarão.
04:55
but where disease goes,
so do immune cells.
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04:59
So this could be used for any disease.
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Logo, isso pode ser aplicado
a qualquer doença.
05:02
Imagine using immune cells
to deliver crucial wound-healing agents
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Imaginem usar células imunes para enviar
agentes cruciais para curar feridas
05:06
after a spinal cord injury,
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depois de uma lesão na medula espinhal,
05:09
or using immune cells to deliver drugs
past the blood-brain barrier
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ou usá-las para enviar remédios
para além da barreira hematoencefálica
05:13
to treat Parkinson's
or Alzheimer's disease.
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e tratar o mal de Parkinson
ou de Alzheimer.
05:17
These are the ideas that excite me
about science the most.
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São essas as ideias que mais
me animam sobre a ciência.
05:20
And from where I stand,
I see so much promise and opportunity.
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Na minha opinião, eu vejo
muita esperança e oportunidade.
Obrigada.
05:24
Thank you.
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(Aplausos)
05:25
(Applause)
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Translated by Joao Vital Parente Correia
Reviewed by Raissa Mendes

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elizabeth Wayne - Biomedical engineer
TED Fellow Dr. Elizabeth Wayne is a biomedical engineer and advocate for women in higher education.

Why you should listen
Dr. Elizabeth Wayne received her Bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Pennsylvania, where she was a Ronald E. McNair Scholar and Moelis Access Science Scholar. She continued her education at Cornell University, where her research on the role of immune cells in cancer progression and their potential as drug delivery carriers was supported by funding from the National Cancer Institute Physical Sciences in Oncology Network and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2016, Wayne earned her PhD in biomedical engineering, where her work in immune cell-mediated drug delivery resulted in several publications and a technology patent. Her current research uses macrophages to delivery therapeutic genes to solid tumors.

Wayne is a strong advocate for women in science. She has been a chief organizer for the Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics (CUWIP) at Cornell as well as a panelist and workshop leader at CUWiPs held at Yale and Harvard. She has received awards for her advocacy including the Constance and Alice Cook Award.

Wayne is currently a National Cancer Institute Cancer Nanotechnology Training Program Postdoctoral Fellow in the Eshelman School of Pharmacy at UNC-Chapel Hill. She was recognized as a 2017 TED Fellow for her cancer nanotechnology research and efforts to amplify voices of women in leadership and higher education through her podcast PhDivas. Wayne has been featured in various publications including Bust Magazine, Cornell Chronicle and the Los Angeles Times.

As a speaker, Wayne works with high schools, colleges and nonprofit organizations across the country to encourage the inclusion of women in science.
More profile about the speaker
Elizabeth Wayne | Speaker | TED.com

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