Atul Gawande: Want to get great at something? Get a coach
Атул Гаванде: Хотите стать профессионалом? Найдите наставника
Surgeon and public health professor by day, writer by night, Atul Gawande explores how doctors can dramatically improve their practice using approaches as simple as a checklist – or coaching. Full bio
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who has been really interested
который хочет знать,
how good you are now,
that really matters.
какими мы становимся.
in the north of India.
an extreme form of this very struggle,
ярчайшего проявления этой борьбы,
in the face of complexity --
сталкиваясь с трудностями,
has a one-in-20 death rate for the babies,
погибает каждый двадцатый новорождённый,
ten times higher than they do elsewhere.
в 10 раз выше, чем где-либо ещё.
человечество успешно борется
in birth for decades,
такой высокой смертности,
that even in this place --
and put on clean gloves,
надевает стерильные медицинские перчатки,
of dilute bleach,
с разведённым отбеливателем,
on the gloves from the last delivery.
предыдущих родов, всё ещё видна.
with difficulty breathing everywhere.
с дыхательными осложнениями.
to stimulate them to breathe.
нужно растереть ребёнка чистым полотенцем.
you give them breaths with the baby mask.
нужна кислородная маска.
mostly from textbooks,
лишь из медицинских учебников,
just how dire the situation is.
ситуация на самом деле.
десяти минут от роду,
his temperature by the minute.
requires a successful team of people.
skilled and coordinated;
квалифицированным и опытным:
in a place like this,
в таких условиях,
for 22 critical drugs and supplies
22 важнейших лекарств
of the whole facility.
experienced professionals.
part of thousands of deliveries.
который принял менее тысячи родов.
that they face,
они постоянно сталкиваются,
that really matters.
на самом деле важно.
get better at what they do?
в своих отраслях?
you learn, you graduate,
of managing their own improvement.
отслеживает свой прогресс.
all professionals have learned by.
профессионалам.
Juilliard violin instructor Dorothy DeLay.
игры на скрипке Дороти Делэй.
of violin virtuosos:
habits of thinking and of learning
свой путь в жизни самостоятельно
in the world without her
comes out of sports.
из спортивной сферы.
тренеры, наставники.
about this as a surgeon.
на примере хирургии.
into my operating room,
в мою операционную,
в наставнике.
as a very American idea.
как истинно американское понятие.
first American-rules football games.
на первых играх по американскому футболу.
деятельности?
violinist of his generation.
своего поколения.
getting to write for "The New Yorker"
работы в The New Yorker —
and they return my phone calls.
а они мне перезванивают.
an almost two-hour conversation
to where he got in his career.
что у него есть сейчас.
"Why don't violinists have coaches?"
«Почему у скрипачей нет тренеров?»
together from Juilliard,
консерваторию Джулиард,
as a concert violinist
и давать советы.
a little bit mechanical.
he became, he said.
важнейшей частью его становления.
in making it on your own.
один, встречаешь ряд преград.
that are standing in your way
know how to fix them.
that somewhere along the way,
what had happened to me as a surgeon.
со мной как хирургом.
improvement in my learning curve.
на моей карьерной лестнице.
from one year to the next.
испытывать трудности.
any better anymore.
as good as I'm going to get?"
«Это всё, на что я способен?».
of mine who had retired,
который в то время уже был на пенсии,
anything much he'd have to say
dense with notes.
своими замечаниями.
had swung out of the wound
свет над раной
from reflected surfaces."
every once in a while.
поднимается локоть.
контролируешь своё тело.
at their sides resting comfortably.
находиться по бокам.
your elbow going in the air,
то только в том случае,
or just move your feet."
или передвигаешься».
fundamentally profound about this.
как настоящий наставник,
your external eyes and ears,
picture of your reality.
точную картину реальности.
build them back up again.
drop down even further.
to have to work on things.
покончить со всем этим.
I would get worse before I got better.
что это не приносит никакой пользы.
profoundly important.
called Ariadne Labs,
оздоровительного центра Ariadne Labs
in the delivery of health care,
связанные с родами,
the World Health Organization
a team needs to go through
которые должен предпринять персонал,
are ready to go home.
могут отправиться домой.
wasn't going to change very much,
ничего бы не изменило,
wasn't necessarily going to be enough
не было бы достаточно,
that you needed to bring it alive.
которые привели бы к результатам.
at a massive scale?"
in 120 birth centers.
in India's largest state.
basically we just observed,
got visits from coaches.
of doctors and nurses like this one
and also the managers
а также управляющих,
build on their strengths
they had to work on with people --
работы с людьми,
fundamentally important --
when the baby mask is broken
если кислородная маска сломана,
including the managers,
включая управляющих,
ended up coaching 400 nurses
обучил 400 акушерок
across 160,000 births.
who did not get coaching --
of 18 basic practices
были выполнены успешно.
over the course of the years of study,
во время этого курса было то, что
got four months of coaching
of the practices being delivered.
успешно проведённых родов.
across a whole range of centers
could be a whole line of way
that could reach out in the world
деятельности, которая обогатит мир,
at the beginning of it, though,
all of the checklist together
все составляющие чек-листа,
reductions in mortality.
понижения уровня смертности.
that were getting there,
learn to execute on the fundamentals.
применить знания на практике.
to the labor and delivery room,
в родильную комнату
how quickly all of this happens
that makes things.
measured her pulse
the heart rate of the baby.
and the fetal Doppler monitor,
доплеровский монитор,
and the nurse knew how to use them.
which is normal.
of the contractions picked up,
that her cervix was fully dilated.
шейка матки полностью раскрыта.
to do her next set of checks.
she worked her way through
she needed at the bedside.
the sterile towel,
стерильное полотенце,
one push and that baby was out.
in that room had changed.
настроение в палате изменилось.
at the community health worker
на работника здравоохранения,
did not seem to be alive.
и не дышала.
with her checkpoints.
when that didn't stimulate that baby,
не сработало,
прочищала дыхательные пути.
because you could count on electricity,
поскольку электричество нестабильно,
that little girl's airways.
дыхательные пути малышки.
of being able to do that
on her mother's chest,
и грелась на груди матери,
to grab that nurse's hand,
because of coaching.
благодаря коучингу.
saved because of it.
a few months later.
через несколько месяцев.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Atul Gawande - Surgeon, writer, public health innovatorSurgeon and public health professor by day, writer by night, Atul Gawande explores how doctors can dramatically improve their practice using approaches as simple as a checklist – or coaching.
Why you should listen
Atul Gawande is author of several best-selling books, including Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science, Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance, Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End and The Checklist Manifesto.
He is also a surgeon at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, a staff writer for The New Yorker and a professor at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health. He has won the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science, a MacArthur Fellowship and two National Magazine Awards. In his work in public health, he is Executive Director of Ariadne Labs, a joint center for health systems innovation and chair of Lifebox, a nonprofit organization making surgery safer globally.
In June 2018, Gawande was chosen to lead the new healthcare company set up by Amazon, JPMorgan and Berkshire Hathaway.
Photo: Aubrey Calo
Atul Gawande | Speaker | TED.com