TEDGlobal 2014
Catherine Crump: The small and surprisingly dangerous detail the police track about you
Catherine Crump: Malý a prekvapivo nebezpečný detail, ktorý o vás vie polícia
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Táto nezáživne znejúca technológia môže znamenať, že polícia vie, kam chodíte, kedy a s kým: Automatická čítačka ŠPZ. Tieto kamerky sú nevinne rozmiestnené po celej Amerike, aby slúžili na chytanie zločincov, ale ako ukazuje právnička a TED Fellow Catherine Crump, tieto agregátne dáta môžu priniesť katastrofálne následky pre každého na svete.
Catherine Crump - Attorney + privacy advocate
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance. Full bio
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The shocking police crackdown
on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri,
on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri,
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Šokujúci policajný zásah v meste Ferguson
proti demonštrantom,
proti demonštrantom,
00:17
in the wake of the police
shooting of Michael Brown,
shooting of Michael Brown,
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búriacim sa po tom, čo
policajt zastrelil Michaela Browna,
policajt zastrelil Michaela Browna,
00:20
underscored the extent to which advanced
military weapons and equipment,
military weapons and equipment,
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ukázal, do akej miery sa
pokročilé armádne zbrane a vybavenie
pokročilé armádne zbrane a vybavenie
00:24
designed for the battlefield,
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určené na bojisko
00:26
are making their way
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dostávajú
00:27
to small-town police departments
across the United States.
across the United States.
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na malomestské policajné oddelenia
po celých Štátoch.
po celých Štátoch.
00:32
Although much tougher to observe,
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Hoci to nie je také nápadné,
00:34
this same thing is happening
with surveillance equipment.
with surveillance equipment.
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to isté platí aj pre sledovaciu techniku.
00:38
NSA-style mass
surveillance is enabling
surveillance is enabling
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Masové sledovanie na štýl NSA umožňuje
00:40
local police departments
to gather vast quantities
to gather vast quantities
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miestnym policajným oddeleniam
zbierať obrovské množstvá
zbierať obrovské množstvá
00:43
of sensitive information
about each and every one of us
about each and every one of us
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citlivých informácií o každom jednom z nás
00:47
in a way that was
never previously possible.
never previously possible.
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úplne novým spôsobom.
00:51
Location information can
be very sensitive.
be very sensitive.
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Lokalizačné informácie
môžu byť veľmi citlivé.
môžu byť veľmi citlivé.
00:54
If you drive your car around
the United States,
the United States,
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Ak jazdíte po USA autom,
00:57
it can reveal if you go
to a therapist,
to a therapist,
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vedia odhaliť, či ste boli u psychológa,
00:59
attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting,
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na stretnutí Anonymných alkoholikov,
01:01
if you go to church
or if you don't go to church.
or if you don't go to church.
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či chodíte do kostola alebo nie.
01:04
And when that
information about you
information about you
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Ak sa tieto informácie o vás
01:06
is combined with the same information
about everyone else,
about everyone else,
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skombinujú s príslušnými informáciami
o všetkých ostatných,
o všetkých ostatných,
01:09
the government can gain
a detailed portrait
a detailed portrait
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vláda získa detailný obrázok
01:12
of how private citizens interact.
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o tom, ako sa občania stretávajú.
01:15
This information used to be private.
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Tieto veci boli vždy súkromné.
01:17
Thanks to modern technology,
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Vďaka modernej technike
01:19
the government knows far too much
about what happens behind closed doors.
about what happens behind closed doors.
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vie vláda skutočne priveľa o tom,
čo sa deje za zavretými dvermi.
čo sa deje za zavretými dvermi.
01:23
And local police departments make
decisions about who they think you are
decisions about who they think you are
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A miestne policajné oddelenia
si robia o vás vlastné závery
si robia o vás vlastné závery
01:27
based on this information.
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na základe týchto informácií.
01:31
One of the key technologies
driving mass location tracking
driving mass location tracking
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Jednou z hlavných technológií
masového stopovania
masového stopovania
01:35
is the innocuous-sounding
Automatic License Plate Reader.
Automatic License Plate Reader.
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je nevinne znejúca
automatická čítačka ŠPZ.
automatická čítačka ŠPZ.
01:38
If you haven't seen one,
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Ak ste ešte žiadnu nevideli,
01:40
it's probably because you didn't
know what to look for --
know what to look for --
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tak najskôr preto, že ste ju nehľadali.
01:43
they're everywhere.
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Sú všade.
01:45
Mounted on roads or
on police cars,
on police cars,
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Pri cestách či na policajných autách
01:48
Automatic License Plate Readers
capture images of every passing car
capture images of every passing car
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automatické čítačky
vyfotia každé prechádzajúce auto
vyfotia každé prechádzajúce auto
01:52
and convert the license plate
into machine-readable text
into machine-readable text
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a uložia ŠPZ v strojovo čitateľnej podobe,
01:56
so that they can be checked
against hot lists
against hot lists
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aby sa dalo skontrolovať,
či nie sú na zozname
či nie sú na zozname
01:59
of cars potentially wanted
for wrongdoing.
for wrongdoing.
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hľadaných áut alebo áut zločincov.
02:02
But more than that, increasingly,
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Ale čoraz častejšie
02:04
local police departments
are keeping records
are keeping records
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vedú policajné oddelenia záznamy
02:07
not just of people wanted for wrongdoing,
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nielen o hľadaných či podozrivých,
02:10
but of every plate that
passes them by,
passes them by,
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ale o každej ŠPZ, ktorá prejde okolo,
02:13
resulting in the collection
of mass quantities of data
of mass quantities of data
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čím vzniká obrovská zbierka dát
02:17
about where Americans have gone.
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o tom, kam Američania chodia.
02:19
Did you know this
was happening?
was happening?
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Vedeli ste o tom?
02:21
When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked
his local police department
his local police department
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Keď si Mike Katz-Lacabe
vyžiadal od polície
vyžiadal od polície
02:25
for information about the plate
reader data they had on him,
reader data they had on him,
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dáta z automatických čítačiek o jeho aute,
02:28
this is what they got:
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dostal toto:
02:30
in addition to the date,
time and location,
time and location,
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spolu s dátumom, časom a miestom
02:33
the police department had
photographs that captured
photographs that captured
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mala polícia fotografie zachytávajúce,
02:36
where he was going and
often who he was with.
often who he was with.
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kam išiel a často aj s kým.
02:39
The second photo from the top
is a picture of Mike and his two daughters
is a picture of Mike and his two daughters
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Na druhej fotke zhora
je Mike so svojimi dvoma dcérami,
je Mike so svojimi dvoma dcérami,
02:43
getting out of their car
in their own driveway.
in their own driveway.
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ako vystupujú z auta
na vlastnej príjazdovej ceste.
na vlastnej príjazdovej ceste.
02:47
The government has
hundreds of photos like this
hundreds of photos like this
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Vláda má stovky týchto fotiek
zachytávajúcich,
zachytávajúcich,
02:50
about Mike going about his daily life.
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ako si Mike žije svoj život.
02:53
And if you drive a car
in the United States,
in the United States,
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A ak žijete v USA a máte auto,
02:55
I would bet money
that they have photographs
that they have photographs
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stavím sa, že majú fotky zachytávajúce,
02:58
like this of you going
about your daily life.
about your daily life.
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ako si svoj život žijete vy.
03:00
Mike hasn't done anything wrong.
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Mike nespravil nič zlé.
03:02
Why is it okay that the government
is keeping all of this information?
is keeping all of this information?
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Ako to, že je v poriadku,
že vláda má všetky tieto informácie?
že vláda má všetky tieto informácie?
03:06
The reason it's happening is because,
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Deje sa to preto,
03:08
as the cost of storing
this data has plummeted,
this data has plummeted,
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že náklady na uchovávanie dát
sú dnes také nízke,
sú dnes také nízke,
03:12
the police departments
simply hang on to it,
simply hang on to it,
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že polícia to proste robí len tak,
03:14
just in case it could be useful someday.
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keby sa to raz hodilo.
03:18
The issue is not just that
one police department
one police department
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Nejde len o to, že policajné oddelenie
03:20
is gathering this information in isolation
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zbiera tieto dáta pre svoje potreby,
03:23
or even that multiple police
departments are doing it.
departments are doing it.
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alebo že viaceré oddelenia dáta zdieľajú.
03:26
At the same time, the federal government
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Federálna vláda
03:28
is collecting all of these
individual pots of data,
individual pots of data,
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zbiera všetky dáta z jednotlivých oddelení
03:32
and pooling them together
into one vast database
into one vast database
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a vytvára obrovskú databázu
03:35
with hundreds of millions of hits,
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so stovkami miliónov informácií
03:37
showing where Americans have traveled.
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o tom, kam cestujú Američania.
03:39
This document from the
Federal Drug Enforcement Administration,
Federal Drug Enforcement Administration,
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Tento dokument Národného úradu
pre kontrolu obchodu s drogami,
pre kontrolu obchodu s drogami,
03:42
which is one of the agencies
primarily interested in this,
primarily interested in this,
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čo je jeden zo zainteresovaných úradov,
03:45
is one of several that reveal
the existence of this database.
the existence of this database.
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je jedným z tých, čo priznávajú
existenciu tejto databázy.
existenciu tejto databázy.
03:50
Meanwhile, in New York City,
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Zatiaľ v New Yorku
03:52
the NYPD has driven police cars
equipped with license plate readers
equipped with license plate readers
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polícia prechádza
autami vybavenými čítačkou
autami vybavenými čítačkou
03:56
past mosques in order to
figure out who is attending.
figure out who is attending.
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okolo mešít, aby zachytila,
kto tam chodieva.
kto tam chodieva.
04:00
The uses and abuses of this technology
aren't limited to the United States.
aren't limited to the United States.
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Využitie a zneužitie tejto technológie
nie sú len doménou USA.
nie sú len doménou USA.
04:04
In the U.K., the police department
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V Británii zaradila polícia
04:07
put 80-year-old John Kat
on a plate reader watch list
on a plate reader watch list
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auto 80-ročného Johna Kata
medzi podozrivé ŠPZ,
medzi podozrivé ŠPZ,
04:11
after he had attended dozens of
lawful political demonstrations
lawful political demonstrations
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lebo sa zúčastnil desiatok
zákonných demonštrácií,
zákonných demonštrácií,
04:16
where he liked to sit on a bench
and sketch the attendees.
and sketch the attendees.
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pričom sa zvykol posadiť na lavičku
a skicovať prítomných.
a skicovať prítomných.
04:20
License plate readers aren't the
only mass location tracking technology
only mass location tracking technology
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Čítačky ŠPZ nie sú jedinou metódou
masového stopovania, ktorá je
masového stopovania, ktorá je
04:24
available to law enforcement agents today.
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orgánom činným v trestnom konaní
k dispozícii.
k dispozícii.
04:26
Through a technique known as
a cell tower dump,
a cell tower dump,
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Pomocou techniky známej ako
záznamy z veží mobilných operátorov
záznamy z veží mobilných operátorov
04:29
law enforcement agents can
uncover who was using
uncover who was using
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vie polícia zistiť, kto bol pripojený
04:32
one or more cell towers
at a particular time,
at a particular time,
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k jednej či viacerým vežiam v danom čase.
04:34
a technique which has been known to reveal
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Vie sa, že takto sa dajú lokalizovať
04:37
the location of tens of thousands
and even hundreds of thousands of people.
and even hundreds of thousands of people.
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desiatky, ba až stovky tisíc ľudí.
04:41
Also, using a device known as a StingRay,
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Pomocou prístroja zvaného StingRay
zas vedia policajti vyslať
do domácností stopovacie signály
do domácností stopovacie signály
04:44
law enforcement agents
can send tracking signals
can send tracking signals
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04:47
inside people's houses
to identify the cell phones located there.
to identify the cell phones located there.
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a identifikovať tak
mobily, ktoré sa tam nachádzajú.
mobily, ktoré sa tam nachádzajú.
04:51
And if they don't know
which house to target,
which house to target,
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A keď si nie sú istí,
do ktorého domu mieriť,
do ktorého domu mieriť,
04:53
they've been known
to drive this technology
to drive this technology
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zistilo sa, že túto metódu aplikujú
04:55
around through whole neighborhoods.
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rovno na celú štvrť.
04:59
Just as the police in Ferguson possess
high-tech military weapons and equipment,
high-tech military weapons and equipment,
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Tak ako fergusonská polícia disponuje
armádnymi high-tech zbraňami a vybavením,
armádnymi high-tech zbraňami a vybavením,
05:04
so too do police departments across
the United States
the United States
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tak disponujú policajné oddelenia
po celých Štátoch
po celých Štátoch
05:07
possess high-tech surveillance gear.
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high-tech sledovacou technikou.
05:09
Just because you don't see it,
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To, že ju nevidíte,
05:11
doesn't mean it's not there.
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neznamená, že tu nie je.
05:13
The question is, what should
we do about this?
we do about this?
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Otázka znie, čo s tým máme robiť?
05:16
I think this poses a serious
civil liberties threat.
civil liberties threat.
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Podľa mňa to predstavuje
vážne ohrozenie občianskych slobôd.
vážne ohrozenie občianskych slobôd.
05:19
History has shown that once the police
have massive quantities of data,
have massive quantities of data,
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História ukázala, že akonáhle
má polícia kvantá dát
má polícia kvantá dát
05:24
tracking the movements of innocent people,
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o pohybe nevinných ľudí,
05:26
it gets abused, maybe for blackmail,
maybe for political advantage,
maybe for political advantage,
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dochádza k zneužívaniu, či už
ide o vyhrážanie alebo politické výhody
ide o vyhrážanie alebo politické výhody
05:30
or maybe for simple voyeurism.
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alebo len obyčajný voyerizmus.
05:32
Fortunately, there are steps we can take.
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Našťastie sú kroky, čo môžeme podniknúť.
05:35
Local police departments can
be governed by the city councils,
be governed by the city councils,
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Policajné oddelenia podliehajú
mestským zastupiteľstvám,
mestským zastupiteľstvám,
05:38
which can pass laws requiring the police
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ktoré môžu polícii nariadiť,
05:41
to dispose of the data
about innocent people
about innocent people
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aby neuchovávala informácie
o bezúhonných občanoch
o bezúhonných občanoch
05:44
while allowing the legitimate
uses of the technology to go forward.
uses of the technology to go forward.
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a tieto techniky používala
len na opodstatnené účely.
len na opodstatnené účely.
05:47
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
05:49
(Applause).
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Crump - Attorney + privacy advocateCatherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance.
Why you should listen
Catherine Crump is a civil liberties lawyer whose work focuses on combating government surveillance and protecting the free speech rights of political protesters. She has filed cases challenging the NSA and the Department of Homeland Security. Crump is an assistant professor at Berkeley Law School; previously she was an attorney for ACLU for nine years.
In her writing for the ACLU, Crump warns against the dangers of national mass surveillance technology, which can all too easily end up as tools for local police forces. She writes, "Not only our country as a whole, but also the police, will be better off in the long run if we have an open debate about what today’s technology can do, versus what it should do."
Catherine Crump | Speaker | TED.com