TEDxKrakow
Tal Golesworthy: How I repaired my own heart
Tal Golesworthy: Kako sem popravil svoje srce
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Tal Golesworthy je inženir za bojlerje -- ve vse o ceveh in cevovodih. Ko je potreboval operacijo, ki bi rešila življenjsko nevaren problem z njegovo aorto, je združil svoje inženirsko znanje in medicinsko znanje svojega zdravnika, da bi zasnoval boljši način za rešitev problema.
Tal Golesworthy - Engineer and artist
Tal Golesworthy is an engineer and entrepreneur, working in research and development of combustion and air pollution control -- until he decided to innovate in his own health. Full bio
Tal Golesworthy is an engineer and entrepreneur, working in research and development of combustion and air pollution control -- until he decided to innovate in his own health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a process engineer.
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Sem procesni inženir.
00:17
I know all about boilers and incinerators
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Vem vse o bojlerjih in sežigalnikih
00:20
and fabric filters and cyclones and things like that,
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in tekstilnih filtrih in ciklonskih motorjih in podobnem,
00:23
but I also have Marfan syndrome.
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imam pa tudi Marfanov sindrom.
00:25
This is an inherited disorder.
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To je prirojena napaka.
00:28
And in 1992
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In leta 1992
00:30
I participated in a genetic study
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sem sodeloval v genetski raziskavi
00:32
and found to my horror, as you can see from the slide,
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ter se zgrozil ob spoznanju, kot lahko razberete z grafa,
00:35
that my ascending aorta was not in the normal range,
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da moja ascendentna aorta ni v normalnem razponu,
00:38
the green line at the bottom.
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kot označuje zeleni pas spodaj.
00:40
Everyone in here will be between 3.2 and 3.6 cm.
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Vsi znotraj tega pasu so med 3,2 in 3,6 cm.
00:43
I was already up at 4.4.
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Jaz pa sem bil že na 4,4 cm.
00:46
And as you can see,
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Kot lahko razberete,
00:48
my aorta dilated progressively,
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se je moja aorta vedno bolj razširjala,
00:50
and I got closer and closer
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in bližal sem se točki,
00:52
to the point where surgery was going to be necessary.
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ko je bila potrebna operacija.
00:55
The surgery on offer was pretty gruesome --
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Ponujena operacija je bila precej grozljiva --
00:58
anesthetize you, open your chest,
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anestezija, odprejo ti prsni koš,
01:01
put you on an artificial heart and lung machine,
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te priključijo na umetno srce in pljuča,
01:04
drop your body temperature to about 18 centigrade,
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znižajo telesno temperaturo na okrog 18 stopinj,
01:07
stop your heart, cut the aorta out,
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ustavijo ti srce, izrežejo aorto,
01:10
replace it with a plastic valve and a plastic aorta,
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jo zamenjajo s plastično zaklopko in plastično aorto,
01:13
and, most importantly,
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in, najbolj pomembno,
01:15
commit you to a lifetime of anticoagulation therapy,
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te obsodijo na doživljenjsko terapjo z antikoagulanti,
01:18
normally warfarin.
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običajno je to warfarin.
01:20
The thought of the surgery was not attractive.
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Misel na operacijo ni bila privlačna.
01:23
The thought of the warfarin
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Misel na warfarin
01:25
was really quite frightening.
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je bila v resnici prav strašljiva.
01:27
So I said to myself, I'm an engineer, I'm in R and D,
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Tako sem si rekel, inženir sem, delam v raziskavah in razvoju,
01:30
this is just a plumbing problem.
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tole je le vodovodarski problem.
01:32
I can do this. I can change this.
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To zmorem. To lahko spremenim.
01:34
So I set out
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Tako sem si zastavil,
01:36
to change the entire treatment
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da spremenim celotno zdravljenje
01:38
for aortic dilation.
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aortne razširitve.
01:41
The project aim is really quite simple.
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Cilj projekta je prav preprost.
01:45
The only real problem with the ascending aorta
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Edini resnični problem z ascendentno aorto
01:48
in people with Marfan syndrome
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pri ljudeh z Marfanovim sindromom je,
01:50
is it lacks some tensile strength.
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da ji manjka natezne trdnosti.
01:52
So the possibility exists
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Torej obstaja možnost,
01:54
to simply externally wrap the pipe.
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da bi preprosto od zunaj ovili cev.
01:58
And it would remain stable and operate quite happily.
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In bi ostala stabilna in delovala prav srečno.
02:01
If your high-pressure hose pipe,
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Če vaša visokotlačna cev
02:03
or your high-pressure hydraulic line, bulges a little,
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ali vaša visokotlačna linija dobi izboklino,
02:06
you just wrap some tape around the outside of it.
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preprosto navijete nekaj traku okoli nje z zunanje strani.
02:08
It really is that simple in concept,
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V zasnovi je to tako preprosto,
02:11
though not in execution.
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ni pa tako v izvedbi.
02:14
The great advantage of an external support for me
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Zame je bila velika prednost zunanje opore v tem,
02:17
was that I could retain all of my own bits,
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da bi lahko obdržal vse svoje delčke,
02:20
all of my own endothelium and valves,
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ves svoj endotelij in vse zaklopke,
02:22
and not need any anticoagulation therapy.
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in da ne bi potreboval terapije s sredstvi proti strjevanju krvi.
02:25
So where do we start?
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Kje torej začeti?
02:27
Well this is a sagittal slice through me.
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Tole je prerez mene skozi sredinsko ravnino.
02:30
You could see in the middle
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Na sredini lahko vidite
02:32
that device, that little structure, squeezing out.
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tisto napravico, majhno strukturo, kako izstiska.
02:35
Now that's a left ventricle
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To je levi srčni prekat,
02:37
pushing blood up through the aortic valve --
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ki potiska kri navzgor skozi aortno zaklopko --
02:39
you can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there --
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tamle lahko vidite, kako delujeta lističa aortne zaklopke --
02:43
up into the ascending aorta.
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navzgor v ascendentno aorto.
02:45
And it's that part, the ascending aorta,
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In to je ta del, ascendentna aorta,
02:47
which dilates and ultimately bursts,
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ki se razširja in končno poči,
02:51
which, of course, is fatal.
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kar je, seveda, smrtno.
02:54
We started by organizing image acquisition
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Začeli smo tako, da smo organizirali zajemanje slik
02:57
from magnetic resonance imaging machines
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z naprav za magnetno resonančno slikanje
03:00
and CT imaging machines
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in z naprav za CT slikanje,
03:02
from which to make a model
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da bi iz njih naredili model
03:05
of the patient's aorta.
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bolnikove aorte.
03:08
This is a model of my aorta.
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Tole je model moje aorte.
03:11
I've got a real one in my pocket,
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V žepu imam resnični model,
03:13
if anyone would like to look at it and play with it.
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če bi ga kdo rad pogledal in se z njim poigral.
03:16
You can see, it's quite a complex structure.
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Kot vidite, je precej kompleksna struktura.
03:18
It has a funny trilobal shape at the bottom,
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Pri dnu ima hecno tristrano obliko,
03:21
which contains the aortic valve.
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ki vsebuje aortno zaklopko.
03:23
It then comes back into a round form
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Potem preide nazaj v okroglo obliko,
03:25
and then tapers and curves off.
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se zoži in se ukrivi dalje.
03:27
So it's quite a difficult structure
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Precej zapletena struktura,
03:29
to produce.
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če jo hočeš izdelati.
03:32
This, like I say, is a CAD model of me,
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To je, kot sem dejal, moj CAD model,
03:34
and this is one of the later CAD models.
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in to je eden kasnejših CAD modelov.
03:36
We went through an iterative process
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Šli smo skozi iterativni postopek
03:38
of producing better and better models.
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izdelovanja boljših in boljših modelov.
03:40
When we produced that model
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Ko smo izdelali ta model,
03:43
we turn it into a solid plastic model,
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smo ga spremenili v otipljiv plastični model,
03:46
as you can see,
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kot vidite,
03:48
using a rapid prototyping technique,
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in sicer z uporabo tehnike za hitro izdelavo prototipov,
03:50
another engineering technique.
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kar je še ena izmed inženirskih tehnik.
03:52
We then use that former
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Ta model kot kalup uporabimo za to,
03:54
to manufacture a perfectly bespoke
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da popolnoma po meri izdelamo
03:56
porous textile mesh,
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porozno tekstilno mrežo,
03:58
which takes the shape of the former
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ki posnema obliko kalupa
04:00
and perfectly fits the aorta.
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in se popolnoma prilega aorti.
04:02
So this is absolutely personalized medicine
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Tole je torej absolutno personalizirana medicina
04:04
at its best really.
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v svoji resnično najboljši izvedbi.
04:06
Every patient we do
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Vsak bolnik, ki ga obravnavamo,
04:08
has an absolutely bespoke implant.
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ima absolutno po meri izdelan vsadek.
04:12
Once you've made it, the installation's quite easy.
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Ko je enkrat izdelan, je namestitev preprosta.
04:15
John Pepper, bless his heart,
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John Pepper, blagoslovljeno bodi njegovo srce,
04:18
professor of cardiothoracic surgery --
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profesor kardiotorakalne kirurgije --
04:20
never done it before in his life --
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še nikoli prej ni tega naredil --
04:22
he put the first one in, didn't like it, took it out, put the second one in.
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je vstavil prvega, nekaj mu ni bilo všeč in ga je vzel ven,
04:24
Happy, away I went.
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in potem vstavil drugega. Odšel sem, srečen.
04:26
Four and a half hours on the table and everything was done.
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Štiri in pol ure na mizi, in je bilo narejeno vse.
04:29
So the surgical implantation actually was the easiest part.
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Kirurška implantacija je bila dejansko lažji del vsega.
04:33
If you compare our new treatment to the existing alternative,
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Če našo obravnavo primerjate z obstoječo alternativo,
04:36
the so-called composite aortic root graft,
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ki je zamenjava aortnega korena z vsadkom iz kompozitnega materiala,
04:39
there are one of two startling comparisons,
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najdete osupljivo razliko ali dve,
04:41
which I'm sure will be clear to all of you.
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za katere verjamem, da vam bodo vsem jasne.
04:44
Two hours to install one of our devices
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Dve uri za vsaditev ene izmed naših naprav
04:46
compared to six hours
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v primerjavi s šestimi urami
04:48
for the existing treatment.
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pri obstoječi obravnavi.
04:50
The existing treatment requires, as I've said,
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Obstoječa obravnava, kot sem že povedal,
04:52
the heart and lung bypass machine
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zahteva napravo za obvod srca in pljuč
04:54
and it requires a total body cooling.
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in zahteva znižanje telesne temperature.
04:56
We don't need any of that; we work on a beating heart.
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Ne potrebujemo ničesar od tega; delamo na utripajočem srcu.
04:59
He opens you up, he accesses the aorta while your heart is beating,
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Kirurg te odpre, doseže aorto medtem ko srce utripa,
05:02
all at the right temperature.
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vse pri pravi temperaturi.
05:04
No breaking into your circulatory system.
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Nobenega vdora v krvni sistem.
05:06
So it really is great.
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Torej je res enkratno.
05:08
But for me, absolutely the best point
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Vendar je zame absolutno najboljše dejstvo to,
05:11
is there is no anticoagulation therapy required.
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da ni treba nobene terapije z antikoagulanti.
05:14
I don't take any drugs at all
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Ne jemljem nobenih substanc za zdravljenje,
05:16
other than recreational ones that I would choose to take.
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razen kakšnih substanc, ki bi jih hotel jemati zaradi užitka.
05:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:20
And in fact, if you speak to people who are on long-term warfarin,
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Dejansko vidite, če govorite z ljudmi, ki dolgoročno jemljejo warfarin,
05:23
it is a serious compromise to your quality of life.
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da je to resna ovira za kvaliteto življenja.
05:26
And even worse,
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Celo huje,
05:28
it inevitably foreshortens your life.
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neizogibno skrajšuje življenje.
05:30
Likewise, if you have the artificial valve option,
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In še, če imate opcijo z umetno zaklopko,
05:33
you're committed to antibiotic therapy
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ste obsojeni na terapijo z antibiotiki
05:35
whenever you have any intrusive medical treatment at all.
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kadarkoli imate kakšen intruzivni medicinski poseg.
05:38
Even trips to the dentist require that you take antibiotics,
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Celo obiski pri zobozdravniku zahtevajo, da jemljete antibiotike,
05:41
in case you get an internal infection on the valve.
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če bi morda dobili notranje okužbe zaklopke.
05:44
Again, I don't have any of that, so I'm entirely free.
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Torej, ničesar od tega nimam, čisto svoboden sem.
05:47
My aorta is fixed, I haven't got to worry about it,
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Moja aorta je popravljena, ni mi treba biti zaskrbljen zaradi nje,
05:50
which is a rebirth for me.
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zame je to preporod.
05:54
Back to the theme of the presentation:
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Nazaj k temi moje predstavitve:
05:56
In multidisciplinary research,
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multidisciplinarne raziskave.
05:58
how on earth does a process engineer used to working with boilers
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Kako neki procesni inženir, ki je vajen delati z bojlerji,
06:01
end up producing a medical device
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na koncu naredi medicinsko napravo,
06:03
which transforms his own life?
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ki spremeni njegovo lastno življenje?
06:05
Well the answer to that is a multidisciplinary team.
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No, odgovor na to je multidisciplinarni tim strokovnjakov.
06:08
This is a list of the core team.
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Tole je seznam nosilceva tima.
06:11
And as you can see,
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Kot lahko vidite,
06:13
there are not only two principal technical disciplines there,
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ne gre za zgolj dve poglavitni tehnični področji,
06:16
medicine and engineering,
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za medicino in strojništvo,
06:18
but also there are various specialists
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ampak gre tudi za različne specialiste
06:20
from within those two disciplines.
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znotraj teh dveh področij.
06:22
John Pepper there
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John Pepper, tamle,
06:24
was the cardiac surgeon who did the actual work on me,
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je bil srčni kirurg, ki je dejansko opravil delo na meni,
06:27
but everyone else there had to contribute one way or another.
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vendar so tudi vsi ostali našteti tamle morali tako ali drugače prispevati.
06:30
Raad Mohiaddin, medical radiologist:
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Raad Mohiaddin, je na primer medicinski radiolog:
06:32
We had to get good quality images
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morali smo priti do slik dobre kvalitete,
06:34
from which to make the CAD model.
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da bi lahko iz njih izdelali model CAD.
06:36
Warren Thornton, who still does all our CAD models for us,
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Warren Thornton, ki še sedaj za nas pripravlja vse modele CAD,
06:39
had to write a bespoke piece of CAD code
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je moral po meri napisati kodo za model CAD,
06:42
to produce this model
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da bi lahko izdelali ta model
06:44
from this really rather difficult input data set.
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iz resnično precej zahtevnih vhodnih podatkov.
06:49
There are some barriers to this though. There are some problems with it.
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Kar nekaj preprek je v zvezi z vsem tem. Kar nekaj problemov,
06:52
Jargon is a big one.
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strokovni žargon že je precejšnji.
06:54
I would think no one in this room understands
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Najbrž nihče v tem prostoru ne razume
06:56
those four first jargon points there.
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prvih štirih točk iz žargona tamle.
06:59
The engineers amongst you
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Tisti, ki ste inženirji,
07:01
will recognize rapid prototyping and CAD.
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boste prepoznali izraza hitra izdelava prototipov in CAD.
07:03
The medics amongst you, if there are any, will recognize the first two.
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Tisti med vami, ki ste s področja zdravstva, če vas je kaj, boste prepoznali prva dva.
07:06
But there will be nobody else in this room
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Ampak v tem prostoru ne bomo našli nikogar,
07:08
that understands all of those four words.
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ki bi razumel vse štiri izraze.
07:10
Taking the jargon out was very important
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Zelo pomembno je bilo odstraniti žargon,
07:12
to ensure that everyone in the team
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če smo hoteli zagotoviti, da bo vsak član skupine
07:14
understood exactly what was meant
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natanko razumel, kaj je bilo mišljeno,
07:16
when a particular phrase was used.
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ko je bil uporabljen določen izraz.
07:18
Our disciplinary conventions were funny as well.
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Različna strokovna področja imajo različne dogovore, kar je bil prav tako hec.
07:21
We took a lot of horizontal slice images through me,
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Posneli smo veliko slik, ki so prikazovale vodoravne prereze skozi mene,
07:24
produced those slices and then used those to build a CAD model.
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te prereze potem sestavili in iz tega potem zgradili model CAD.
07:28
And the very first CAD model we made,
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Čisto prvi zgrajeni model,
07:30
the surgeons were playing with the plastic model,
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iz plastike, so kirurgi obračali v rokah,
07:33
couldn't quite figure it out.
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pa niso mogli ugotoviti, kaj bi to bilo.
07:35
And then we realized that it was actually a mirror image
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Nakar smo ugotovili, da je bil model zrcalna podoba
07:37
of the real aorta.
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dejanske aorte.
07:39
And it was a mirror image
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Zrcalna podoba pa je bil zato,
07:41
because in the real world we always look down on plans,
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ker v resničnem svetu načrte gledamo vedno navzdol,
07:44
plans of houses or streets or maps.
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na primer načrte hiš, ulic ali zemljevide.
07:47
In the medical world they look up at plans.
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V svetu medicine načrte gledajo navzgor.
07:50
So the horizontal images were all an inversion.
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In zato so bili posnetki vodoravnih prerezov vsi inverzni.
07:53
So one needs to be careful with disciplinary conventions.
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Torej je treba paziti na to, kakšne dogovore imajo različna strokovna področja.
07:56
Everyone needs to understand
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Vsak mora razumeti,
07:58
what is assumed and what is not assumed.
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kaj je privzeto, kaj pa ne.
08:01
Institutional barriers
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Pregrade med različnimi ustanovami
08:03
were another serious headache in the project.
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so povzročale še eno vrsto resnih glavobolov v projektu.
08:06
The Brompton Hospital was taken over
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Bolnišnico Brompton je prevzela
08:08
by Imperial College's School of Medicine,
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medicinska šola ustanove Imperial College,
08:10
and there are some seriously bad relationship problems
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in bilo je nekaj hudih problemov v odnosih
08:13
between the two organizations.
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med tema organizacijama.
08:15
I was working with Imperial and the Brompton,
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Delal sem tako z ustanovo Imperial kot z bolnišnico Brompton,
08:17
and this generated some serious problems with the project,
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kar pa je bilo izvor resnih težav v projektu,
08:20
really problems that shouldn't exist.
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težav, ki jih v resnici ne bi smelo biti.
08:23
Research and ethics committee: If you want to do anything new in surgery,
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Komisija za raziskave in etiko: Če hočete v kirurgijo vpeljati nekaj novega,
08:26
you have to get a license from your local research and ethics.
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potrebujete dovoljenje od svoje lokalne komisije.
08:29
I'm sure it's the same in Poland.
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Prepričan sem, da enako velja tudi na Poljskem.
08:31
There will be some form of equivalent,
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Gotovo imajo nekaj podobnega,
08:34
which licenses new types of surgery.
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kar odobri nove načine kirurških posegov.
08:37
We didn't only have the bureaucratic problems associated with that,
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Ne samo, da smo v zvezi s tem imeli birokratske probleme,
08:40
was also had professional jealousies.
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opraviti smo imeli tudi z zavistjo med strokovnjaki.
08:42
There were people on the research and ethics committee
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V komisiji za raziskave in etiko so bile osebe,
08:44
who really didn't want to see John Pepper succeed again,
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ki resnično niso želele videti, kako je John Pepper ponovno uspešen,
08:47
because he's so successful.
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saj je tako zelo uspešen.
08:49
And they made extra problems for us.
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In so nam posebej delali probleme.
08:53
Bureaucratic problems:
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Birokratski problemi:
08:55
Ultimately when you have a new treatment
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Ko končno imaš nov način zdravljenja,
08:58
you have to have a guidance note going out
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moraš imeti objavljeno obvestilo z navodili,
09:00
for all of the hospitals in the country.
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ki ga prejmejo vse bolnišnice v državi.
09:02
In the U.K. we have the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, NICE.
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V Veliki Britaniji imamo v ta namen ustanovo National Institute for Clinical Excellence, kratko NICE.
09:04
You'll have an equivalent in Poland, no doubt.
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Brez dvoma najdete nekaj podobnega na Poljskem.
09:07
We had to get past the NICE problem.
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Morali smo preseči neprijetni problem z NICE.
09:10
We now have a great clinical guidance out on the Net.
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Sedaj imamo na spletu krasna klinična navodila.
09:13
So any of the hospitals interested
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In tako lahko pristopijo vse zainteresirane bolnišnice,
09:15
can come along, read the NICE report
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preberejo poročilo NICE,
09:18
get in touch with us and then get doing it themselves.
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stopijo v stik z nami, in začnejo to izvajati tudi sami.
09:23
Funding barriers:
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Prepreke s financiranjem:
09:25
Another big area to be concerned with.
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Še eno veliko področje, za katero je treba poskrbeti.
09:29
A big problem with understanding one of those perspectives:
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Imeli smo velik problem z razumevanjem enega od naslednjih stališč:
09:32
When we first approached
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ko smo prvič zaprosili
09:34
one of the big U.K. charitable organizations that funds this kind of stuff,
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pri eni od velikih britanskih dobrodelnih organizacij, ki financira take reči,
09:38
what they were looking at was essentially an engineering proposal.
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so oni pravzaprav videli prošnjo s področja tehnike.
09:41
They didn't understand it; they were doctors, they were next to God.
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Enostavno niso razumeli; bili so zdravniki, bili so skoraj bogovi.
09:43
It must be rubbish. They binned it.
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Gotovo je zanič. Vrgli so v smeti.
09:45
So in the end I went to private investors
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Na koncu sem šel do zasebnih vlagateljev,
09:47
and I just gave up on it.
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glede tistega pa vrgel puško v koruzo.
09:49
But most R and D is going to be institutionally funded,
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Ampak večino raziskav in razvoja financirajo ustanove,
09:52
by the Polish Academy of Sciences
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na primer Poljska akademija znanosti
09:54
or the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council or whatever,
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ali Raziskovalni svet za tehnične in fizikalne znanosti ali karkoli že,
09:58
and you need to get past those people.
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in treba je priti okrog teh ljudi.
10:00
Jargon is a huge problem when you're trying to work across disciplines,
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Žargon je hud problem, ko poskušaš delovno povezati različna področja.
10:03
because in an engineering world,
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Razlog je v tem, da na primer v tehniškem svetu
10:05
we all understand CAD and R.P. --
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vsi razumemo CAD in R.P. --
10:07
not in the medical world.
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ne pa v svetu medicine.
10:09
I suppose ultimately the funding bureaucrats have really got to get their act together.
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Najbrž morajo birokrati za financiranje nekoč le spraviti skupaj svoj dokument.
10:12
They've really got to start talking to each other,
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Zares se morajo začeti pogovarjati med sabo
10:14
and they've got to exercise a bit of imagination,
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in morajo pokazati kanček domišljije,
10:17
if that's not too much to ask --
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če jih s tem ne prosimo preveč --
10:20
which it probably is.
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no najbrž jih.
10:23
I've coined a phrase "obstructive conservatism."
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Skoval sem izraz "obstruktivni konzervativizem".
10:26
So many people in the medical world don't want to change,
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Mnogi ljudje v medicini se namreč ne želijo spremeniti,
10:29
particularly not when some jumped-up engineer has come along with the answer.
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še posebej ne, kadar z odgovorom pride mimo kakšen povzpetni inženir.
10:32
They don't want to change.
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Nočejo se spremeniti.
10:34
They simply want to do whatever they've done before.
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Preprosto hočejo početi to, kar so počeli do tedaj.
10:36
And in fact, there are many surgeons in the U.K.
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Dejansko je še zdaj v Veliki Britaniji veliko kirurgov,
10:38
still waiting for one of our patients
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ki še čakajo, da bi kateri od naših bolnikov
10:41
to have some sort of episode,
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imel kakšen zaplet,
10:43
so that they can say, "Ah, I told you that was no good."
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da bi lahko rekli, "Aha, sem rekel, da to ne bo dobro."
10:46
We've actually got 30 patients.
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Dejansko smo imeli 30 bolnikov.
10:48
I'm at seven and a half years.
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Pri meni je minilo sedem let in pol.
10:50
We've got 90 post-op patient years between us,
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Skupaj naberemo bolniki 90 let od operacije,
10:52
and we haven't had a single problem.
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pa nismo imeli niti enega problema.
10:54
And still, there are people in the U.K. saying,
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Pa še vedno v Veliki Britaniji obstajajo ljudje, ki rečejo,
10:56
"Yeah, that external aortic root, yeah, it'll never work, you know."
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"Ja, tale aortni koren z zunanjo oporo, to ne bo nikdar delovalo, veste."
10:59
It really is a problem. It really is a problem.
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Resnično je to problem. Resnično je to problem.
11:01
I'm sure everyone in this room has come across arrogance
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Zagotovo se je že vsak v tem prostoru kdaj srečal z aroganco
11:04
amongst medics, doctors, surgeons at some point.
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zdravstvenih delavcev, zdravnikov ali kirurgov.
11:08
The middle point is simply
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Posredi je preprosto način,
11:10
the way that the doctors protect themselves.
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kako se zdravniki zaščitijo.
11:13
"Yeah, well of course, I'm looking after my patient."
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"Ja, seveda, pazim na svojega bolnika."
11:16
I think it's not good, but there you are, that's my view.
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Mislim, da ni dobro tako, ampak poglejte, to je moje stališče.
11:19
Egos, of course, again, a huge problem
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Ego je seveda spet velikanski problem.
11:21
If you're working in a multidisciplinary team,
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Če delate v multidisciplinarni skupini,
11:23
you've got to give your guys the benefit of the doubt.
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je treba člane jemati malo z rezervo.
11:26
You've got to express support for them.
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Treba jim je izražati podporo.
11:28
Tom Treasure, professor of cardiothoracic surgery:
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Tom Treasure, profesor kardiotorakalne kirurgije na primer
11:31
incredible guy.
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je neverjeten človek.
11:33
Dead easy to give him respect.
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Prav lahko ga je spoštovati.
11:35
Him giving me respect? Slightly different.
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Da bi on spoštoval mene? Malo drugačna zgodba.
11:38
That's all the bad news.
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To je vse, kar se tiče slabih novic.
11:40
The good news is the benefits are stonkingly huge.
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Dobra novica je, da so prednosti groziljansko velike.
11:44
Translate that one. I bet they can't.
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No, pa naj prevedejo to. Stavim, da ne znajo.
11:46
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:48
When you have a group of people
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Ko so na kupu ljudje,
11:50
who have had a different professional training, a different professional experience,
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ki so imeli različno strokovno šolanje in različne strokovne izkušnje,
11:53
they not only have a different knowledge base,
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nimajo le različnih temeljnih znanj,
11:55
but they have a different perspective on everything.
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ampak imajo različne poglede na vse.
11:57
And if you can bring those guys together
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In če jih lahko spravite
11:59
and you can get them talking and understanding each other,
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skupaj in jih pripravite do tega, da med sabo govorijo in se razumejo,
12:02
the results can be spectacular.
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so rezultati lahko spektakularni.
12:05
You can find novel solutions, really novel solutions,
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Lahko odkrijete nove rešitve, resnično nove rešitve,
12:08
that have never been looked at before
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ki jih še nihče ni oplazil s pogledom,
12:10
very, very quickly and easily.
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in to hitro in lahko.
12:12
You can shortcut huge amounts of work
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Lahko skrajšate velikanske količine dela s tem,
12:15
simply by using the extended knowledge base you have.
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da preprosto uporabite razširjeno bazo znanja, ki je pri roki.
12:18
And as a result,
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In kot rezultat
12:20
it's an entirely different use of the technology
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dobite popolnoma drugačno uporabo tehnologije
12:23
and the knowledge around you.
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in znanja okrog vas.
12:26
The result of all this
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Rezultat vsega tega je,
12:28
is that you can get incredibly quick progress
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da lahko dobite neverjetno hiter napredek
12:31
on incredibly small budgets.
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z neverjetno majhnim proračunom.
12:33
I'm so embarrassed at how cheap it was
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Tako nerodno mi je zaradi tega, kako poceni je bilo
12:35
to get from my idea to me being implanted
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priti od moje ideje do tega, da sem dobil vsadek,
12:38
that I'm not prepared to tell you what it cost.
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da vam sploh nisem pripravljen povedati, koliko je stalo.
12:40
Because I suspect there are
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Zato ker sumim,
12:42
absolutely standard surgical treatments
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da obstajajo čisto standardna kirurška zdravljenja,
12:44
probably in the USA
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najbrž v ZDA,
12:46
which cost more
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ki stanejo več
12:48
for a one-off patient
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za povsem serijsko zdravljenje posameznega bolnika
12:51
than the cost of us getting from my dream
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kot pa je stalo nas, da pridemo od mojih sanj
12:54
to my reality.
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do moje resničnosti.
12:56
That's all I want to say, and I've got three minutes left.
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To je vse, kar sem hotel povedati, in tri minute so mi še ostale.
12:59
So Heather's going to like me.
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To pomeni, da bom najbrž všeč Heather.
13:01
If you have any questions, please come up and talk to me later on.
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Če imate še kakšna vprašanja, stopite do mene kasneje in me vprašajte.
13:04
It would be a pleasure to speak with you. Many thanks.
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V veselje mi bo govoriti z vami. Hvala lepa.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tal Golesworthy - Engineer and artistTal Golesworthy is an engineer and entrepreneur, working in research and development of combustion and air pollution control -- until he decided to innovate in his own health.
Why you should listen
Tal Golesworthy is an experienced engineer and entrepreneur who branched out into bio-engineering in response to his own dilated aorta. His company now funds the research and development of devices that will help people with aortic dilation avoid major surgery and lifelong drug therapy.
He also has considerable expertise over a wide range of combustion and process plant including conventional and novel combustion systems, and his background has also included several years as an information scientist, and hot gas cleaning.
Tal Golesworthy | Speaker | TED.com