TED2006
Clifford Stoll: The call to learn
Clifford Stoll o ... vsem
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Clifford Stoll prevzame občinstvo, ko ga polije z divjim, energičnim tušem anekdot, opazovanj -- in celo z znanstvenim poizkusom. Konec koncev je, po njegovi lastni definiciji, znanstvenik: "Ko enkrat nekaj naredim, želim početi nekaj drugega."
Clifford Stoll - Astronomer, educator, skeptic
Astronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles. Full bio
Astronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm delighted to be here.
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Presrečen sem, da sem tu.
00:14
I'm honored by the invitation, and thanks.
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Počaščen sem, da sem bil povabljen, hvala.
00:17
I would love to talk about stuff that I'm interested in,
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Zelo rad bi govoril o stvareh, ki me zanimajo,
00:20
but unfortunately, I suspect that what I'm interested in
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amapak sumim, da stvari, ki me zanimajo,
00:22
won't interest many other people.
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ne zanimajo mnogo drugih.
00:25
First off, my badge says I'm an astronomer.
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Najprej, moja priponka pravi, da sem astronom.
00:27
I would love to talk about my astronomy,
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Zelo rad bi govoril o astronomiji,
00:29
but I suspect that the number of people who are interested in radiative transfer
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ampak predvidevam, da je število ljudi, ki jih zanima sevanje
00:32
in non-gray atmospheres
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v ne-sivih atmosferah
00:34
and polarization of light in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
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in polarizacija svetlobe v Jupitrovi gornji atmosferi
00:36
are the number of people who'd fit in a bus shelter.
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enako številu ljudi, ki jih spraviš pod nadstrešek na postajališču.
00:38
So I'm not going to talk about that.
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Zato ne bom govoril o tem.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:42
It would be just as much fun
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Prav tako bi bilo zabavno
00:44
to talk about some stuff that happened in 1986 and 1987,
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govoriti o nekaterih zadevah, ki so se zgodile leta 1986 in 1987,
00:47
when a computer hacker is breaking into our systems
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ko so računalniški hekerji vlomili v naše sisteme
00:50
over at Lawrence Berkeley Labs.
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v Lawrence Berkeley Laboratoriju.
00:52
And I caught the guys,
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In sem jih ujel
00:54
and they turned out to be working for what was then the Soviet KGB,
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in se je izkazalo da so delali za, kar je bil takrat, sovjetski KGB,
00:58
and stealing information and selling it.
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in kradli informacije in jih prodajali.
01:00
And I'd love to talk about that -- and it'd be fun --
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In zelo rad bi govoril o tem -- in bilo bi zabavno --
01:04
but, 20 years later ...
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ampak, 20 let kasneje …
01:07
I find computer security, frankly, to be kind of boring.
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se mi zdi varnost računalniških sistemov, iskreno povedano, nekako dolgočasna.
01:09
It's tedious.
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Utrujujoča je
01:11
I'm --
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Sem --
01:12
The first time you do something, it's science.
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Prvič ko nekaj narediš, je znanost.
01:16
The second time, it's engineering.
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Drugič je inženirstvo.
01:19
A third time, it's just being a technician.
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Tretjič je samo tehnično delo.
01:22
I'm a scientist. Once I do something, I do something else.
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Jaz sem znanstvenik. Ko neko zadevo enkrat naredim, grem delat nekaj drugega.
01:25
So, I'm not going to talk about that.
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Zato ne bom govoril o tem.
01:27
Nor am I going to talk about what I think are obvious statements from my first book,
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Ne bom govoril niti o tem, kar mislim, da so očitne izjave z moje prve knjige
01:34
"Silicon Snake Oil," or my second book,
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Silicon Snake Oil, ali moje druge knjige,
01:38
nor am I going to talk about
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niti ne bom govoril o tem
01:40
why I believe computers don't belong in schools.
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zakaj mislim, da računalniki ne sodijo v šolo.
01:43
I feel that there's a massive and bizarre idea going around
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Čutim, da je prisotna velika in čudna ideja o tem,
01:47
that we have to bring more computers into schools.
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da bi morali v šole pripeljati več računalnikov.
01:51
My idea is: no! No!
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Moje mnenje je: Ne! Ne!
01:53
Get them out of schools, and keep them out of schools.
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Spravite jih ven iz šol in jih pustite zunaj.
01:57
And I'd love to talk about this,
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In rad bi govoril o tem,
01:59
but I think the argument is so obvious to anyone who's hung around a fourth grade classroom
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ampak mislim da je ta izjava tako očitna komurkoli, ki je bil v razredu četrtošolcev,
02:04
that it doesn't need much talking about --
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da ne potrebuje dodatnega govorjenja --
02:08
but I guess I may be very wrong about that,
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ampak mogoče se zelo motim o tem,
02:10
and everything else that I've said.
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in vsem drugem, kar sem povedal.
02:11
So don't go back and read my dissertation.
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Tako da ne hodite nazaj brat moje dizertacije.
02:13
It probably has lies in it as well.
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Verjetno prav tako vsebuje laži.
02:15
Having said that, I outlined my talk about five minutes ago.
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Ko sem že povedal vse to, svoj govor sem sestavil pred petimi minutami.
02:19
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:22
And if you look at it over here,
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In če pogledate sem,
02:24
the main thing I wrote on my thumb was the future.
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glavna stvar, ki sem jo napisal na moj palec, je prihodnost.
02:27
I'm supposed to talk about the future, yes?
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Govoril naj bi o prihodnosti, kajne?
02:30
Oh, right. And my feeling is, asking me to talk about the future is bizarre,
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Oh, ja. In moj občutek je, prositi mene, da govorim o prihodnosti, je čudno,
02:37
because I've got gray hair,
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ker imam sive lase,
02:39
and so, it's kind of silly for me to talk about the future.
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in je malce nesmiselno, da bi jaz govoril o prihodnosti.
02:45
In fact, I think that if you really want to know what the future's going to be,
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Pravzaprav mislim, da če bi res radi vedeli, kaj bo prinesla prihodnost,
02:49
if you really want to know about the future,
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če bi res radi vedeli o prihodnosti,
02:51
don't ask a technologist, a scientist, a physicist.
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ne sprašujte tehnologa, znanstvenika, fizika.
02:55
No! Don't ask somebody who's writing code.
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Ne! Ne sprašujte nekoga, ki piše računalniško kodo.
03:02
No, if you want to know what society's going to be like in 20 years,
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Ne, če bi radi vedeli kakšna bo družba čez 20 let,
03:07
ask a kindergarten teacher.
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vprašajte vzgojitelje v vrtcu.
03:09
They know.
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Oni vedo.
03:12
In fact, don't ask just any kindergarten teacher,
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Pravzaprav, ne vprašajte kateregakoli vzgojitelja,
03:15
ask an experienced one.
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vprašajte izkušenega.
03:17
They're the ones who know what society is going to be like in another generation.
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Oni so tisti, ki vedo kakšna bo družba naslednje generacije.
03:21
I don't. Nor, I suspect,
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Jaz ne vem. Niti, dvomim,
03:23
do many other people who are talking about what the future will bring.
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da vedo to mnogi drugi, ki govorijo o tem, kaj bo prinesla prihodnost.
03:26
Certainly, all of us can imagine these cool new things
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Vsekakor si lahko vsi predstavljamo te "kul" nove stvari,
03:30
that are going to be there.
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ki še bodo prisotne.
03:31
But to me, things aren't the future.
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Ampak zame stvari niso prihodnost.
03:35
What I ask myself is, what's society is going to be like,
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Sprašujem se, kakšna bo družba v prihodnosti,
03:38
when the kids today are phenomenally good at text messaging
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ko so otroci danes fenomenalni v pisanju SMS-ov
03:44
and spend a huge amount of on-screen time,
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in porabijo ogromno časa pred ekrani,
03:47
but have never gone bowling together?
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medtem ko skoraj nikoli ne gredo skupaj na bowling.
03:53
Change is happening, and the change that is happening
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Prihaja sprememba,
03:56
is not one that is in software.
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a ne tista v programski opremi.
03:59
But that's not what I'm going to talk about.
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Ampak ne bom govoril o tem.
04:00
I'd love to talk about it, it'd be fun,
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Zelo bi rad govoril o tem, bilo bi zabavno,
04:03
but I want to talk about what I'm doing now. What am I doing now?
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ampak govoril bom o tem, kar delam sedaj. Kaj delam sedaj?
04:06
Oh -- the other thing that I think I'd like to talk about
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Oh – druga stvar o kateri mislim, da bi rad govoril,
04:08
is right over here. Right over here.
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je tule. Prav tule.
04:12
Is that visible? What I'd like to talk about is one-sided things.
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Se vidi? To, o čemer bi rad govoril, so enostranske stvari.
04:18
I would dearly love to talk about
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Zelo rad bi govoril o stvareh,
04:20
things that have one side.
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ki imajo samo eno stran.
04:23
Because I love Mobius loops. I not only love Mobius loops,
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Ker obožujem mobiusove trakove. Ne samo da obožujem mobiusove trakove,
04:27
but I'm one of the very few people,
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ampak sem tudi eden redkih ljudi na svetu,
04:30
if not the only person in the world, that makes Klein bottles.
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če ne edini na svetu, ki izdeluje kleinove steklenice.
04:33
Right away, I hope that all of your eyes glaze over.
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Upam, da vsi pogledate sem.
04:36
This is a Klein bottle.
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To je kleinova steklenica.
04:39
For those of you in the audience who know,
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Za tiste v občinstvu, ki jih poznate,
04:42
you roll your eyes and say, yup, I know all about it.
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zavijte z očmi in si recite, ja. Vem vse o tem.
04:44
It's one sided. It's a bottle whose inside is its outside.
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So enostranske. So steklenice, katerih notranjost je tudi zuananjost.
04:46
It has zero volume. And it's non-orientable.
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Ima nično prostornino. In ne da se jih orientirati.
04:49
It has wonderful properties.
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Ima čudovite lastnosti.
04:51
If you take two Mobius loops and sew their common edge together,
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Če vzameš dva mobiousova trakova in skupaj sešiješ njuna robova,
04:53
you get one of these, and I make them out of glass.
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dobiš eno tako, in jaz jih izdelujem iz stekla.
04:56
And I'd love to talk to you about this,
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In zelo rad bi govoril o tem,
04:58
but I don't have much in the way of ... things to say because --
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ampak nimam več na način … povedati, ker --
05:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:06
(Chris Anderson: I've got a cold.)
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(Chris Anderson: Prehlajen sem.)
05:07
However, the "D" in TED of course stands for design.
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Kakorkoli že, "D" v "TED" seveda pomeni dizajn.
05:14
Just two weeks ago I made --
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Samo dva tedna nazaj sem naredil --
05:16
you know, I've been making small, medium and big Klein bottles for the trade.
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veste, izdeloval sem majhne, srednje in velike kleinove steklenice za prodajo.
05:22
But what I've just made --
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Ampak, kar sem ravnokar naredil --
05:26
and I'm delighted to show you, first time in public here.
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in sem presrečen, da vam lahko pokažem, prvič v javnosti.
05:35
This is a Klein bottle wine bottle,
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To je kleinova steklenica, vinska steklenica,
05:40
which, although in four dimensions
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ki jo, kljub temu, da v v štirih dimenzijah
05:43
it shouldn't be able to hold any fluid at all,
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ne bi mogla biti napolnjena s tekočino,
05:46
it's perfectly capable of doing so
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popolnoma lahko napolnemo,
05:48
because our universe has only three spatial dimensions.
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ker ima naše vesolje zgolj tri prostorske dimenzije.
05:50
And because our universe is only three spatial dimensions,
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In ker ima naše vesolje le tri prostorske dimenzije,
05:53
it can hold fluids.
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jo lahko napolnemo s tekočino.
05:56
So it's highly -- that one's the cool one.
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Torej je najbolj – to je tista, ki je "kul".
06:01
That was a month of my life.
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To je bil mesec mojega življenja.
06:06
But although I would love to talk about topology with you, I'm not going to.
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Ampak kljub temu, da bi zelo rad govoril z vami o topologiji, ne bom.
06:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:17
Instead, I'm going to mention my mom,
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Namesto tega bom omenil svojo mamo,
06:22
who passed away last summer.
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ki je umrla prejšnje poletje.
06:25
Had collected photographs of me, as mothers will do.
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Zbirala je moje slike, kot mame počno.
06:28
Could somebody put this guy up?
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Lahko prosim pokažete tole?
06:30
And I looked over her album
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In sem šel čez njen album
06:34
and she had collected a picture of me, standing --
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in je imela sliko mene, ko stojim --
06:37
well, sitting -- in 1969, in front of a bunch of dials.
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no, ko sedim, leta 1969, pred kupom tipk.
06:42
And I looked at it, and said, oh my god,
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In sem jo pogledal in si rekel, o moj bog,
06:45
that was me, when I was working at the electronic music studio!
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to sem jaz, ko sem še delal za elektronski glasbeni studio!
06:47
As a technician, repairing and maintaining
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Kot tehnik sem popravljal in vzdrževal
06:51
the electronic music studio at SUNY Buffalo. And wow!
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elektronski glasbeni studio pri SUNY Buffalo. In Uau!
06:55
Way back machine. And I said to myself, oh yeah!
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Časovni stroj. In sem si rekel, ah ja!
07:01
And it sent me back.
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In me je poslal nazaj.
07:05
Soon after that, I found in another picture that she had, a picture of me.
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Kmalu po tem sem našel še eno sliko, na kateri sem bil.
07:13
This guy over here of course is me.
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Ta fant tule sem seveda jaz.
07:17
This man is Robert Moog,
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Ta gospod je Robert Moog,
07:19
the inventor of the Moog synthesizer,
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izumitelj moogovih električnih klaviatur,
07:21
who passed away this past August.
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ki je umrl prejšnjega avgusta.
07:26
Robert Moog was a generous, kind person, extraordinarily competent engineer.
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Robert Moog je bil radodarna prijazna oseba, izjemno sposoben inženir.
07:31
A musician who took time from his life to teach me,
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Glasbenik, ki si je vzel čas, da je učil mene,
07:37
a sophomore, a freshman at SUNY Buffalo.
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učenca, srednješolca na SUNY Buffalo.
07:40
He'd come up from Trumansburg to teach me
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Prišel je iz Trumansburga,
07:45
not just about the Moog synthesizer, but we'd be sitting there --
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ne samo, da bi me učil o moogovih klaviaturah, ampak tudi samo sedela sva tam --
07:49
I'm studying physics at the time. This is 1969, 70, 71.
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v tistem času sem študiral fiziko. To je 1969, 70, 71.
07:52
We're studying physics, I'm studying physics,
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Študiramo fiziko, jaz študiram,
07:54
and he's saying, "That's a good thing to do.
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in on pravi, "To je prava stvar.
07:56
Don't get caught up in electronic music if you're doing physics."
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Naj te elektronska glasba ne zasvoji, če študiraš fiziko."
07:58
Mentoring me. He'd come up and
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Bil je moj mentor. Prišel je
08:01
spend hours and hours with me.
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in preživel ure z mano.
08:05
He wrote a letter of recommendation for me to get into graduate school.
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Napisal mi je priporočilo, da sem šel študirat.
08:08
In the background, my bicycle.
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V ozadju je moje kolo.
08:10
I realize that this picture was taken at a friend's living room.
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Fotografija je bila posneta v prijateljevi dnevni sobi.
08:13
Bob Moog came by and hauled a whole pile of equipment
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Bob Moog je prišel mimo in privlekel goro opreme,
08:16
to show Greg Flint and I things about this.
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da bi jo pokazal Gregu Flintu in meni.
08:18
We sat around talking about Fourier transforms,
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Sedeli smo in govorili o fourierjevih transformacijah,
08:20
Bessel functions, modulation transfer functions,
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besslovih funkcijah, modulacijskih prenosnih funkcijah
08:23
stuff like this.
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in podobnih zadevah.
08:28
Bob's passing this past summer has been a loss to all of us.
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Bobova smrt je bila velika izguba za vse nas.
08:31
Anyone who's a musician has been profoundly influenced by Robert Moog.
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Robert Moog je globoko vplival na vsakega glasbenika.
08:36
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
08:38
And I'll just say what I'm about to do. What I'm about to do --
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In samo povedal bom, kaj bom naredil. Kar bom naredil --
08:43
I hope you can recognize that there's a distorted sine wave,
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upam da prepoznate pokvečen sinusni val,
08:47
almost a triangular wave upon this Hewlett-Packard oscilloscope.
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skoraj trikotni val na tem Hewlett-Packard osciloskopu.
08:53
Oh, cool. I can get to this place over here, right?
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Oh, super. Lahko grem na to, ja?
08:58
Kids. Kids is what I'm going to talk about -- is that okay?
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Otroci. Govoril bom o otrocih -- je to v redu?
09:00
It says kids over here, that's what I'd like to talk about.
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Tu piše otroci, o tem bi rad govoril.
09:04
I've decided that, for me at least,
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Odločil sem se, da vsaj jaz
09:08
I don't have a big enough head.
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nimam dovolj velike glave.
09:13
So I think locally and I act locally.
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Tako razmišljam lokalno in delujem lokalno.
09:16
I feel that the best way I can help out anything is to help out very, very locally.
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Ugotovil sem, da je najboljši način, da kakorkoli pomagam, tako da pomagam zelo, zelo lokalno.
09:20
So Ph.D. this, and degree there, and the yadda yadda.
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Torej doktorat, diploma gor ali dol, in ves ta bla bla bla.
09:25
I was talking about this stuff to
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O tem sem govoril
09:29
some schoolteachers about a year ago.
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nekaterim učiteljem kako leto nazaj.
09:31
And one of them, several of them would come up to me and say,
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In eden od njih, več njih je prišlo do mene in me vprašalo,
09:33
"Well, how come you ain't teaching?"
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"Torej, kako, da ne poučuješ?"
09:35
And I said, "Well, I've taught graduate --
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In sem rekel, "No, saj sem učil podiplomske študente.
09:36
I've had graduate students, I've taught undergraduate classes."
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Učil sem študente."
09:39
No, they said, "If you're so into kids and all this stuff,
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Ne, so rekli, "če so ti otroci tako pomembni,
09:41
how come you ain't over here on the front lines?
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kako da nisi v prvih bojnih vrstah?
09:44
Put your money where you mouth is."
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Počni to, kar predavaš."
09:48
Is true. Is true. I teach eighth-grade science four days a week.
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Res je. Res je. Sedaj učim osmošolce znanost štiri dni na teden.
09:54
Not just showing up every now and then.
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Ne samo, da se prikažem sem in tja.
09:56
No, no, no, no, no. I take attendance.
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Ne, ne, ne, ne, ne. Vsezkozi sem tam.
10:00
I take lunch hour. (Applause)
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S kosilom in vsem. (Aplavz)
10:03
This is not -- no, no, no, this is not claps.
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To ni -- ne, ne, ne, ne, to ni za ploskati.
10:06
I strongly suggest that this is a good thing for each of you to do.
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Močno svetujem, da je to dobro za vsakega med vami.
10:10
Not just show up to class every now and then.
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Ne samo da se prikažete vsake toliko.
10:12
Teach a solid week. Okay, I'm teaching three-quarters time, but good enough.
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Učite celotni teden. No ja, jaz učim tri četrtinsko, ampak to je dovolj dobro.
10:16
One of the things that I've done for my science students
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Ena stvar, ki sem jo povedal svojim učencem, je :
10:18
is to tell them, "Look, I'm going to teach you college-level physics.
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"Učil vas bom fiziko univerzitetnega nivoja.
10:21
No calculus, I'll cut out that.
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Brez integriranja in odvajanja.
10:23
You won't need to know trig.
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Ne bo vam treba poznati trigonometrije.
10:25
But you will need to know eighth-grade algebra,
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Morali pa boste znati algebro za osmošolce
10:28
and we're going to do serious experiments.
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in izvajali bomo resne eksperimente.
10:30
None of this open-to-chapter-seven-and-do-all-the-odd-problem-sets.
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Nič od tega "Odprite-knjige-na-strani-sedem-in-rešite-vsako-drugo-nalogo."
10:33
We're going to be doing genuine physics."
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Učili se bomo pravo fiziko."
10:36
And that's one of the things I thought I'd do right now.
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In to je ena stvari, ki bi jih počel sedaj.
10:38
(High-pitched tone)
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(Visok ton)
10:41
Oh, before I even turn that on,
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Oh, še predno to prižgem,
10:43
one of the things that we did about three weeks ago in my class --
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ena stvari, ki smo jo naredili pred nekje tremi tedni v mojem razredu --
10:47
this is through the lens, and one of the things we used a lens for
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to je skozi lečo, in ena izmed stvari, za katero smo uporabili lečo,
10:49
was to measure the speed of light.
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je bila meritev hitrosti svetlobe.
10:51
My students in El Cerrito -- with my help, of course,
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Moji učenci v El Cerritu -- z mojo pomočjo, seveda,
10:54
and with the help of a very beat up oscilloscope --
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in s pomočjo močno rabljenega osciloskopa,
10:57
measured the speed of light.
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so izmerili hitrost svetlobe.
10:58
We were off by 25 percent. How many eighth graders do you know of
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Zgrešili smo za 25 odstotkov. Koliko osemšolcev poznate,
11:03
who have measured the speed of light?
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ki so izmerili hitrost svetlobe?
11:05
In addition to that, we've measured the speed of sound.
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Poleg tega, smo izmerili hitrost zvoka.
11:08
I'd love to measure the speed of light here.
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Zelo rad bi tu izmeril hitrost svetlobe.
11:10
I was all set to do it and I was thinking, "Aw man,"
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Bil sem pripravljen to narediti, in sem si misli, "Ejga,"
11:12
I was just going to impose upon the powers that be,
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sklical bom sile sveta
11:15
and measure the speed of light.
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in izmeril hitrost svetlobe.
11:16
And I'm all set to do it. I'm all set to do it,
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In sem bil pripravljen. Sem pripravljen,
11:20
but then it turns out that to set up here, you have like 10 minutes to set up!
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potem pa se izkaže, da imamo tu samo 10 minut, da pripravimo zadeve!
11:24
And there's no time to do it.
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In torej ni časa, da to izpeljemo.
11:26
So, next time, maybe, I'll measure the speed of light!
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Tako da naslednjič, mogoče, bom izmeril hitrost svetlobe!
11:28
But meanwhile, let's measure the speed of sound!
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Medtem pa, izmerimo hitrost zvoka!
11:30
Well, the obvious way to measure the speed of sound
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Očitni način za meritev hitrosti zvoka
11:32
is to bounce sound off something and look at the echo.
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je, da ga odbijemo od nečesa in opazujemo odmev.
11:35
But, probably -- one of my students, Ariel [unclear], said,
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Ampak, verjetno -- eden mojih učencev, Ariel, je rekel,
11:40
"Could we measure the speed of light using the wave equation?"
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"Bi lahko izmerili hitrost svetlobe preko valovne enačbe?"
11:43
And all of you know the wave equation is
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In vsi veste, da je valovna enačba:
11:45
the frequency times the wavelength of any wave ...
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frekvenca krat valovna dolžina kateregakoli valovanja ...
11:51
is a constant. When the frequency goes up,
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je konstantna. Ko se frekvenca zviša,
11:54
the wavelength comes down. Wavelength goes up,
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se valovna dolžina skrajša. Ko se valovna dolžina podaljša,
11:57
frequency goes down. So, if we have a wave here --
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se frekveca zniža. Če imamo tu torej valovanje --
12:02
over here, that's what's interesting --
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tukaj, to je tisto zanimivo --
12:06
as the pitch goes up, things get closer,
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če se zvok viša, gredo stvari skupaj,
12:09
pitch goes down, things stretch out.
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če se zvok zniža, se stvari raztegnejo.
12:13
Right? This is simple physics.
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Ja? To je preprosta fizika.
12:15
All of you know this from eighth grade, remember?
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Vsi to poznate še z osmega razreda, se spomnite?
12:18
What they didn't tell you in physics -- in eighth-grade physics --
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Kar vam niso povedali pri fiziki -- v osmem razredu --
12:22
but they should have, and I wish they had,
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pa bi vam morali -- in želim si, da bi --
12:25
was that if you multiply the frequency times the wavelength of sound
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je to, da če zmnožite frekvenco in valovno dolžino zvoka
12:29
or light, you get a constant.
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ali svetlobe, dobite konstanto.
12:33
And that constant is the speed of sound.
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In ta konstanta je hitrost zvoka.
12:36
So, in order to measure the speed of sound,
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Da bi torej izmerili hitrost zvoka,
12:39
all I've got to do is know its frequency. Well, that's easy.
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je vse, kar rabimo vedeti, njegova frekvenca. No, to je preprosto.
12:43
I've got a frequency counter right here.
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Tu imam merilec frekvence.
12:45
Set it up to around A, above A, above A. There's an A, more or less.
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Nastavljen je nekje na A nad A nad A. To je A, več ali manj.
12:50
Now, so I know the frequency.
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Sedaj vemo njegovo frekvenco.
12:55
It's 1.76 kilohertz. I measure its wavelength.
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Je 1.76 kHz. Zmeril bom njegovo valovno dolžino.
13:00
All I need now is to flip on another beam,
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Vse kar sedaj potrebujem, je, da priključim še en žarek.
13:03
and the bottom beam is me talking, right?
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in spodnji žarek je moje govorjenje, ne?
13:06
So anytime I talk, you'd see it on the screen.
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Torej kadarkoli govorim, to vidimo na zaslonu.
13:11
I'll put it over here, and as I move this away from the source,
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To bom postavil sem, in ko se oddaljujem od vira,
13:15
you'll notice the spiral.
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boste opazili spiralo.
13:20
The slinky moves. We're going through different nodes of the wave,
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Drseče gibanje. Prehajamo med različnimi stopnjami valovanja,
13:25
coming out this way.
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ki prihaja od tu.
13:27
Those of you who are physicists, I hear you rolling your eyes,
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Tisti, ki ste fiziki, slišim vaše zavijanje z očmi,
13:29
but bear with me. (Laughter)
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ampak potrpite. (Smeh)
13:31
To measure the wavelength,
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Da bi izmerili valovno dolžino,
13:34
all I need to do is measure the distance from here --
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je vse, kar rabimo, izmeriti razdaljo od tu,
13:40
one full wave -- over to here.
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en cel val, do sem.
13:42
From here to here is the wavelength of sound.
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Od tu do tu je valovna dolžina zvoka.
13:45
So, I'll put a measuring tape here, measuring tape here, move it back over to here.
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Tu bom postavil merilo, ga pomaknil do sem.
13:53
I've moved the microphone 20 centimeters.
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Mikrofon sem premaknil za 20 centimetrov.
13:57
0.2 meters from here, back to here, 20 centimeters.
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0.2 metra od tu do sem, 20 centimetrov.
14:04
OK, let's go back to Mr. Elmo.
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OK, vrnimo se nazaj h gospodu Elmu.
14:10
And we'll say the frequency is 1.76 kilohertz, or 1760.
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In rečemo frekvenca je 1.76 kHz, ali 1760.
14:17
The wavelength was 0.2 meters.
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Valovna dolžina je 0.2 metra.
14:21
Let's figure out what this is.
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Poglejmo, koliko je to.
14:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh)(Aplavz)
14:33
1.76 times 0.2 over here is 352 meters per second.
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1.76 krat 0.2 tule, je 352 metrov na sekundo.
14:40
If you look it up in the book, it's really 343.
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Če preverite to v knjigi, boste videli, da je prava rešitev 343.
14:46
But, here with kludgy material, and lousy drink --
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Ampak tu z neprimernim materialom in zanič pijačo --
14:48
we've been able to measure the speed of sound to --
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smo bili zmožni izmeriti hitrost zvoka na --
14:53
not bad. Pretty good.
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Ne slabo. Precej dobro.
14:55
All of which comes to what I wanted to say.
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Kar vse skupaj privede do tega, kar sem hotel povedati.
15:00
Go back to this picture of me a million years ago.
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Pojdite nazaj na to mojo sliko milijon let nazaj.
15:05
It was 1971, the Vietnam War was going on,
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Bilo je 1971, sredi vietnamske vojne.
15:10
and I'm like, "Oh my God!"
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In jaz, "O moj Bog!"
15:13
I'm studying physics: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick and Halliday.
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Študiram fiziko: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick in Halliday.
15:16
I'm going home for a midterm. A riot's going on on campus.
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Vračam se domov med počitnicami. V študentskem naselju pa protesti.
15:18
There's a riot! Hey, Elmo's done: off.
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Protesti so! Hej, Elmo je končal. Ugasni se.
15:27
There's a riot going on on campus,
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V študentskem naselju so protesti.
15:29
and the police are chasing me, right?
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In policija me lovi, ne?
15:32
I'm walking across campus. Cop comes and looks at me and says,
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Hodim skozi študentsko naselje. Policaj pride in me pogleda in reče,
15:35
"You! You're a student."
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"Ti! Ti si študent."
15:37
Pulls out a gun. Goes boom!
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Izvleče puško. Bum!
15:39
And a tear gas canister the size of a Pepsi can goes by my head. Whoosh!
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Solzilec v velikosti pepsi pločevinke prileti mimo moje glave. Vuššš!
15:43
I get a breath of tear gas and I can't breathe.
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Vdihnem polna pljuča solzilca in ne morem dihati.
15:46
This cop comes after me with a rifle.
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Policaj pride za mano s puško.
15:48
He wants to clunk me over the head!
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Hoče me udariti po betici!
15:50
I'm saying, "I got to clear out of here!"
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Pravim si, "Pobegniti moram!"
15:53
I go running across campus quick as I can. I duck into Hayes Hall.
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Začnem teči čez kampus, kakor hitro lahko. Zatečem se v Hayes Hall.
15:59
It's one of these bell-tower buildings.
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To je ena od stavb z zvonikom.
16:01
The cop's chasing me.
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Policaj me zasleduje.
16:03
Chasing me up the first floor, second floor, third floor.
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Sledi mi v prvo nadstropje, drugo, tretje.
16:05
Chases me into this room.
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Prežene me v to sobo.
16:06
The entranceway to the bell tower.
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Vhod v zvonik.
16:08
I slam the door behind me, climb up,
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Zaloputnem vrata za sabo in splezam gor,
16:10
go past this place where I see a pendulum ticking.
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grem mimo prostora, kjer niha nihalo.
16:12
And I'm thinking, "Oh yeah,
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In si mislim, oh ja,
16:14
the square root of the length is proportional to its period." (Laughter)
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kvadratni koren dolžine nihala je sorazmeren nihajnem času. (Smeh)
16:17
I keep climbing up, go back.
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Še vedno plezam, grem nazaj.
16:19
I go to a place where a dowel splits off.
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Grem v prostor, kjer se os razcepi.
16:21
There's a clock, clock, clock, clock.
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Tu je ura, ura, ura, ura.
16:22
The time's going backwards because I'm inside of it.
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Čas gre nazaj, ker sem znotraj ure.
16:24
I'm thinking of Lorenz contractions and Einsteinian relativity.
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Pomislim na Lorenzove transformacije in Einsteinovo relativnost.
16:28
I climb up, and there's this place, way in the back,
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Splezam gor, in tu je ta prostor, čisto zadaj,
16:31
that you climb up this wooden ladder.
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do katerega splezaš po tej leseni lestvi.
16:33
I pop up the top, and there's a cupola.
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Odprem vrhnji pokrov in tu je kupola.
16:35
A dome, one of these ten-foot domes.
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Kupola, ena od teh trimetrskih kupol.
16:37
I'm looking out and I'm seeing the cops bashing students' heads,
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Gledam ven in vidim policaje, kako razbijajo glave študentov.
16:40
shooting tear gas, and watching students throwing bricks.
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Izstreljujejo solzivec in gledajo študente, kako mečejo opeke.
16:42
And I'm asking, "What am I doing here? Why am I here?"
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Sprašujem se, kaj počnem tu? Zakaj sem tu?
16:45
Then I remember what my English teacher in high school said.
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Potem se spomnim, kaj mi je učitelj angleščine povedal v srednji šoli.
16:48
Namely, that when they cast bells,
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Ko obesijo zvonove,
16:52
they write inscriptions on them.
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nanje zapišejo posvetila.
16:55
So, I wipe the pigeon manure off one of the bells, and I look at it.
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Z enega od zvonov tako pobrišem golobje izločke in si ga ogledam.
16:59
I'm asking myself, "Why am I here?"
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Sprašujem se, zakaj sem tu?
17:02
So, at this time, I'd like to tell you the words inscribed
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Ob tej priložnosti bi vam rad povedal zapisane besede
17:06
upon the Hayes Hall tower bells:
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na zvonu Hayes Hall zvonika:
17:10
"All truth is one.
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"Vsa resnica je eno.
17:15
In this light, may science and religion endeavor here
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V tej luči, naj se znanost in vera tu prizadevata
17:21
for the steady evolution of mankind, from darkness to light,
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za postopno evolucijo človeštva, iz teme proti svetlobi,
17:25
from narrowness to broad-mindedness, from prejudice to tolerance.
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iz ozkoglednosti do širokoglednosti, iz predsodkov do strpnosti.
17:33
It is the voice of life, which calls us to come and learn."
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Zvok življenja je tisti, ki nas kliče, da pridemo sem in se učimo."
17:41
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Clifford Stoll - Astronomer, educator, skepticAstronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles.
Why you should listen
When Clifford Stoll speaks, you can't help but listen. Full of restless energy, he jumps from one topic to the next, darting back and forth across the stage. You may not be sure where he's going, but the ride is always part of the adventure.
An astronomer (though his astronomy career took a turn when he noticed a bookkeeping error that ultimately led him to track down a notorious hacker), researcher and internationally recognized computer security expert -- who happens to be a vocal critic of technology -- Stoll makes a sharp, witty case for keeping computers out of the classroom. Currently teaching college-level physics to eighth graders at a local school, he stays busy in his spare time building Klein bottles.
Clifford Stoll | Speaker | TED.com