TEDxThessaloniki
Paul Lewis: How mobile phones helped solve two murders
Paul Lewis: Crowdsourcing the news
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When every cellphone can record video and take pictures, everyone is a potential news source. Reporter Paul Lewis tells two stories that show us the future of investigative journalism.
(Filmed at TEDxThessaloniki.)
Paul Lewis - Journalist
Reporter Paul Lewis harnesses the power of mobile phones and social media -- innovations that are making every person a potential journalist. Full bio
Reporter Paul Lewis harnesses the power of mobile phones and social media -- innovations that are making every person a potential journalist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm here to talk to you about
a new way of doing journalism.
a new way of doing journalism.
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Ovde sam da vam pričam o novom načinu
bavljenja novinarstvom.
bavljenja novinarstvom.
00:21
Some people call this
"citizen journalism,"
"citizen journalism,"
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Neki ga zovu „građansko novinarstvo“,
00:23
other people call it
"collaborative journalism."
"collaborative journalism."
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drugi „saradničko novinarstvo“.
00:26
But really, it kind of means this:
for the journalists, people like me,
for the journalists, people like me,
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Ali zapravo znači ovo:
za novinare kao što sam ja,
za novinare kao što sam ja,
00:31
it means accepting
that you can't know everything,
that you can't know everything,
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to je prihvatanje činjenice
da je nemoguće znati sve,
da je nemoguće znati sve,
00:34
and allowing other people,
through technology,
through technology,
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i omogućavanje drugima da,
uz pomoć tehnologije,
uz pomoć tehnologije,
00:37
to be your eyes and your ears.
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budu vaše oči i uši.
00:39
And for people like you,
for other members of the public,
for other members of the public,
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A za ljude kao što ste vi,
za druge članove javnosti,
za druge članove javnosti,
00:43
it can mean not just being
the passive consumers of news,
the passive consumers of news,
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to može značiti da niste samo
pasivni korisnici vesti,
pasivni korisnici vesti,
00:46
but also coproducing news.
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već da ih i stvarate.
00:49
And I believe this can be
a really empowering process.
a really empowering process.
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Verujem da ovo može biti
vrlo stimulišući proces.
vrlo stimulišući proces.
Može omogućiti običnim ljudima da pozovu
moćne organizacije na odgovornost.
moćne organizacije na odgovornost.
00:52
It can enable ordinary people
to hold powerful organizations to account.
to hold powerful organizations to account.
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Objasniću vam ovo danas
na primeru dva slučaja,
na primeru dva slučaja,
00:58
So I'm going to explain this
to you today with two cases,
to you today with two cases,
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01:01
two stories that I've investigated.
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dve priče koje sam istraživao.
A obe uključuju kontroverzne smrti.
01:03
And they both involve
controversial deaths.
controversial deaths.
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01:07
And in both cases, the authorities
put out an official version of events,
put out an official version of events,
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U oba slučaja, vlasti su objavile
zvaničnu verziju događaja,
zvaničnu verziju događaja,
01:12
which was somewhat misleading.
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koja je bila pomalo obmanjujuća.
Mi smo ispričali drugu verziju
koristeći novu tehnologiju,
koristeći novu tehnologiju,
01:14
We were able to tell an alternative truth
utilizing new technology,
utilizing new technology,
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01:19
utilizing social media,
particularly Twitter.
particularly Twitter.
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društvene mreže, posebno Tviter.
01:22
Essentially, what I'm talking about here
is, as I said, citizen journalism.
is, as I said, citizen journalism.
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U osnovi, ovde govorim
o građanskom novinarstvu.
o građanskom novinarstvu.
Da pođemo od prvog slučaja:
01:25
So, to take the first case:
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01:27
this is Ian Tomlinson,
the man in the foreground.
the man in the foreground.
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ovo je Ijan Tomlinson,
čovek u prvom planu.
čovek u prvom planu.
01:30
He was a newspaper vendor from London,
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Bio je prodavac novina iz Londona,
01:34
and on the 1st of April 2009,
he died at the G20 protests in London.
he died at the G20 protests in London.
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i poginuo je 1. aprila 2009. godine
na protestima G20 u Londonu.
na protestima G20 u Londonu.
01:40
Now, he had been -- he wasn't a protester,
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On nije bio protestant,
pokušavao je da stigne kući sa posla
01:43
he'd been trying to find
his way home from work
his way home from work
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kroz demonstracije.
01:45
through the demonstrations.
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01:47
But he didn't get home.
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Ali nije stigao kući.
01:48
He had an encounter with a man behind him,
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Susreo se sa čovekom iza njega,
01:50
and as you can see, the man behind him
has covered his face with a balaclava.
has covered his face with a balaclava.
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a kao što vidite, čovek iza njega
je pokrio lice fantomkom.
je pokrio lice fantomkom.
01:55
And, in fact, he wasn't showing
his badge numbers.
his badge numbers.
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Zapravo, on nije pokazao broj značke.
01:57
But I can tell you now,
he was PC Simon Harwood,
he was PC Simon Harwood,
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Sada vam mogu reći
da je to bio policajac Sajmon Harvud,
da je to bio policajac Sajmon Harvud,
02:00
a police officer with London's
Metropolitan Police Force.
Metropolitan Police Force.
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policajac iz londonske
metropolitanske policije.
metropolitanske policije.
02:04
In fact, he belonged
to the elite territorial support group.
to the elite territorial support group.
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U stvari, on je bio pripadnik
elitne teritorijalne grupe za podršku.
elitne teritorijalne grupe za podršku.
02:07
Now, moments after this image was shot,
Harwood struck Tomlinson with a baton,
Harwood struck Tomlinson with a baton,
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Nekoliko trenutaka nakon ovog snimka,
Harvud je palicom udario Tomlinsona,
Harvud je palicom udario Tomlinsona,
02:13
and he pushed him to ground,
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gurnuo ga na zemlju,
02:15
and Tomlinson died moments later.
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i Tomlinson je umro par trenutaka kasnije.
02:18
But that wasn't the story
the police wanted us to tell.
the police wanted us to tell.
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Ali to nije bila priča koju je policija
htela da ispričamo.
htela da ispričamo.
02:21
Initially, through official statements
and off-the-record briefings,
and off-the-record briefings,
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Prvo su, putem zvaničnih izjava
i nezvaničnih konferencija,
i nezvaničnih konferencija,
02:24
they said that Ian Tomlinson
had died of natural causes.
had died of natural causes.
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rekli da je Ijan Tomlinson
umro prirodnom smrću.
umro prirodnom smrću.
02:29
They said that there had been
no contact with the police,
no contact with the police,
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Rekli su da nije bilo
kontakta sa policijom,
kontakta sa policijom,
02:33
that there were no marks on his body.
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da nije bilo tragova na njegovom telu.
02:35
In fact, they said that when police
tried to resuscitate him,
tried to resuscitate him,
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Zapravo, rekli su da je policija
pokušala da ga oživi,
pokušala da ga oživi,
02:38
the police medics
were impeded from doing so,
were impeded from doing so,
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ali su policijski lekari bili sprečeni
02:42
because protesters were throwing missiles,
believed to be bottles, at police.
believed to be bottles, at police.
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jer su protestanti bacali projektile,
verovatno flaše, na policiju.
verovatno flaše, na policiju.
02:47
And the result of that
were stories like this.
were stories like this.
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Rezultat toga bile su priče
kao što je ova.
kao što je ova.
Pokazujem vam ovaj slajd,
02:50
I show you this slide,
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02:52
because this was the newspaper
that Ian Tomlinson had been selling
that Ian Tomlinson had been selling
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jer su to bile novine
koje je Ijan Tomlinson prodavao
koje je Ijan Tomlinson prodavao
20 godina svog života.
02:55
for 20 years of his life.
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02:57
And if any news organization
had an obligation
had an obligation
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I ako je ijedna novinska
organizacija imala obavezu
organizacija imala obavezu
03:00
to properly forensically analyze
what had been going on,
what had been going on,
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da propisno forenzički analizira
šta se događalo,
šta se događalo,
03:03
it was the Evening Standard newspaper.
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to je trebalo da bude Evening Standard.
03:05
But they, like everyone else --
including my news organization --
including my news organization --
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Ali i oni, kao i svi ostali -
uključujući i moju novinsku organizaciju -
uključujući i moju novinsku organizaciju -
03:08
were misled by the official
version of events put out by police.
version of events put out by police.
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su bili obmanuti zvaničnom verzijom
događaja koju je objavila policija.
događaja koju je objavila policija.
03:12
But you can see here,
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Ovde možete videti da su se boce
koje su navodno bacane na policiju
koje su navodno bacane na policiju
03:13
the bottles that were supposedly
being thrown at police
being thrown at police
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pretvorile u cigle
03:16
were turned into bricks
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do momenta kada su stigle
do ovog izdanja novina.
do ovog izdanja novina.
03:17
by the time they reached
this edition of the newspaper.
this edition of the newspaper.
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03:20
So we were suspicious,
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Bili smo sumnjičavi,
pa smo hteli da vidimo
da li tu ima još nešto.
da li tu ima još nešto.
03:21
and we wanted to see if there
was more to the story.
was more to the story.
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Morali smo da nađemo protestante
koje vidite na slici,
koje vidite na slici,
03:24
We needed to find those protesters
you see in the image,
you see in the image,
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ali, naravno, oni su nestali
dok smo počeli da istražujemo.
dok smo počeli da istražujemo.
03:26
but, of course, they had vanished
by the time we started investigating.
by the time we started investigating.
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Kako pronaći svedoke?
03:30
So how do you find the witnesses?
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Tu je, za mene, postalo baš zanimljivo.
03:31
This is, for me,
where it got really interesting.
where it got really interesting.
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Otišli smo na internet.
03:34
We turned to the internet.
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03:35
This is Twitter;
you've heard a lot about it today.
you've heard a lot about it today.
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Ovo je Tviter, dosta ste čuli
o njemu danas.
o njemu danas.
Zapravo, za mene, kada sam počeo
da istražujem ovaj slučaj,
da istražujem ovaj slučaj,
03:37
Essentially, for me,
when I began investigating this case,
when I began investigating this case,
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03:40
I was completely new to this;
I'd signed up two days earlier.
I'd signed up two days earlier.
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to je bilo potpuno novo;
registrovao sam se dva dana pre.
registrovao sam se dva dana pre.
03:43
I discovered that Twitter
was a microblogging site.
was a microblogging site.
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Otkrio sam da je Tviter
mikroblogerska stranica.
mikroblogerska stranica.
03:47
It enabled me to send out
short, 140-character messages.
short, 140-character messages.
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Omogućila mi je da šaljem
kratke poruke od 140 karaktera.
kratke poruke od 140 karaktera.
03:51
Also, an amazing search facility.
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Takođe je sjajan uređaj za pretraživanje.
03:54
But it was a social arena
in which other people were gathering
in which other people were gathering
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To je društvena arena
gde su se ljudi okupljali
gde su se ljudi okupljali
03:58
with a common motive.
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sa zajedničkim motivom.
04:00
And in this case,
independently of journalists,
independently of journalists,
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U ovom slučaju, nezavisno od novinara,
04:03
people themselves were interrogating
exactly what had happened to Ian Tomlinson
exactly what had happened to Ian Tomlinson
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ljudi su sami ispitivali
šta se tačno desilo Tomlinsonu
šta se tačno desilo Tomlinsonu
04:08
in his last 30 minutes of life.
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poslednjih 30 minuta njegovog života.
04:12
Individuals like these two guys.
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Ljudi kao što su ova dvojica.
04:14
They went to Ian Tomlinson's aid
after he collapsed.
after he collapsed.
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Oni su priskočili u pomoć Tomlinsonu
nakon što se srušio.
nakon što se srušio.
04:19
They phoned the ambulance.
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Oni su zvali hitnu pomoć.
04:21
They didn't see any bottles,
they didn't see any bricks.
they didn't see any bricks.
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Nisu videli nikakve boce, ni cigle.
04:24
So they were concerned
that the stories weren't quite as accurate
that the stories weren't quite as accurate
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Bili su zabrinuti da priče
i nisu bile baš tačne
i nisu bile baš tačne
kao što je policija tvrdila.
04:28
as police were claiming them to be.
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04:29
And again, through social media,
we started encountering
we started encountering
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Preko društvenih mreža
počeli smo da pronalazimo
počeli smo da pronalazimo
04:32
individuals with material like this:
photographs, evidence.
photographs, evidence.
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osobe sa materijalom kao ovaj:
fotografije, dokazi.
fotografije, dokazi.
04:36
Now, this does not show the attack
on Ian Tomlinson,
on Ian Tomlinson,
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Ova ne pokazuje napad na Tomlinsona,
04:40
but he appears to be in some distress.
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ali izgleda kao da je u nekakvoj nevolji.
Da li je bio pijan? Da li je pao?
04:42
Was he drunk? Did he fall over?
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Da li ovo ima neke veze
sa policajcima pored njega?
sa policajcima pored njega?
04:44
Did this have anything to do
with the police officers next to him?
with the police officers next to him?
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Izgleda da ovde razgovara sa njima.
04:48
Here he appears to be talking to them.
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04:49
For us, this was enough
to investigate further, to dig deeper.
to investigate further, to dig deeper.
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Nama je ovo bilo dovoljno
da istražujemo još, da kopamo dublje.
da istražujemo još, da kopamo dublje.
04:56
The result was putting out
stories ourselves.
stories ourselves.
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Kao rezultat, sami smo sastavili priču.
05:00
One of the most amazing things
about the internet is:
about the internet is:
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Jedna od najboljih stvari kod interneta je
05:03
the information that people put out
is freely available to anyone,
is freely available to anyone,
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što su informacije
koje ljudi objave dostupne svima,
koje ljudi objave dostupne svima,
05:06
as we all know.
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kao što znamo.
05:07
That doesn't just go
for citizen journalists,
for citizen journalists,
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To ne važi samo za građane novinare,
ili za ljude koji objavljuju
na Fejsbuku ili Tviteru.
na Fejsbuku ili Tviteru.
05:09
or for people putting out messages
on Facebook or Twitter.
on Facebook or Twitter.
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05:12
That goes for journalists themselves,
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To važi i za same novinare kao što sam ja.
05:14
people like me.
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Dok god je vaša vest besplatna,
05:15
As long as your news is the right side
of a paywall, i.e, it's free,
of a paywall, i.e, it's free,
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05:20
anybody can access it.
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svako može da joj pristupi.
05:21
And stories like these,
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Priče kao što je ova,
05:22
which were questioning
the official version of events,
the official version of events,
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koja preispituje
zvaničnu verziju događaja,
zvaničnu verziju događaja,
koja je skeptična,
05:25
which were skeptical in tone,
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05:27
allowed people to realize
that we had questions ourselves.
that we had questions ourselves.
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omogućila je ljudima da shvate
da smo i sami imali pitanja.
da smo i sami imali pitanja.
05:30
They were online magnets.
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One su bile onlajn magneti.
05:32
Individuals with material that could
help us were drawn toward us
help us were drawn toward us
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Osobe sa materijalom koji bi mogao
da nam pomogne privučene su nama
da nam pomogne privučene su nama
05:36
by some kind of gravitational force.
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nekom vrstom gravitacijske sile.
05:39
And after six days, we had managed
to track down around 20 witnesses.
to track down around 20 witnesses.
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Nakon šest dana, uspeli smo
da pronađemo oko 20 svedoka.
da pronađemo oko 20 svedoka.
05:45
We've plotted them here on the map.
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Označio sam ih ovde na mapi.
Ovo je mesto Tomlinsonove smrti,
05:47
This is the scene
of Ian Tomlinson's death,
of Ian Tomlinson's death,
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05:49
the Bank of England in London.
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Banka Engleske u Londonu.
05:50
And each of these witnesses
that we plotted on the map,
that we plotted on the map,
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I kod svakog od ovih svedoka
koje smo označili na mapi,
koje smo označili na mapi,
05:53
you could click on these
small bullet points,
small bullet points,
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možete kliknuti na ove kružiće,
05:56
and you could hear what they had to say,
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i možete da čujete šta su imali da kažu,
05:58
see their photographic image
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da vidite njihove fotografije
06:00
and at times,
see their videographic images as well.
see their videographic images as well.
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i ponegde, da vidite i video-zapise.
Ali ipak, u ovoj fazi,
06:03
But still, at this stage,
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06:05
with witnesses telling us that they'd seen
police attack Ian Tomlinson
police attack Ian Tomlinson
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kada su svedoci govorili da su videli
policiju kako napada Tomlinsona
policiju kako napada Tomlinsona
06:09
before his death,
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pre njegove smrti,
06:10
still, police refused to accept that.
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policija je odbijala to da prihvati.
06:14
There was no official
investigation into his death.
investigation into his death.
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Nije bilo zvanične istrage njegove smrti.
06:17
And then something changed.
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A onda se nešto promenilo.
06:19
I got an email from an investment fund
manager in New York.
manager in New York.
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Dobio sam mejl od direktora
investicionog fonda u Njujorku.
investicionog fonda u Njujorku.
06:24
On the day of Ian Tomlinson's death,
he'd been in London on business,
he'd been in London on business,
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Na dan Tomlinsonove smrti,
on je bio poslovno u Londonu,
on je bio poslovno u Londonu,
06:27
and he'd taken out his digital camera,
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izvadio je svoju kameru,
06:31
and he'd recorded this.
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i usnimio ovo.
06:38
(Video) Narrator:
This is the crowd at G20 protest
This is the crowd at G20 protest
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(Video) Narator: Ovo je gužva
na protestu G20
na protestu G20
1. aprila, oko 19:20.
06:40
on April the 1st, around 7:20pm.
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06:43
They were on Cornhill,
near the Bank of England.
near the Bank of England.
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Bili su u Kornhilu, blizu Banke Engleske.
06:46
This footage will form the basis
of a police investigation
of a police investigation
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Ovaj snimak će postati
temelj policijske istrage
temelj policijske istrage
06:48
into the death of this man.
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smrti ovog čoveka.
06:51
Ian Tomlinson was walking
through this area,
through this area,
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Ijan Tmlinson je išao ovuda
06:53
attempting to get home from work.
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pokušavajući da stigne kući s posla.
06:55
(People yelling)
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(Ljudi viču)
07:10
We've slowed down the footage
to show how it poses serious questions
to show how it poses serious questions
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Usporili smo snimak da pokažemo
kako postavlja ozbiljna pitanja
kako postavlja ozbiljna pitanja
07:13
about police conduct.
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o policijskom ponašanju.
07:15
Ian Tomlinson had his back
to riot officers and dog handlers
to riot officers and dog handlers
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Tomlinson je okrenuo leđa
obezbeđenju i policiji sa psima
obezbeđenju i policiji sa psima
07:18
and was walking away from them.
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i udaljavao se od njih.
07:20
He had his hands in his pockets.
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Držao je ruke u džepovima.
07:22
Here the riot officer appears to strike
Tomlinson's leg area with a baton.
Tomlinson's leg area with a baton.
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Ovde izgleda da član obezbeđenja
udara palicom Tomlinsona u predelu noge.
udara palicom Tomlinsona u predelu noge.
07:26
He then lunges at Tomlinson from behind.
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Zatim se baca na Tomlinsona otpozadi.
Tomlinson je gurnut unapred i pada na pod.
07:30
Tomlinson is propelled forward
and hits the floor.
and hits the floor.
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07:39
(People yelling)
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(Ljudi viču)
Pol Luis: Okej. Ovo je šokantno.
07:48
Paul Lewis: OK. So, shocking stuff.
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Taj snimak nije bio najbolji,
07:50
That video wasn't playing too well,
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ali sećam se, kada sam prvi put
sam odgledao video,
sam odgledao video,
07:52
but I remember when I first watched
the video for myself,
the video for myself,
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bio sam u kontaktu sa tim
direktorom investicionog fonda u Njujorku,
direktorom investicionog fonda u Njujorku,
07:54
I'd been in touch with
this investment fund manager in New York,
this investment fund manager in New York,
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07:58
and I had become obsessed with this story.
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i postao sam opsednut ovom pričom.
08:00
I had spoken to so many people
who said they had seen this happen,
who said they had seen this happen,
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Pričao sam sa toliko ljudi
koji su rekli da su videli ovo,
koji su rekli da su videli ovo,
08:04
and the guy on the other end
of the phone was saying,
of the phone was saying,
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a čovek sa druge strane
slušalice je govorio:
slušalice je govorio:
„Evo, video to pokazuje.“
08:06
"Look, the video shows it."
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Nisam hteo da mu verujem
dok nisam i sam video.
dok nisam i sam video.
08:08
I didn't want to believe him
until I saw it for myself.
until I saw it for myself.
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Bilo je dva sata noću, bio sam
sa stručnjakom za IT - snimak nije stizao.
sa stručnjakom za IT - snimak nije stizao.
08:10
It was two o'clock in the morning,
I was there with an IT guy --
I was there with an IT guy --
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08:13
the video wasn't coming.
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Konačno je stigao i kliknuo sam.
08:15
Finally, it landed, and I clicked on it.
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Shvatio sam: ovo je stvarno
nešto jako značajno.
nešto jako značajno.
08:17
And I realized: this is really
something quite significant.
something quite significant.
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08:20
Within 15 hours, we put it on our website.
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U roku od 15 sati, stavili smo
snimak na našu stranicu.
snimak na našu stranicu.
08:22
The first thing police did
was they came to our office --
was they came to our office --
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Prvo što je policija uradila
je da je došla u našu kancelariju -
je da je došla u našu kancelariju -
08:25
senior officers came to our office --
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viši policajci su došli
i tražili nam da sklonimo video.
i tražili nam da sklonimo video.
08:27
and asked us to take the video down.
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Odbili smo.
08:28
We said no.
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Svakako bi bilo prekasno,
08:30
It would have been too late, anyway,
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jer je već bio obišao svet.
08:31
because it had traveled around the world.
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A policajac na snimku će se,
u roku od dva dana,
u roku od dva dana,
08:33
And the officer in that film,
in two days' time,
in two days' time,
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08:36
will appear before
an inquest jury in London,
an inquest jury in London,
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pojaviti pred istražnom porotom u Londonu,
08:38
and they have the power to decide
that Ian Tomlinson was unlawfully killed.
that Ian Tomlinson was unlawfully killed.
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a oni imaju moć da odluče
da li je Tomlinson nezakonito ubijen.
da li je Tomlinson nezakonito ubijen.
08:42
So that's the first case;
I said two cases today.
I said two cases today.
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To je prvi slučaj; obećao sam dva danas.
08:45
The second case is this man.
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Drugi slučaj je slučaj ovog čoveka.
08:46
Now, like Ian Tomlinson,
he was a father, he lived in London.
he was a father, he lived in London.
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Kao i Ijan Tomlinson,
bio je otac i živeo je u Londonu.
bio je otac i živeo je u Londonu.
08:51
But he was a political
refugee from Angola.
refugee from Angola.
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Ali je bio politička izbeglica iz Angole.
08:54
And six months ago,
the British government decided
the British government decided
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Pre šest meseci,
britanska vlada je odlučila
britanska vlada je odlučila
da želi da ga vrati u Angolu;
08:57
they wanted to return him to Angola;
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08:59
he was a failed asylum seeker.
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nije uspeo da dobije azil.
09:01
So they booked him a seat on an airline,
a flight from Heathrow.
a flight from Heathrow.
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Rezervisali su mu mesto u avionu,
na letu sa aerodroma Hitrou.
na letu sa aerodroma Hitrou.
09:06
Now, the official version of events,
the official explanation,
the official explanation,
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Zvanična verzija događaja,
zvanično objašnjenje
zvanično objašnjenje
09:09
of Jimmy Mubenga's death
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smrti Džimija Mubenge
09:11
was simply that he'd taken ill.
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je bila da se razboleo.
09:13
He'd become unwell on the flight,
the plane had returned to Heathrow,
the plane had returned to Heathrow,
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Nije se osećao dobro na letu,
avion se vratio na Hitrou,
avion se vratio na Hitrou,
09:16
and then he was transferred to hospital
and pronounced dead.
and pronounced dead.
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a onda je prebačen u bolnicu
i proglašen mrtvim.
i proglašen mrtvim.
Ono što se stvarno desilo
sa Džimijem Mubengom,
sa Džimijem Mubengom,
09:19
Now, what actually happened
to Jimmy Mubenga,
to Jimmy Mubenga,
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09:22
the story we were able to tell,
my colleague Mathew Taylor and I,
my colleague Mathew Taylor and I,
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priča koju smo mi ispričali,
moj kolega Metju Tejlor i ja,
moj kolega Metju Tejlor i ja,
09:25
was that, actually, three security guards
began trying to restrain him
began trying to restrain him
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je da su, u stvari, tri člana obezbeđenja
pokušala da ga obuzdaju
pokušala da ga obuzdaju
09:28
in his seat;
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na njegovom sedištu;
09:29
when was resisting his deportation,
they were restraining him in his seat.
they were restraining him in his seat.
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dok se on opirao deportaciji,
oni su ga obuzdavali na sedištu.
oni su ga obuzdavali na sedištu.
09:33
They placed him in a dangerous hold.
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Stavili su ga u opasan položaj.
09:36
It keeps detainees quiet,
and he was making a lot of noise.
and he was making a lot of noise.
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Na taj način se zarobljenik utiša,
a ovaj je pravio previše buke.
a ovaj je pravio previše buke.
09:40
But it can also lead
to positional asphyxia,
to positional asphyxia,
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Ali to može dovesti
i do pozicijske asfiksije,
i do pozicijske asfiksije,
jednog oblika gušenja.
09:42
a form of suffocation.
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09:44
So you have to imagine:
there were other passengers on the plane,
there were other passengers on the plane,
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Morate to da zamislite:
bilo je drugih putnika u avionu,
bilo je drugih putnika u avionu,
i mogli su ga čuti kako govori:
09:47
and they could hear him saying,
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„Ne mogu da dišem!
Ne mogu da dišem! Ubiće me!“
Ne mogu da dišem! Ubiće me!“
09:48
"I can't breathe! I can't breathe!
They're killing me!"
They're killing me!"
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A onda je prestao da diše.
09:51
And then he stopped breathing.
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09:52
So how did we find these passengers?
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Kako smo pronašli ove putnike?
09:54
In the case of Ian Tomlinson,
the witnesses were still in London.
the witnesses were still in London.
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U slučaju Ijana Tomlinsona,
svedoci su i dalje bili u Londonu.
svedoci su i dalje bili u Londonu.
Ali ovi putnici, mnogi od njih,
su se vratili u Angolu.
su se vratili u Angolu.
09:57
But these passengers,
many of them, had returned to Angola.
many of them, had returned to Angola.
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Kako da ih nađemo?
10:00
How were we going to find them?
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I ovaj put, koristili smo internet.
10:02
Again, we turned to the internet.
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10:03
We wrote, as I said before,
stories -- they're online magnets.
stories -- they're online magnets.
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Pisali smo, kao što sam rekao, priče -
a one su onlajn magneti.
a one su onlajn magneti.
10:07
The tone of some these stories,
journalism professors might frown upon
journalism professors might frown upon
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Profesori novinarstva možda ne bi odobrili
ton nekih od ovih priča
ton nekih od ovih priča
jer je bio skeptičan;
10:10
because they were skeptical;
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postavljale su pitanja, možda spekulisale,
10:12
they were asking questions,
perhaps speculative,
perhaps speculative,
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što je verovatno nešto
što novinari ne treba da rade.
što novinari ne treba da rade.
10:14
maybe the kind of things
journalists shouldn't do.
journalists shouldn't do.
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Ali morali smo to da uradimo,
a i da koristimo Tviter.
a i da koristimo Tviter.
10:16
But we needed to do it,
and we needed to use Twitter also.
and we needed to use Twitter also.
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10:19
Here I'm saying an Angolan man
dies on a flight.
dies on a flight.
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Ovde sam napisao
da je Angolac umro na letu.
da je Angolac umro na letu.
10:22
This story could be big;
a level of speculation.
a level of speculation.
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To bi mogla biti velika priča;
izvesno nagađanje.
izvesno nagađanje.
10:24
This next tweet says, "Please RT."
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Sledeći tvit kaže: „Molim vas, RT.“
10:27
That means "please retweet,"
please pass down the chain.
please pass down the chain.
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Što bi značilo „molim, retvitujte“ -
prenesite poruku dalje.
prenesite poruku dalje.
10:31
And one of the fascinating
things about Twitter
things about Twitter
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Jedna od fascinantnih stvari na Tviteru
10:34
is that the pattern of flow of information
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je da je šablon protoka informacija
10:36
is unlike anything we've ever seen before.
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2332
kao nigde pre.
10:38
We don't really understand it,
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Mi to u stvari ne razumemo,
ali kada jednom pošaljete informaciju,
10:40
but once you let go
of a piece of information,
of a piece of information,
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ona putuje kao vetar.
10:42
it travels like wind.
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10:44
You can't determine where it ends up.
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Ne možete utvrditi gde će završiti.
10:46
But strangely,
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Ali iz nekog čudnog razloga,
10:48
tweets have an uncanny ability
to reach their intended destination.
to reach their intended destination.
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tvitovi imaju neverovatnu sposobnost
da dođu do nameravane destinacije.
da dođu do nameravane destinacije.
10:52
And in this case, it was this man.
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A u ovom slučaju, to je bio ovaj čovek.
Rekao je: „I ja sam bio u BA77“ -
to je broj leta -
to je broj leta -
10:55
He says, "I was also there on the BA77" --
that's the flight number --
that's the flight number --
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10:59
"And the man was begging for help,
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„Čovek je preklinjao za pomoć,
11:01
and I now feel so guilty
that I did nothing."
that I did nothing."
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i sada osećam krivicu
što ništa nisam uradio.“
što ništa nisam uradio.“
11:04
This was Michael.
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Ovo je Majkl.
11:05
He was on an Angolan oil field
when he sent me this tweet.
when he sent me this tweet.
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Bio ja na naftnom polju u Angoli
kada mi je poslao ovaj tvit.
kada mi je poslao ovaj tvit.
11:10
I was in my office in London.
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Ja sam bio u kancelariji u Londonu.
11:12
He had concerns about
what happened on the flight.
what happened on the flight.
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Bio je zabrinut zbog onoga
što se desilo na letu.
što se desilo na letu.
Uzeo je svoj laptop i ukucao broj leta.
11:15
He'd gone onto his laptop,
he typed in the flight number.
he typed in the flight number.
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11:18
He had encountered that tweet,
he had encountered our stories.
he had encountered our stories.
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Našao je taj tvit i naše priče.
11:21
He realized we had an intention
to tell a different version of events;
to tell a different version of events;
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Shvatio je da smo hteli da ispričamo
drugačiju verziju događaja;
drugačiju verziju događaja;
11:27
we were skeptical.
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bili smo skeptični.
11:28
And he contacted me.
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Kontaktirao je sa mnom.
11:30
And this is what Michael said.
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Evo šta mi je Majkl rekao.
11:32
(Audio) Michael: I'm pretty sure
it'll turn out to be asphyxiation.
it'll turn out to be asphyxiation.
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(Audio) Majkl: Prilično sam siguran
da će se ispostaviti da je gušenje.
da će se ispostaviti da je gušenje.
11:36
The last thing we heard the man saying
was he couldn't breathe.
was he couldn't breathe.
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Poslednje što smo čuli da čovek govori
je bilo da ne može da diše.
je bilo da ne može da diše.
11:40
And you've got three security guards,
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A tu su bila i tri člana obezbeđenja,
11:44
each one of them looked
like 100-kilo plus,
like 100-kilo plus,
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od kojih je svaki izgledao
kao da ima više od 100 kg,
kao da ima više od 100 kg,
11:48
bearing down on him, holding him
down -- from what I could see,
down -- from what I could see,
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koji su ga gurali, držali ga -
kako sam ja mogao da vidim,
kako sam ja mogao da vidim,
11:51
below the seats.
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1277
ispod sedišta.
11:52
What I saw was the three men trying
to pull him down below the seats.
to pull him down below the seats.
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5158
Video sam da tri muškarca pokušavaju
da ga povuku ispod sedišta.
da ga povuku ispod sedišta.
11:58
And all I could see was his head
sticking up above the seats,
sticking up above the seats,
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A sve što sam mogao da vidim
je njegova glava kako viri iznad sedišta,
je njegova glava kako viri iznad sedišta,
12:01
and he was hollering out,
you know, "Help me!"
you know, "Help me!"
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i vikao je „Upomoć!“
12:04
He just kept saying, "Help me! Help me!"
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Uporno je ponavljao: „Upomoć! Upomoć!“
12:07
And then he disappeared below the seats.
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3674
A onda je nestao ispod sedišta.
12:11
And you could see the three security
guards sitting on top of him from there.
guards sitting on top of him from there.
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4532
I mogli ste da vidite tri čuvara
kako sede na njemu.
kako sede na njemu.
12:17
For the rest of my life,
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Do kraja mog života
12:19
I'm always going to have that
in the back of my mind.
in the back of my mind.
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to će mi biti u podsvesti.
12:22
Could I have done something?
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1675
Da li sam mogao da uradim nešto?
12:24
That's going to bother me
every time I lay down to go to sleep now.
every time I lay down to go to sleep now.
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To će me proganjati svaki put
kada legnem da spavam.
kada legnem da spavam.
12:27
Wow; I didn't get involved
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Uf; nisam se umešao
12:29
because I was scared I might get
kicked off the flight and lose my job.
kicked off the flight and lose my job.
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jer sam se uplašio da bi mogli
da me izbace sa leta i da izgubim posao.
da me izbace sa leta i da izgubim posao.
12:33
If it takes three men to hold a man down,
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Ako je potrebno tri čoveka da drže jednog,
12:37
to put him on a flight,
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da ga ubace u avion,
12:40
one the public is on,
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2456
gde ima i drugih putnika,
12:42
that's excessive.
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1540
to je preterano.
12:44
OK?
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1560
Okej?
12:45
If the man died,
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Ako čovek umre,
12:49
that right there is excessive.
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2595
baš to je preterano.
12:53
PL: So that was his interpretation
of what had happened on the flight.
of what had happened on the flight.
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3387
PL: To je bilo njegovo tumačenje
onog što se desilo na letu.
onog što se desilo na letu.
12:57
And Michael was actually
one of five witnesses
one of five witnesses
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Majkl je, u stvari,
bio jedan od pet svedoka
bio jedan od pet svedoka
12:59
that we eventually managed to track down,
most of them, as I said,
most of them, as I said,
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koje smo uspeli da pronađemo,
većinu, kao što sam rekao,
većinu, kao što sam rekao,
13:03
through the internet,
through social media.
through social media.
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3424
preko interneta i društvenih mreža.
13:06
We could actually place them on the plane,
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2059
Uspeli smo i da ih smestimo u avion,
13:08
so you could see
exactly where they were sat.
exactly where they were sat.
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pa možete videti gde su tačno sedeli.
13:11
And I should say at this stage
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U ovoj fazi, trebalo bi reći
13:12
that one really important
dimension to all of this
dimension to all of this
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2394
da ima jedna jako važna strana ovoga
13:15
for journalists who utilize social media
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za novinare koji koriste društvene mreže
13:17
and who utilize citizen journalism
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i građansko novinarstvo,
13:19
is making sure we get our facts correct.
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a to je da budemo sigurni
da su naše činjenice tačne.
da su naše činjenice tačne.
13:21
Verification is absolutely essential.
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Proveravanje je apsolutno neophodno.
13:24
So in the case
of the Ian Tomlinson witnesses,
of the Ian Tomlinson witnesses,
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U slučaju Tomlinsonovih svedoka,
13:27
I got them to return
to the scene of the death
to the scene of the death
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naveo sam ih da se vrate na mesto ubistva
13:29
and physically walk me through
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da me tuda fizički sprovedu
13:32
and tell me exactly what they had seen.
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i kažu mi tačno šta su videli.
13:34
That was absolutely essential.
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To je bilo apsolutno neophodno.
13:36
In the case of Mubenga,
we couldn't do that,
we couldn't do that,
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U Mubenginom slučaju to nismo mogli,
ali mogli su da nam pošalju
svoje karte za ukrcavanje.
svoje karte za ukrcavanje.
13:38
but they could send us
their boarding passes.
their boarding passes.
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13:40
And we could interrogate
what they were saying
what they were saying
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Pa smo mogli da proverimo ono što su rekli
i budemo sigurni da se poklapa
sa onim što su drugi putnici rekli.
sa onim što su drugi putnici rekli.
13:42
and ensure it was consistent with what
other passengers were saying, too.
other passengers were saying, too.
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Opasnost u svemu ovome
za novinare - za sve nas -
za novinare - za sve nas -
13:46
The danger in all of this
for journalists -- for all of us --
for journalists -- for all of us --
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13:49
is that we're victims of hoaxes,
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je da smo žrtve prevare,
13:51
or that there's deliberate misinformation
fed into the public domain.
fed into the public domain.
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ili da su dezinformacije
namerno puštene u javnost.
namerno puštene u javnost.
13:56
So we have to be careful.
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Zato moramo biti pažljivi.
13:58
But nobody can deny
the power of citizen journalism.
the power of citizen journalism.
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Ali niko ne može da ospori moć
građanskog novinarstva.
građanskog novinarstva.
14:01
When a plane crashes
into the Hudson two years ago,
into the Hudson two years ago,
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Kada se avion srušio
u Hadson pre dve godine,
u Hadson pre dve godine,
14:05
and the world finds out about this
because a man is on a nearby ferry,
because a man is on a nearby ferry,
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a svet za to saznao zato što je čovek
sa obližnjeg trajekta
sa obližnjeg trajekta
14:08
and he takes out his iPhone
and photographs the image of the plane
and photographs the image of the plane
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uzeo svoj ajfon i fotografisao avion,
14:12
and sends it around the world --
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pa to poslao širom sveta -
tako je većina ljudi uopšte i saznala,
14:13
that's how most people
found out initially,
found out initially,
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14:16
in the early minutes and hours,
about the plane in the Hudson River.
about the plane in the Hudson River.
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u prvim minutima i satima
o avionu u reci Hadson.
o avionu u reci Hadson.
14:20
Now, think of the two biggest
news stories of the year.
news stories of the year.
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Setite se dve najveće priče godine.
14:23
We had the Japanese earthquake
and the tsunami.
and the tsunami.
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Imali smo japanski zemljotres i cunami.
14:27
Cast your mind's eye
back to the images that you saw
back to the images that you saw
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Pomislite na slike koje ste videli
14:30
on your television screens.
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na svojim televizijskim ekranima.
14:32
They were boats left five miles inland.
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Čamci ostavljeni 8 km od obale.
14:36
They were houses being moved along,
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Kuće koje su se pomerale,
14:39
as if in the sea.
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kao da su u moru.
14:41
Water lifting up inside people's
living rooms, supermarkets shaking --
living rooms, supermarkets shaking --
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Voda koja navire u dnevne sobe ljudi,
supermarketi koji podrhtavaju -
supermarketi koji podrhtavaju -
14:45
these were images
shot by citizen journalists
shot by citizen journalists
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to su slike koje su zabeležili
novinari građani
novinari građani
14:48
and instantly shared on the internet.
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i odmah podelili na internetu.
14:50
And the other big story of the year:
the political crisis,
the political crisis,
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Druga velika priča godine:
politička kriza,
politička kriza,
14:54
the political earthquake
in the Middle East.
in the Middle East.
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politički zemljotres na Srednjem istoku.
Nebitno je da li se radi
o Egiptu ili Libiji, Siriji ili Jemenu.
o Egiptu ili Libiji, Siriji ili Jemenu.
14:57
And it doesn't matter if it was
Egypt or Libya or Syria or Yemen.
Egypt or Libya or Syria or Yemen.
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Pojedinci su uspeli da prevaziđu
represivna ograničenja
represivna ograničenja
15:02
Individuals have managed to overcome
the repressive restrictions
the repressive restrictions
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15:07
in those regimes
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u tim režimima
snimajući svoju okolinu
15:09
by recording their environment
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15:11
and telling their own stories
on the internet.
on the internet.
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i pričajući svoje priče na internetu.
Naravno, to je vrlo teško proveriti,
15:13
Again, always very difficult to verify,
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15:15
but potentially,
a huge layer of accountability.
a huge layer of accountability.
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ali potencijalno, sa velikom odgovornošću.
15:19
This image -- and I could have
shown you any, actually;
shown you any, actually;
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Ova slika - a mogao sam vam pokazati
bilo koju; Jutjub je ih je pun -
bilo koju; Jutjub je ih je pun -
15:22
YouTube is full of them --
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ovo je slika naizgled nenaoružanog
protestanta u Bahreinu.
protestanta u Bahreinu.
15:23
This image is of an apparently
unarmed protester in Bahrain.
unarmed protester in Bahrain.
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15:28
And he's being shot by security forces.
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Ustrelile su ga bezbednosne snage.
15:31
It doesn't matter
if the individual being mistreated,
if the individual being mistreated,
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Nije važno da li nekoga maltretiraju,
15:35
possibly even killed,
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ili možda ubiju,
15:37
is in Bahrain or in London.
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u Bahreinu ili Londonu.
15:39
But citizen journalism and this
technology has inserted
technology has inserted
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Ali građansko novinarstvo
i ova tehnologija su usadili
i ova tehnologija su usadili
15:43
a new layer of accountability
into our world,
into our world,
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novi sloj odgovornosti u naš svet,
15:46
and I think that's a good thing.
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i mislim da je to dobro.
15:48
So to conclude: the theme
of the conference, "Why not?" --
of the conference, "Why not?" --
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Da zaključim: tema konferencije,
„Zašto da ne?“ -
„Zašto da ne?“ -
15:52
I think for journalists,
it's quite simple, really.
it's quite simple, really.
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što se tiče novinara, prilično je prosto.
15:54
I mean, why not utilize this technology,
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Zašto ne bismo koristili tehnologiju
15:57
which massively broadens
the boundaries of what's possible,
the boundaries of what's possible,
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koja uveliko proširuje granice mogućeg,
16:01
accept that many of the things
that happen in our world now go recorded,
that happen in our world now go recorded,
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prihvatiti da su mnoge stvari
koje se dešavaju sada zabeležene,
koje se dešavaju sada zabeležene,
16:04
and we can obtain that information
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i da informaciju možemo dobiti
16:07
through social media?
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preko društvenih mreža?
16:08
That's new for journalists.
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To je novo za novinare.
16:10
The stories I showed you, I don't think
we would have been able to investigate
we would have been able to investigate
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Mislim da priče koje sam vam pokazao
ne bismo mogli da istražimo
ne bismo mogli da istražimo
pre 10, ili čak pet godina.
16:13
10 years ago, possibly even
five years ago.
five years ago.
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16:16
I think there's a very good argument
to say that the two deaths,
to say that the two deaths,
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Vrlo je čvrst argument
da u slučaju te dve smrti,
da u slučaju te dve smrti,
smrti Ijana Tomlinsona i Džimija Mubenge,
16:20
the death of Ian Tomlinson
and the death of Jimmy Mubenga,
and the death of Jimmy Mubenga,
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16:22
we still today wouldn't know
exactly what had happened in those cases.
exactly what had happened in those cases.
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ne bismo znali šta se tačno desilo.
16:26
And "Why not?" for people like yourselves?
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I „Zašto da ne?“ za ljude kao što ste vi?
16:28
Well, I think that's very simple, too.
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Pa, mislim da je i to vrlo prosto.
16:31
If you encounter something
that you believe is problematic,
that you believe is problematic,
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Ako naiđete na nešto
što vam deluje problematično,
što vam deluje problematično,
16:35
that disturbs you, that concerns you,
an injustice of some kind,
an injustice of some kind,
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što vas je uznemirilo, zabrinulo,
nekakva vrsta nepravde,
nekakva vrsta nepravde,
16:39
something that just
doesn't feel quite right,
doesn't feel quite right,
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nešto što vam se ne čini kako treba,
16:42
then why not witness it,
record it and share it?
record it and share it?
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zašto ne biste bili svedok,
zabeležili to i podelili?
zabeležili to i podelili?
16:47
That process of witnessing,
recording and sharing is journalism.
recording and sharing is journalism.
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Taj proces svedočenja, beleženja
i deljenja je novinarstvo.
i deljenja je novinarstvo.
16:53
And we can all do it. Thank you.
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I svi to možemo. Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Lewis - JournalistReporter Paul Lewis harnesses the power of mobile phones and social media -- innovations that are making every person a potential journalist.
Why you should listen
Paul Lewis uses social media and cellphone video and photos to build hard-hitting stories. He first gained notice for his reporting on the death of Ian Tomlinson, when he used a witness’ cellphone video to prove that the police attacked Tomlinson at the 2009 G-20 protests. The international story led to an internal police investigation and changed the way we think about self-policing in a digital era.
He leads a team of journalists at The Guardian who specialize in using the very reporting methods he helped popularize. He reflects on citizen journalism as part of the book Investigative Journalism: Dead or Alive?
Paul Lewis | Speaker | TED.com