TEDxBoston 2011
Jay Bradner: Open-source cancer research
Džej Bredner: Princip "slobodnog pristupa" u istraživanju raka
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Kako rak zna da je rak? U laboratoriji Džeja Brednera su otkrili molekul koji možda sadrži odgovor na to, JQ1 -- naučnici iz te laboratorije su, umesto da patentiraju JQ1, objavili svoja otkrića i poslali uzorke u 40 drugih laboratorija koje su nastavile da rade na tome. Inspirativni pogled na budućnost otvorenog pristupa u medicinskim istraživanjima.
Jay Bradner - Research scientist
In his lab, Jay Bradner, a researcher at Harvard and Dana Farber in Boston, works on a breakthrough approach for subverting cancer .. and he’s giving the secret away. Full bio
In his lab, Jay Bradner, a researcher at Harvard and Dana Farber in Boston, works on a breakthrough approach for subverting cancer .. and he’s giving the secret away. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I moved to Boston 10 years ago, from Chicago,
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Preselio sam se u Boston iz Čikaga, pre 10 godina,
00:19
with an interest in cancer and in chemistry.
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zanimali su me rak i hemija.
00:22
You might know that chemistry is the science of making molecules --
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Možda znate da je hemija nauka o pravljenju molekula
00:25
or to my taste, new drugs for cancer.
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ili, što se meni sviđa, novih lekova za rak.
00:29
And you might also know that, for science and medicine,
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Možda takođe znate da je, što se nauke i medicine tiče,
00:32
Boston is a bit of a candy store.
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Boston neka vrsta poslastičarnice.
00:35
You can't roll a stop sign in Cambridge
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U Kembridžu (u SAD), ne biste mogli da stavite ni saobraćajni
00:38
without hitting a graduate student.
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znak za stop, a da ne udarite nekog studenta na doktoratu.
00:40
The bar is called the Miracle of Science.
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Čak se i kafić zove "Čudo Nauke".
00:42
The billboards say "Lab Space Available."
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Na bilbordima su oglasi "Imamo poslovni prostor za laboratoriju".
00:46
And it's fair to say that in these 10 years,
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Može se reći da smo, u ovih 10 godina,
00:48
we've witnessed absolutely the start
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svedoci samog početka
00:51
of a scientific revolution -- that of genome medicine.
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naučne revolucije, koja se odnosi na genomsku medicinu.
00:54
We know more about the patients that enter our clinic now
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Sada znamo više nego ikada ranije
00:56
than ever before.
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o pacijentima koji nam dolaze u bolnice.
00:58
And we're able, finally, to answer the question
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Konačno smo u stanju da odgovorimo na pitanje
01:00
that's been so pressing for so many years:
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koje se postavlja već toliko godina:
01:03
why do I have cancer?
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Zašto imam rak?
01:06
This information is also pretty staggering.
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Informacije o tome su prilično zapanjujuće.
01:08
You might know that,
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Možda znate da,
01:10
so far in just the dawn of this revolution,
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iako smo još na početku ove revolucije,
01:12
we know that there are perhaps 40,000 unique mutations
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znamo da postoji oko 40.000 jedinstvenih mutacija
01:15
affecting more than 10,000 genes,
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koje pogađaju više od 10.000 gena,
01:18
and that there are 500 of these genes
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i da, među tim genima, ima 500 gena
01:20
that are bona-fide drivers,
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koji zaista i utiču,
01:22
causes of cancer.
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i izazivaju rak.
01:24
Yet comparatively,
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Međutim, u poređenju sa tim,
01:26
we have about a dozen targeted medications.
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imamo oko desetak tzv. ciljanih lekova.
01:29
And this inadequacy of cancer medicine
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Ova nesposobnost u lečenju raka
01:32
really hit home when my father was diagnosed
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me je lično pogodila, kad je moj otac dobio dijagnozu
01:34
with pancreatic cancer.
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za rak pankreasa.
01:37
We didn't fly him to Boston.
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Nismo ga doveli u Boston.
01:39
We didn't sequence his genome.
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Nismo sekvencionirali njegov genom.
01:41
It's been known for decades
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Već je decenijama poznato
01:43
what causes this malignancy.
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šta izaziva ovaj malignitet.
01:45
It's three proteins --
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To su tri proteina --
01:47
Ras, Myc and P53.
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Ras, MIC i P53.
01:50
This is old information we've known since about the 80s,
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To su stare informacije koje znamo još od 80-ih,
01:53
yet there's no medicine I can prescribe
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a ipak ne postoji lek koji mogu da prepišem
01:55
to a patient with this
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pacijentu koji ima ovaj
01:57
or any of the numerous solid tumors
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ili bilo koji drugi od brojnih čvrstih tumora
01:59
caused by these three horsemen
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koje izazivaju ova tri
02:01
of the apocalypse that is cancer.
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jahača apokalipse koju zovemo rak.
02:04
There's no Ras, no Myc, no P53 drug.
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Nema leka usmerenog na Ras, MIC ili P53.
02:07
And you might fairly ask: why is that?
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Mogli biste, s pravom, da pitate: zbog čega?
02:09
And the very unsatisfying, yet scientific, answer
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Vrlo nezadovoljavajući, ali ipak naučni odgovor je
02:12
is it's too hard.
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da je suviše teško.
02:14
That for whatever reason,
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Iz različitih razloga su,
02:16
these three proteins have entered a space in the language of our field
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ova tri proteina ušla u jednu sferu u našoj oblasti
02:19
that's called the undruggable genome --
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koja se naziva "genom bez lekova"
02:21
which is like calling a computer unsurfable
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to je kao da kažemo "kompjuter koji ne pretražuje podatke"
02:23
or the Moon unwalkable.
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ili kad bismo rekli da je nemoguće hodati po Mesecu.
02:25
It's a horrible term of trade.
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To je grozan tehnički termin.
02:27
But what it means
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Ali, to znači
02:29
is that we fail to identify a greasy pocket in these proteins,
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da nismo uspeli da identifikujemo "masni džep" u ovim proteinima,
02:31
into which we, like molecular locksmiths,
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u koji bismo mogli da, kao molekularni bravari,
02:34
can fashion an active, small, organic molecule
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ubacimo aktivni, mali, organski molekul
02:37
or drug substance.
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ili komponentu leka.
02:39
Now as I was training in clinical medicine
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Za vreme moje specijalizacije za kliničku medicinu
02:41
and hematology and oncology
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hematologiju i onkologiju
02:43
and stem cell transplantation,
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i transplantaciju matičnih ćelija,
02:45
what we had instead,
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ono što je postojalo umesto toga,
02:47
cascading through the regulatory network at the FDA,
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što je skakutalo kroz mrežu propisa Federalne Agencije za Lekove,
02:50
were these substances --
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su bile ove supstance
02:52
arsenic, thalidomide
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arsen, talidomid
02:54
and this chemical derivative
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i ovaj hemijski derivativ
02:56
of nitrogen mustard gas.
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azotnog tzv. "senfnog gasa".
02:58
And this is the 21st century.
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A ovo je 21.vek.
03:01
And so, I guess you'd say, dissatisfied
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Budući da sam bio, u najmanju ruku, nezadovoljan
03:03
with the performance and quality of these medicines,
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učinkom i kvalitetom ovih lekova,
03:05
I went back to school in chemistry
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počeo sam da učim hemiju
03:08
with the idea
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sa idejom da
03:10
that perhaps by learning the trade of discovery chemistry
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možda, učeći tehniku otkrivanja hemijskih komponenti
03:13
and approaching it in the context of this brave new world
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i pristupajući tome na način ovog vrlo novog sveta
03:16
of the open-source,
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korišćenja tzv. koncepta slobodnog pristupa
03:18
the crowd-source,
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i tzv. grupnog pristupa
03:20
the collaborative network that we have access to within academia,
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tj. kolaborativne mreže koju koristimo u naučnim institucijama,
03:23
that we might more quickly
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da bismo mogli brže
03:25
bring powerful and targeted therapies
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da ponudimo moćne i usmerene terapije
03:27
to our patients.
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našim pacijentima.
03:29
And so please consider this a work in progress,
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Molim vas da imate na umu da je ovo posao koji još traje,
03:32
but I'd like to tell you today a story
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ali bih danas želeo da vam ispričam priču
03:34
about a very rare cancer
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o vrlo retkom raku
03:36
called midline carcinoma,
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koji se zove karcinom srednje linije,
03:38
about the protein target,
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i o ciljnom proteinu,
03:40
the undruggable protein target that causes this cancer,
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proteinu za koji nema lekova
03:42
called BRD4,
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koji se naziva BRD4,
03:44
and about a molecule
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i o molekulu
03:46
developed at my lab at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
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sintetisanom u mojoj laboratoriji u Dejna Farber Kancer Institutu
03:48
called JQ1, which we affectionately named for Jun Qi,
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koji smo nazvali JQ1, u čast Džun Či,
03:51
the chemist that made this molecule.
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hemičara koji je sintetisao ovaj molekul.
03:54
Now BRD4 is an interesting protein.
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BRD4 je zanimljiv protein.
03:57
You might ask yourself, with all the things cancer's trying to do to kill our patient,
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Mogli biste da se zapitate, dok rak radi sve te stvari kojima pokušava da nam ubije pacijenta,
04:00
how does it remember it's cancer?
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kako se uopšte seti da je rak?
04:02
When it winds up its genome,
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Kada razmota svoj genom,
04:04
divides into two cells and unwinds again,
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podeli se na dve ćelije i ponovo se zamota,
04:06
why does it not turn into an eye, into a liver,
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zašto ne postane oko, ili jetra,
04:08
as it has all the genes necessary to do this?
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jer ima sve gene neophodne za to?
04:11
It remembers that it's cancer.
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Ali seća se da je rak.
04:13
And the reason is that cancer, like every cell in the body,
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Razlog je taj da rak, kao svaka ćelija u telu,
04:16
places little molecular bookmarks,
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postavlja male molekularne oznake,
04:18
little Post-it notes,
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samolepljive papiriće,
04:20
that remind the cell "I'm cancer; I should keep growing."
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koje podsećaju ćeliju, "ja sam rak, treba da nastavim da rastem."
04:23
And those Post-it notes
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Te samolepljive poruke
04:25
involve this and other proteins of its class --
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obuhvataju ovaj i druge proteine te klase,
04:27
so-called bromodomains.
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takozvane bromodomene.
04:29
So we developed an idea, a rationale,
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Mi smo razvili ideju, osnovu istraživanja,
04:32
that perhaps, if we made a molecule
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da, možda, ako bismo napravili molekul
04:34
that prevented the Post-it note from sticking
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koji bi sprečio tu poruku da se zalepi
04:36
by entering into the little pocket
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tako što bi ušao u mali džep
04:38
at the base of this spinning protein,
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u osnovi ovog proteina koji se tu obrće,
04:40
then maybe we could convince cancer cells,
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onda bismo mogli da ubedimo ćelije raka,
04:42
certainly those addicted to this BRD4 protein,
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naročito one koje su zavisne od BRD4 proteina,
04:45
that they're not cancer.
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da one nisu ćelije raka, da nisu kancer.
04:47
And so we started to work on this problem.
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Tako smo počeli da radimo na tom problemu.
04:49
We developed libraries of compounds
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Napravili smo biblioteke hemijskih jedinjenja
04:51
and eventually arrived at this and similar substances
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i, na kraju smo stigli do ove, i nekih sličnih supstanci
04:54
called JQ1.
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nazvane JQ1.
04:56
Now not being a drug company,
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Budući da nismo farmaceutska kompanija,
04:58
we could do certain things, we had certain flexibilities,
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mogli smo da radimo neke stvari, imali smo izvesnu fleksibilnost,
05:01
that I respect that a pharmaceutical industry doesn't have.
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koju farmaceutska industrija nema.
05:04
We just started mailing it to our friends.
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Jednostavno smo počeli da ovu supstancu šaljemo prijateljima.
05:06
I have a small lab.
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Moja laboratorija je mala.
05:08
We thought we'd just send it to people and see how the molecule behaves.
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Pomislili smo da samo pošaljemo ovaj molekul drugima i vidimo kako se ponaša.
05:10
And we sent it to Oxford, England
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Poslali smo ga u Oksford, u Englesku,
05:12
where a group of talented crystallographers provided this picture,
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gde je grupa talentovanih kristalografa napravila ovu sliku,
05:15
which helped us understand
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što nam je pomoglo da shvatimo
05:17
exactly how this molecule is so potent for this protein target.
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zašto je, u stvari, ovaj molekul tako efikasan za ovaj ciljani protein.
05:20
It's what we call a perfect fit
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To je ono što nazivamo savršenim uklapanjem
05:22
of shape complimentarity, or hand in glove.
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komplementarnih delova, kao ruka u rukavici.
05:24
Now this is a very rare cancer,
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Ovo je vrlo redak rak,
05:26
this BRD4-addicted cancer.
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ovaj rak zavistan od BRD4.
05:28
And so we worked with samples of material
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Radili smo sa uzorcima materijala
05:31
that were collected by young pathologists at Brigham Women's Hospital.
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koji su sakupili mladi patolozi u Brigam ženskoj bolnici.
05:34
And as we treated these cells with this molecule,
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Kada smo ove ćelije tretirali tim molekulom,
05:37
we observed something really striking.
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primetili smo nešto zaista zadivljujuće.
05:39
The cancer cells,
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Ćelije raka,
05:41
small, round and rapidly dividing,
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male, okrugle ćelije koje se brzo dele,
05:43
grew these arms and extensions.
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su formirale ove produžetke.
05:45
They were changing shape.
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Menjale su oblik.
05:47
In effect, the cancer cell
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U stvari, ćelija raka
05:49
was forgetting it was cancer
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je počela da zaboravlja da je kancerozna
05:51
and becoming a normal cell.
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i postajala je normalna ćelija.
05:54
This got us very excited.
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Bili smo veoma uzbuđeni zbog toga.
05:57
The next step would be to put this molecule into mice.
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Sledeći korak bi bio da se ovaj molekul upotrebi na miševima.
06:00
The only problem was there's no mouse model of this rare cancer.
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Jedini problem je bio što, za ovaj redak rak, nema modela na miševima.
06:03
And so at the time that we were doing this research,
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U vreme kada smo radili ovo istraživanje,
06:06
I was caring for a 29 year-old firefighter from Connecticut
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brinuo sam se o 29-godišnjem vatrogascu iz Konektikata
06:09
who was very much at the end of life
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koji je bio maltene na samrti
06:12
with this incurable cancer.
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zbog ovog neizlečivog raka.
06:14
This BRD4-addicted cancer
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Ovaj BRD4-zavisni rak
06:16
was growing throughout his left lung,
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mu je rastao kroz levo plućno krilo,
06:18
and he had a chest tube in that was draining little bits of debris.
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i imao je kateter u grudima za dreniranje otpadnih materija.
06:20
And every nursing shift
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U svakoj smeni
06:22
we would throw this material out.
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ovaj materijal se bacao.
06:24
And so we approached this patient
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Došli smo kod ovog pacijenta
06:26
and asked if he would collaborate with us.
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i pitali da li bi sarađivao sa nama.
06:28
Could we take this precious and rare cancerous material
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Da li bismo mogli da uzmemo te dragocene, retke kancerozne materije
06:32
from this chest tube
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iz grudnog katetera,
06:34
and drive it across town and put it into mice
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da ih prevezemo na drugi deo grada i ubacimo u miševe
06:36
and try to do a clinical trial
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i pokušamo da izvedemo kliničku studiju
06:38
and stage it with a prototype drug?
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i stignemo do stupnja prototipa za lek?
06:40
Well that would be impossible and, rightly, illegal to do in humans.
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To bi bilo i nemoguće i protivzakonito, s pravom, da se uradi na ljudima.
06:43
And he obliged us.
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On se složio.
06:46
At the Lurie Family Center for Animal Imaging,
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U Centru za vizuelizaciju procesa kod životinja "Porodica Luri"
06:48
my colleague, Andrew Kung, grew this cancer successfully in mice
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moj kolega, Endrju Kang, je uspešno formirao ovaj kancer kod miševa
06:51
without ever touching plastic.
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i to bez korišćenja plastike.
06:53
And you can see this PET scan of a mouse -- what we call a pet PET.
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Možete videti ovaj PET sken miša, mi ga zovemo "ljubimac PETko".
06:56
The cancer is growing
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Rak se povećava, što se vidi
06:58
as this red, huge mass in the hind limb of this animal.
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kao ova crvena, ogromna masa u zadnjoj nozi životinje.
07:01
And as we treat it with our compound,
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A kada primenimo tretman našom supstancom,
07:03
this addiction to sugar,
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ova zavisnost od šećera,
07:05
this rapid growth, faded.
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ovaj brzi rast, iščezava.
07:07
And on the animal on the right,
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I kod životinje sa desne strane,
07:09
you see that the cancer was responding.
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vidite da rak reaguje na tretman.
07:12
We've completed now clinical trials
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Sada završavamo kliničke studije
07:14
in four mouse models of this disease.
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na četiri mišja modela ove bolesti.
07:16
And every time, we see the same thing.
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Svaki put primećujemo istu stvar.
07:18
The mice with this cancer that get the drug live,
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Miševi sa rakom koji prime lek preživljavaju,
07:20
and the ones that don't rapidly perish.
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dok oni koji ne prime lek, brzo uginu.
07:25
So we started to wonder,
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Tu smo se zapitali, šta bi farmaceutska kompanija
07:27
what would a drug company do at this point?
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uradila na tom stupnju?
07:29
Well they probably would keep this a secret
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Pa, oni bi to verovatno držali u tajnosti
07:31
until they turn a prototype drug
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dok ne prevedu ovaj prototip leka
07:33
into an active pharmaceutical substance.
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u aktivnu farmaceutsku supstancu.
07:35
And so we did just the opposite.
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Mi smo uradili upravo suprotno.
07:37
We published a paper
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Objavili smo rad
07:39
that described this finding
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koji opisuje ovo otkriće
07:41
at the earliest prototype stage.
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na najranijem stupnju prototipa za lek.
07:43
We gave the world the chemical identity of this molecule,
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Dali smo celom svetu hemijski identitet
07:46
typically a secret in our discipline.
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ovog molekula, što je obično tajna u našoj oblasti.
07:48
We told people exactly how to make it.
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Tačno smo objasnili ljudima kako da ga naprave.
07:50
We gave them our email address,
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Dali smo im našu imejl adresu,
07:52
suggesting that, if they write us,
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i tako nagovestili da, ako nam pišu,
07:54
we'll send them a free molecule.
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da ćemo im besplatno poslati molekul.
07:56
We basically tried to create
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U suštini, pokušali smo da stvorimo
07:58
the most competitive environment for our lab as possible.
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najveću moguću konkurenciju našoj laboratoriji.
08:00
And this was, unfortunately, successful.
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I to nam je, na žalost, uspelo.
08:02
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
08:04
Because now when we've shared this molecule,
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Jer sada, pošto smo podelili ovaj molekul,
08:06
just since December of last year,
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samo od decembra prošle godine,
08:08
with 40 laboratories in the United States
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40 laboratorija iz SAD-a
08:10
and 30 more in Europe --
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i još 30 iz Evrope --
08:12
many of them pharmaceutical companies
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mnoge od njih su farmaceutske kompanije
08:14
seeking now to enter this space,
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sada pokušavaju da uđu u ovu oblast,
08:16
to target this rare cancer
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usmerenu na ovaj retki rak
08:18
that, thankfully right now,
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koji je, upravo sada, na sreću,sasvim poželjna
08:20
is quite desirable to study in that industry.
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tema za ispitivanje u toj industriji.
08:24
But the science that's coming back from all of these laboratories
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Ali naučni podaci, koji zauzvrat, stižu iz
08:27
about the use of this molecule
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svih tih laboratorija o primeni ovog molekula
08:29
has provided us insights
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pružaju nam uvid, koji možda nikada
08:31
that we might not have had on our own.
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ne bismo imali da smo radili sami.
08:33
Leukemia cells treated with this compound
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Ćelije leukemije tretirane ovim jedinjenjem
08:35
turn into normal white blood cells.
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postaju normalna bela krvna zrnca.
08:38
Mice with multiple myeloma,
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Miševi sa višestrukim mijelomima,
08:40
an incurable malignancy of the bone marrow,
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neizlečivim malignitetom koštane srži,
08:43
respond dramatically
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reaguju vrlo dramatično
08:45
to the treatment with this drug.
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na tretman ovim lekom.
08:47
You might know that fat has memory.
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Možda znate da masno tkivo može da pamti.
08:49
Nice to be able to demonstrate that for you.
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Baš lepo što mogu to da vam demonstriram.
08:53
And in fact, this molecule
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I, zapravo, ovaj molekul
08:55
prevents this adipocyte, this fat stem cell,
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sprečava taj adipocit, tu masnu matičnu ćeliju.
08:58
from remembering how to make fat
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da se seti kako da pravi mast
09:01
such that mice on a high fat diet,
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tako da miševi sa ishranom bogatom mastima,
09:03
like the folks in my hometown of Chicago,
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kao što jedu ljudi u mom rodnom gradu Čikagu,
09:06
fail to develop fatty liver,
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ipak ne razvijaju tzv. "masnu jetru",
09:08
which is a major medical problem.
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što, inače, predstavlja veliki medicinski problem.
09:11
What this research taught us --
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Ono što smo naučili iz ovog istraživanja
09:13
not just my lab, but our institute,
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ne samo moja laboratorija, nego naš institut,
09:15
and Harvard Medical School more generally --
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i generalno, ceo Harvard medicinski fakultet,
09:17
is that we have unique resources in academia
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je da imamo posebne
09:19
for drug discovery --
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akademske resurse za otkrivanje lekova
09:21
that our center
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i to da naš centar, koji je,
09:23
that has tested perhaps more cancer molecules in a scientific way
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ispitao više kancer-molekula,
09:25
than any other,
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na naučni način, nego bilo koji drugi,
09:27
never made one of its own.
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nije nikada napravio nijedan sopstveni.
09:29
For all the reasons you see listed here,
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Iz svih ovih razloga koje vidite ovde navedene,
09:31
we think there's a great opportunity for academic centers
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mislimo da postoji odlična prilika za akademske centre
09:34
to participate in this earliest, conceptually-tricky
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da učestvuju u ovoj mladoj, konceptualno nedefinisanoj
09:37
and creative discipline
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i kreativnoj disciplini
09:40
of prototype drug discovery.
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pronalaženja prototipova za lekove.
09:44
So what next?
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I šta dalje?
09:46
We have this molecule, but it's not a pill yet.
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Imamo ovaj molekul, ali to još nije pilula.
09:48
It's not orally available.
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Ne može se uzimati oralnim putem.
09:51
We need to fix it, so that we can deliver it to our patients.
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Moramo to da sredimo, da bismo mogli da ga dajemo našim pacijentima.
09:54
And everyone in the lab,
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Svi u laboratoriji se,
09:56
especially following the interaction with these patients,
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naročito posle kontakta sa ovim pacijentima,
09:58
feels quite compelled
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osećaju posebno motivisani
10:00
to deliver a drug substance based on this molecule.
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da naprave lek baziran na ovom molekulu.
10:02
It's here where I have to say
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Ovo je trenutak kad moram da kažem
10:04
that we could use your help and your insights,
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da nam treba vaša pomoć i vaša pronicljivost,
10:06
your collaborative participation.
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vaše kolaborativno učestvovanje.
10:08
Unlike a drug company,
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Za razliku od farmaceutske kompanije,
10:10
we don't have a pipeline that we can deposit these molecules into.
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mi nemamo proizvodnu liniju u koju možemo ubaciti ove molekule.
10:13
We don't have a team of salespeople and marketeers
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Nemamo tim prodavaca i snabdevača
10:16
that can tell us how to position this drug against the other.
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koji nam mogu reći kako da postavimo ovaj lek u odnosu na druge.
10:19
What we do have is the flexibility of an academic center
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Ono što mi imamo je fleksibilnost akademskog centra
10:21
to work with competent, motivated,
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u radu sa kompetentnim, motivisanim,
10:24
enthusiastic, hopefully well-funded people
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ljudima sa puno entuzijazma i sa, nadajmo se, puno novca,
10:27
to carry these molecules forward into the clinic
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da ove molekule prenesu do kliničke upotrebe,
10:29
while preserving our ability
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pri tome čuvajući sposobnost za razmenu
10:31
to share the prototype drug worldwide.
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prototipova lekova među naučnicima širom sveta.
10:34
This molecule will soon leave our benches
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Ovaj molekul će uskoro izaći iz laboratorije
10:36
and go into a small startup company
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i otići u malu novo-formiranu kompaniju
10:38
called Tensha Therapeutics.
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pod nazivom "Tenša Terapije".
10:40
And really this is the fourth of these molecules
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Zapravo, to je četvrti od ovih molekula, koji,
10:43
to kind of graduate from our little pipeline of drug discovery,
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na neki način, maturira iz naše male produkcije novih lekova,
10:46
two of which -- a topical drug
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od koji će dva -- topični lek
10:49
for lymphoma of the skin,
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za kožne limfome,
10:52
an oral substance for the treatment of multiple myeloma --
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i oralna supstanca za tretman višestrukih mijeloma
10:55
will actually come to the bedside
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zaista i stići do bolnica
10:57
for first clinical trial in July of this year.
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za prvu kliničku studiju u julu ove godine.
10:59
For us, a major and exciting milestone.
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Za nas, to je veliko i uzbudljivo dostignuće.
11:03
I want to leave you with just two ideas.
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Za kraj, želim da vam prenesem ove dve ideje.
11:05
The first is
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Prva je to da, ako je išta
11:07
if anything is unique about this research,
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specifično u vezi sa ovim istraživanjem,
11:10
it's less the science than the strategy --
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to je manje naučne, a više strateške prirode
11:12
that this for us was a social experiment,
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za nas je ovo bio društveni eksperiment,
11:14
an experiment in what would happen
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o tome šta se dešava
11:17
if we were as open and honest
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kada pokušamo da budemo otvoreni i iskreni,
11:20
at the earliest phase of discovery chemistry research
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u najranijoj fazi istraživanja hemijskog otkrivanja lekova,
11:22
as we could be.
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i to u najvećoj mogućoj meri.
11:24
This string of letters and numbers
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Ovaj niz slova i brojeva,
11:26
and symbols and parentheses
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simbola i zagrada, koji mislim da može
11:28
that can be texted, I suppose,
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da se pošalje SMS porukom,
11:30
or Twittered worldwide,
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ili preko Tvitera, širom sveta,
11:32
is the chemical identity of our pro compound.
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je hemijski identitet našeg prototip-jedinjenja.
11:35
It's the information that we most need
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Informacija koja nam najviše treba
11:37
from pharmaceutical companies,
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od farmaceutskih kompanija,
11:39
the information
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informacija o tome kako
11:41
on how these early prototype drugs might work.
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ovi rani prototipovi lekova mogu da rade.
11:44
Yet this information is largely a secret.
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A ipak, ova informacija je najčešće tajna.
11:47
And so we seek really
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Mi zapravo težimo tome,
11:49
to download from the amazing successes
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da primenimo neverovatne uspehe
11:51
of the computer science industry two principles:
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2 principa informatičke industrije:
11:54
that of opensource and that of crowdsourcing
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tzv. "slobodnog pristupa" i tzv. "grupnog pristupa"
11:57
to quickly, responsibly
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da bismo efikasno i odgovorno
12:01
accelerate the delivery of targeted therapeutics
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ubrzali proces dopremanja ciljanih terapija
12:04
to patients with cancer.
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do pacijenata sa rakom.
12:06
Now the business model involves all of you.
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I taj poslovni model uključuje sve vas.
12:09
This research is funded by the public.
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Ovo istraživanje je finansirano od strane celog društva.
12:11
It's funded by foundations.
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Finansiraju ga fondacije.
12:13
And one thing I've learned in Boston
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Jednu stvar sam naučio u Bostonu, a to je,
12:15
is that you people will do anything for cancer -- and I love that.
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da će građani Bostona uraditi sve za kancer, i to mi se jako sviđa.
12:17
You bike across the state. You walk up and down the river.
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Vozite bicikl preko cele države. Idete u organizovane šetnje celom dužinom reke.
12:20
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
12:22
I've never seen really anywhere
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Zaista, nigde do sada nisam video
12:24
this unique support
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ovako jedinstvenu podršku
12:26
for cancer research.
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istraživanjima raka.
12:28
And so I want to thank you
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Zato bih želeo da vam zahvalim
12:30
for your participation, your collaboration
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za učestvovanje, vašu saradnju
12:33
and most of all for your confidence in our ideas.
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i, pre svega, za poverenje u naše ideje.
12:36
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jay Bradner - Research scientistIn his lab, Jay Bradner, a researcher at Harvard and Dana Farber in Boston, works on a breakthrough approach for subverting cancer .. and he’s giving the secret away.
Why you should listen
A doctor and a chemist, Jay Bradner hunts for new approaches to solving cancer. As a research scientist and instructor in medicine at Harvard and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, he and his lab are working to subvert cancer's aggressive behavior by reprogramming the cell's fundamental identity. A molecule they're working on, JQ1, might do just that. (And he’s giving it away in order to spur faster open-source drug discovery.) If you're a researcher who'd like a sample of the JQ1 molecule, contact the Bradner Lab.
Jay Bradner | Speaker | TED.com