TEDGlobal 2012
Beau Lotto + Amy O'Toole: Science is for everyone, kids included
Bou Loto i Ejmi O'Tul (Beau Lotto + Amy O'Toole): Nauka je za svakoga, uključujući i decu
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,504,898 views
Šta imaju zajedničko nauka i igra? Neuronaučnik Bou Loto smatra da bi svi ljudi (uključujući i decu) trebalo da učestvuju u nauci i da, kroz proces otkrića, menjaju svoj pogled na nauku. Njemu pomaže 12-godišnja Ejmi O'Tul, koja je, zajedno sa 25 učenika iz razreda, objavila prvi članak koji su napisali osnovnoškolaca i pregledali naučnici, o projektu Blekaton pčela. Članak počinje sa: "Nekada davno..."
Beau Lotto - Neuroscientist, Artist
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system. Full bioAmy O'Toole - Student
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student who helped run a science experiment inspired by Beau Lotto's participative science approach. At age 10 she became one of the youngest people ever to publish a peer-reviewed science paper. Full bio
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system. Full bioAmy O'Toole - Student
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student who helped run a science experiment inspired by Beau Lotto's participative science approach. At age 10 she became one of the youngest people ever to publish a peer-reviewed science paper. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Beau Lotto: So, this game is very simple.
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Ova igra je jako jednostavna.
00:19
All you have to do is read what you see. Right?
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Sve što treba da uradite je da čitate šta vidite. U redu?
00:23
So, I'm going to count to you, so we don't all do it together.
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Brojaću vam, tako da možemo čitati svi zajedno.
00:26
Okay, one, two, three.Audience: Can you read this?
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Jedan, dva, tri.
Publika: Možete li ovo pročitati?
Publika: Možete li ovo pročitati?
00:29
BL: Amazing. What about this one? One, two, three.Audience: You are not reading this.
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Bl: Odlično. A ovo? Jedan, dva, tri.
Publika: Ne čitate ovo.
Publika: Ne čitate ovo.
00:33
BL: All right. One, two, three. (Laughter)
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BL. U redu. Jedan, dva, tri.
00:38
If you were Portuguese, right? How about this one? One, two, three.
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Možda da ste Portugalci. A ovo?
Jedan, dva, tri.
Jedan, dva, tri.
00:43
Audience: What are you reading?
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Publika: Šta čitate?
00:45
BL: What are you reading? There are no words there.
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BL: Šta čitate? Ovde nema reči.
00:49
I said, read what you're seeing. Right?
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Rekao sam da čitate šta vidite, zar ne?
00:51
It literally says, "Wat ar ou rea in?" (Laughter) Right?
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Doslovno piše: "Wat ar ou rea in?"
Zar ne?
Zar ne?
00:55
That's what you should have said. Right? Why is this?
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To ste trebali reći. Zašto je to tako?
00:59
It's because perception is grounded in our experience.
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Zato što se moć opažanja zasniva na našem iskustvu.
01:02
Right? The brain takes meaningless information
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Mozak uzima beskorisne informacije
01:05
and makes meaning out of it, which means we never see
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i daje im značaj, što znači da nikada ne vidimo
01:08
what's there, we never see information,
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ono što postoji, nikad ne vidimo informaciju,
01:11
we only ever see what was useful to see in the past.
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samo vidimo ono što nam je bilo korisno u prošlosti.
01:14
All right? Which means, when it comes to perception,
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Što znači, govoreći o moći opažanja,
01:17
we're all like this frog.
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mi smo kao ova žaba.
01:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:24
Right? It's getting information. It's generating behavior
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Dobija informaciju i ponaša se na način
01:28
that's useful. (Laughter)
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koji joj je koristan.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:39
(Video) Man: Ow! Ow! (Laughter) (Applause)
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(Video) Čovek: Au! Au! (Smeh) (Aplauz)
01:45
BL: And sometimes, when things don't go our way,
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BL: I ponekad, kada stvari ne idu onako kako bismo želeli,
01:48
we get a little bit annoyed, right?
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uznemirimo se, zar ne?
01:50
But we're talking about perception here, right?
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Ali razgovaramo o moći opažanja
01:53
And perception underpins everything we think, we know,
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i moć opažanja opravdava sve što mislimo, znamo,
01:57
we believe, our hopes, our dreams, the clothes we wear,
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verujemo, naše želje, snove, odeću koju nosimo,
02:00
falling in love, everything begins with perception.
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zaljubljivanje, sve počinje opažanjem.
02:04
Now if perception is grounded in our history, it means
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Ako je moć opažanja utemeljena u našoj prošlosti, znači
02:07
we're only ever responding according to what we've done before.
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da odgovaramo samo na osnovu onoga što smo radili pre.
02:10
But actually, it's a tremendous problem,
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Ali ustvari, to je ogroman problem,
02:13
because how can we ever see differently?
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jer kako onda da ikada gledamo drugačije?
02:17
Now, I want to tell you a story about seeing differently,
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Sada ću vam ispričati priču o gledanju na drugačiji način,
02:21
and all new perceptions begin in the same way.
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i sva opažanja počinu na isti način.
02:25
They begin with a question.
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Počinju pitanjem.
02:28
The problem with questions is they create uncertainty.
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Problem sa pitanjima je to što ona stvaraju nesigurnost.
02:31
Now, uncertainty is a very bad thing. It's evolutionarily
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Nesigurnost je loša. Evolucijski je
02:34
a bad thing. If you're not sure that's a predator, it's too late.
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jako loša stvar. Ako niste sigurni
da je to grabljivac, prekasno je.
da je to grabljivac, prekasno je.
02:37
Okay? (Laughter)
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Zar ne? (Smeh)
02:39
Even seasickness is a consequence of uncertainty.
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Čak je i morska bolest posledica nesigurnosti.
02:42
Right? If you go down below on a boat, your inner ears
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Kada ste na brodu, vaše unutrašnje uho
02:44
are you telling you you're moving. Your eyes, because
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vam govori da se krećete. Vaše oči, zato što
02:46
it's moving in register with the boat, say I'm standing still.
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se kreću zajedno sa brodom, kažu vam da stojite.
02:48
Your brain cannot deal with the uncertainty of that information, and it gets ill.
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Vaš mozak se razboli zato što
ne može da se nosi sa nesigurnošću.
ne može da se nosi sa nesigurnošću.
02:53
The question "why?" is one of the most dangerous things you can do,
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Pitanje "zašto?" je jedna od najopasnijih stvari
koje možete uraditi,
koje možete uraditi,
02:57
because it takes you into uncertainty.
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zato što stvara nesigurnost.
03:00
And yet, the irony is, the only way we can ever
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Ali ipak, ironično je što je jedini način da uradimo
03:03
do anything new is to step into that space.
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nešto novo taj da zakoračimo u nepoznato.
03:06
So how can we ever do anything new? Well fortunately,
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Kako možemo ikada da uradimo nešto novo?
03:10
evolution has given us an answer, right?
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Na sreću, evolucija nam je dala odgovor.
03:13
And it enables us to address even the most difficult
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I omogućuje nam da govorimo i o najtežim pitanjima.
03:17
of questions. The best questions are the ones that create the most uncertainty.
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Najbolja pitanja su ona koja stvaraju najviše nesigurnosti.
03:22
They're the ones that question the things we think to be true already. Right?
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To su ona koja preispituju stvari
koje mislimo da već znamo.
koje mislimo da već znamo.
03:25
It's easy to ask questions about how did life begin,
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Lako je postavljati pitanja o nastanku života
03:27
or what extends beyond the universe, but to question what you think to be true already
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ili šta se nalazi izvan poznatog svemira,
ali preispitivanje stvari koje mislimo da već znamo
ali preispitivanje stvari koje mislimo da već znamo
03:31
is really stepping into that space.
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je zapravo koračanje u nepoznato.
03:34
So what is evolution's answer to the problem of uncertainty?
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Šta je evolucijski odgovor na problem nesigurnosti?
03:39
It's play.
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To je igranje.
03:40
Now play is not simply a process. Experts in play will tell you
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Igranje nije jednostavna stvar.
Profesionalci u igranju vam kažu
Profesionalci u igranju vam kažu
03:45
that actually it's a way of being.
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da je to u stvari način života.
03:47
Play is one of the only human endeavors where uncertainty
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Igranje je jedno od jedinih ljudskih napora
gde se nesigurnost podstiče.
gde se nesigurnost podstiče.
03:50
is actually celebrated. Uncertainty is what makes play fun.
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Nesigurnost donosi zabavu u igranje.
03:54
Right? It's adaptable to change. Right? It opens possibility,
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Prilagođava se promenama, otvara mogućnosti
03:59
and it's cooperative. It's actually how we do our social bonding,
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i kooperativno je. To je način na koji se
međusobno zbližavamo
međusobno zbližavamo
04:03
and it's intrinsically motivated. What that means
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i suštinski je motivator. To znači
04:04
is that we play to play. Play is its own reward.
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da se igramo da bismo se igrali.
Igranje je samo sebi nagrada.
Igranje je samo sebi nagrada.
04:09
Now if you look at these five ways of being,
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Ako pogledate ovih 5 načina postojanja,
04:13
these are the exact same ways of being you need
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to su iste stvari koje su vam potrebne
04:16
in order to be a good scientist.
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kako biste bili dobar naučnik.
04:18
Science is not defined by the method section of a paper.
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Nauka nije definisana pravilima na papiru.
04:21
It's actually a way of being, which is here, and this is true
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Ona je u stvari način razmišljanja i to je istina
04:24
for anything that is creative.
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za sve kreativne stvari.
04:27
So if you add rules to play, you have a game.
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Ako dodate pravila igranju, dobijete igru.
04:31
That's actually what an experiment is.
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To je u stvari suština eksperimenta.
04:34
So armed with these two ideas,
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Naoružani ovim dvema idejama,
04:35
that science is a way of being and experiments are play,
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da je nauka način razmišljanja i da su eksperimenti igre,
04:40
we asked, can anyone become a scientist?
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pitali smo, da li bilo ko može postati naučnik?
04:43
And who better to ask than 25 eight- to 10-year-old children?
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Koga bolje da pitamo nego 25 dece 8-10 godina?
04:47
Because they're experts in play. So I took my bee arena
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Oni su profesionalci u igranju. Svoje istraživanje
04:50
down to a small school in Devon, and the aim of this
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sam odveo u malu školu u Devonu, cilj je bio ne samo
04:54
was to not just get the kids to see science differently,
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da nateramo decu da gledaju na nauku drugačije,
04:58
but, through the process of science, to see themselves differently. Right?
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već i da kroz proces nauke, gledaju i na sebe drugačije.
05:03
The first step was to ask a question.
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Prvi korak je da postavimo pitanje.
05:06
Now, I should say that we didn't get funding for this study
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Moram napomenuti da nismo dobili
novčana sredstva za istraživanje
novčana sredstva za istraživanje
05:09
because the scientists said small children couldn't make
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jer su naučnici smatrali da mala deca ne mogu
05:12
a useful contribution to science, and the teachers said kids couldn't do it.
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doprineti nauci, što su potvrdili i učitelji.
05:17
So we did it anyway. Right? Of course.
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Ali mi smo to učinili bez obzira na sve.
05:20
So, here are some of the questions. I put them in small print
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Ovo su neka od pitanja, smanjio sam ih da
05:23
so you wouldn't bother reading it. Point is that five of the questions that the kids came up with
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ih ne morate čitati. Poenta je da 5 pitanja
koja su deca smislila
koja su deca smislila
05:28
were actually the basis of science publication the last five to 15 years. Right?
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su ustvari osnova naučnih članaka
poslednjih 5 do 15 godina.
poslednjih 5 do 15 godina.
05:32
So they were asking questions that were significant
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Oni su postavljali pitanja koja su bila bitna
05:35
to expert scientists.
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naučnicima.
05:37
Now here, I want to share the stage with someone quite special. Right?
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Želeo bih sada da podelim binu sa posebnim gostom.
05:41
She was one of the young people who was involved in this study,
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Ona je bila jedna od mladih ljudi
koji su bili uključeni u istraživanje
koji su bili uključeni u istraživanje
05:44
and she's now one of the youngest published scientists
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i ona je jedna od najmlađih autora naučnih članaka
05:46
in the world. Right? She will now, once she comes onto stage,
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na svetu. Ona će, sada kada se popne na binu,
05:50
will be the youngest person to ever speak at TED. Right?
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biti najmlađi govornik na TED-u do sada.
05:54
Now, science and asking questions is about courage.
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Nauka i postavljanje pitanja je stvar hrabrosti.
05:56
Now she is the personification of courage, because she's
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Ona je oličenje hrabrosti, zato što
06:00
going to stand up here and talk to you all.
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će sada ustati i i govoriti pred svima vama.
06:01
So Amy, would you please come up? (Applause)
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Ejmi, molim te pridruži mi se. (Aplauz)
06:06
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:14
So Amy's going to help me tell the story of what we call
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Ejmi će mi pomoći da vam ispričam priču
06:16
the Blackawton Bees Project, and first she's going to tell you
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o projektu Blekaton pčela, ali prvo će vam reći
06:19
the question that they came up with. So go ahead, Amy.
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o pitanjima koja su oni smislili. Izvoli, Ejmi.
06:21
Amy O'Toole: Thank you, Beau. We thought
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Ejmi O'Tul: Hvala Bou. Mislili smo
06:23
that it was easy to see the link between humans and apes
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da je lako pronaći vezu između ljudi i majmuna
06:26
in the way that we think, because we look alike.
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u našem načinu razmišljanja, zato što smo slični.
06:29
But we wondered if there's a possible link
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Ali mi smo se pitali da li je moguće pronaći vezu
06:32
with other animals. It'd be amazing if humans and bees
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i sa drugim životinjama. Bilo bi zapanjujuće
kada bi ljudi i pčele
kada bi ljudi i pčele
06:37
thought similar, since they seem so different from us.
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razmišljali na isti način,
jer su toliko različite od nas.
jer su toliko različite od nas.
06:41
So we asked if humans and bees might solve
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Pitali smo se da li bi ljudi i pčele rešavali
06:44
complex problems in the same way.
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složene probleme na isti način.
06:46
Really, we wanted to know if bees can also adapt
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Ustvari smo hteli saznati da li se i pčele mogu
06:50
themselves to new situations using previously learned rules
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prilagoditi novim situacijama koristeći
prethodno naučena pravila
prethodno naučena pravila
06:53
and conditions. So what if bees can think like us?
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i uslove. Šta ako pčele razmišljaju kao i mi?
06:58
Well, it'd be amazing, since we're talking about an insect
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Bilo bi to zapanjujuće, s obzirom da govorimo o insektu
07:00
with only one million brain cells.
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sa samo milion moždanih ćelija.
07:03
But it actually makes a lot of sense they should,
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Ipak ima smisla da je tako,
07:05
because bees, like us, can recognize a good flower
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jer pčele, kao i mi, mogu prepoznati dobar cvet
07:08
regardless of the time of day, the light, the weather,
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bez obzira na doba dana, svetlo, vreme
07:12
or from any angle they approach it from. (Applause)
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ili ugao iz kojeg prilaze cvetu. (Aplauz)
07:17
BL: So the next step was to design an experiment,
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BL: Sledeći korak je bio da stvorimo eksperiment,
07:21
which is a game. So the kids went off and they designed
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koji je igra. Deca su napravila
07:24
this experiment, and so -- well, game -- and so,
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ovaj eksperiment, zapravo igru, pa
07:28
Amy, can you tell us what the game was,
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Ejmi, možeš li nam reći kakva je to igra bila
07:29
and the puzzle that you set the bees?
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i kakvu ste zagonetku postavili pčelama?
07:31
AO: The puzzle we came up with was an if-then rule.
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AO: Zagonetka koju smo smislili je bila ako-onda pravilo.
07:34
We asked the bees to learn not just to go to a certain color,
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Postavili smo zadatak pčelama da nauče
ne samo da odu do cveta sa određenom bojom,
ne samo da odu do cveta sa određenom bojom,
07:38
but to a certain color flower only
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nego do cveta sa određenom bojom
07:41
when it's in a certain pattern.
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kada je ona u određenom uzorku.
07:42
They were only rewarded if they went to the yellow flowers
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Bile su nagrađivane samo kada su otišle do žutih cvetova
07:46
if the yellow flowers were surrounded by the blue,
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ako su žuti cvetovi bili okruženi plavim
07:49
or if the blue flowers were surrounded by the yellow.
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ili ako su plavi cvetovi bili okruženi žutim.
07:52
Now there's a number of different rules the bees can learn
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Postoji određen broj pravila koji pčele mogu naučiti
07:55
to solve this puzzle. The interesting question is, which?
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da reše ovaj zadatak. Zanimljivo pitanje je, koja su to?
07:58
What was really exciting about this project was we,
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Ono što je bilo posebno zanimljivo jeste to što Bou i mi
08:01
and Beau, had no idea whether it would work.
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nismo znali da li će ova ideja uroditi plodom.
08:03
It was completely new, and no one had done it before,
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Bila je potpuno nova i niko je nikada nije probao,
08:06
including adults. (Laughter)
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uključujući odrasle. (Smeh)
08:09
BL: Including the teachers, and that was really hard for the teachers.
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BL: Uključujući učitelje i to je bilo jako teško za učitelje.
08:13
It's easy for a scientist to go in and not have a clue what he's doing,
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Lako je kada naučnik uđe i nema pojma o tome šta radi,
08:16
because that's what we do in the lab, but for a teacher
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zato što je to ono što mi radimo u laboratoriji, ali za učitelja
08:18
not to know what's going to happen at the end of the day --
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nije lako da ne zna šta će se dogoditi na kraju -
08:20
so much of the credit goes to Dave Strudwick, who was
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dobar deo zasluga ide Dejvu Strudviku, koji je bio
08:22
the collaborator on this project. Okay?
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saradnik na ovom projektu.
08:25
So I'm not going to go through the whole details of the study
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Neću da ulazim u sve detalje vezane za istraživanje
08:27
because actually you can read about it, but the next step
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zato što ih možete i sami pročitati, sledeći korak je
08:30
is observation. So here are some of the students
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posmatranje. Ovo su neki od učenika
08:34
doing the observations. They're recording the data
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koji su vršili posmatranje. Sakupljaju podatke
08:36
of where the bees fly.
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o letu pčela.
08:41
(Video) Dave Strudwick: So what we're going to do —Student: 5C.
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(Video) Dejv Strudvik: Ono što ćemo uraditi sledeće je...
Učenik: 5C.
Učenik: 5C.
08:43
Dave Strudwick: Is she still going up here?Student: Yeah.
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Dejv Strudvik: Da li još uvek ide tamo? Učenik: Da.
08:47
Dave Strudwick: So you keep track of each.Student: Henry, can you help me here?
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Dejv Strudvik: Vodiš računa o putanji svake pčele.
Učenik: Henri, možeš li mi pomoći?
Učenik: Henri, možeš li mi pomoći?
08:51
BL: "Can you help me, Henry?" What good scientist says that, right?
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BL: "Možeš li mi pomoći, Henri?"
Koji dobar naučnik to kaže?
Koji dobar naučnik to kaže?
08:54
Student: There's two up there.
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Učenik: Eno ih dve gore.
08:59
And three in here.
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I tri ovde.
09:02
BL: Right? So we've got our observations. We've got our data.
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BL: Imamo naša zapažanja, imamo podatke.
09:04
They do the simple mathematics, averaging, etc., etc.
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Rade jednostavnu matematiku, nalaze prosek itd.
09:08
And now we want to share. That's the next step.
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Sada želimo da podelimo naša zapažanja.
To je sledeći korak.
To je sledeći korak.
09:10
So we're going to write this up and try to submit this
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Sada ćemo da ih napišemo i pokušamo
09:11
for publication. Right? So we have to write it up.
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da objavimo članak. Moramo ga napisati.
09:14
So we go, of course, to the pub. All right? (Laughter)
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Naravno, odlazimo u kafić, zar ne? (Smeh)
09:19
The one on the left is mine, okay? (Laughter)
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Leva je moja, u redu? (Smeh)
09:21
Now, I tell them, a paper has four different sections:
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Ja im kažem da članak mora imati 4 dela:
09:23
an introduction, a methods, a results, a discussion.
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uvod, metode, ishod i diskusiju.
09:26
The introduction says, what's the question and why?
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Uvod nam govori koje je pitanje i zašto?
09:28
Methods, what did you do? Results, what was the observation?
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Metode nam govore šta smo radili.
Ishod govori o rezultatu zapažanja.
Ishod govori o rezultatu zapažanja.
09:31
And the discussion is, who cares? Right?
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A diskusija je... koga briga. Je l' tako?
09:34
That's a science paper, basically. (Laughter)
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To je osnova naučnog članka. (Smeh)
09:36
So the kids give me the words, right? I put it into a narrative,
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Deca mi govore reči, ja ih sastavljam
09:41
which means that this paper is written in kidspeak.
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što znači da je članak u stvari pisan dečijim rečima.
09:44
It's not written by me. It's written by Amy
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Nisam ga ja pisao. Pisali su ga Ejmi
09:46
and the other students in the class. As a consequence,
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i ostali učenici u razredu. Kao posledica toga,
09:50
this science paper begins, "Once upon a time ... " (Laughter)
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članak počinje: "Nekada davno... "
09:56
The results section, it says: "Training phase, the puzzle ... duh duh duuuuuhhh." Right? (Laughter)
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U delu o ishodu stoji: "Faza treninga, zagonetka...
ta ta taaaaaa" (Smeh)
ta ta taaaaaa" (Smeh)
10:01
And the methods, it says, "Then we put the bees
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U delu o metodama piše: "Zatim stavimo pčele
10:03
into the fridge (and made bee pie)," smiley face. Right? (Laughter)
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u frižider (i napravili pitu od pčela) ", smajli. (Smeh)
10:06
This is a science paper. We're going to try to get it published.
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Ovo je naučni članak. Pokušaćemo da ga objavimo.
10:10
So here's the title page. We have a number of authors there.
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Ovo je naslovna strana. Imamo mnogo autora.
10:13
All the ones in bold are eight to 10 years old.
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Oni podebljani imaju 8-10 godina.
10:16
The first author is Blackawton Primary School, because
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Prvi autor je Blekaton osnovna škola, zato što
10:18
if it were ever referenced, it would be "Blackawton et al,"
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da je ikada bila spomenuta,
bilo bi to kao "Blekaton et al",
bilo bi to kao "Blekaton et al",
10:21
and not one individual. So we submit it to a public access journal,
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a ne posebno. Poslali smo članak novinama
sa javnim pristupom
sa javnim pristupom
10:24
and it says this. It said many things, but it said this.
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i odgovor, između ostalog, kaže:
10:28
"I'm afraid the paper fails our initial quality control checks in several different ways." (Laughter)
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"Bojimo se da članak, na mnogo načina, ne podleže potrebnim kriterijumima". (Smeh)
10:32
In other words, it starts off "once upon a time,"
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Drugim rečima, počinje sa "nekada davno",
10:34
the figures are in crayon, etc. (Laughter)
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brojke su obojene itd. (Smeh)
10:37
So we said, we'll get it reviewed. So I sent it to Dale Purves,
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Odlučili smo da ga kritički ocenimo.
Poslao sam ga Dejlu Purvisu,
Poslao sam ga Dejlu Purvisu,
10:41
who is at the National Academy of Science, one of the leading neuroscientists in the world,
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koji radi u Nacionaloj akademiji nauke,
jedan je od vodećih neuronaučnika u svetu,
jedan je od vodećih neuronaučnika u svetu,
10:45
and he says, "This is the most original science paper I have ever read" — (Laughter) —
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i on je rekao: "Ovo je jedan od najoriginalnijih članaka
koje sam ikada pročitao" - (Smeh) -
koje sam ikada pročitao" - (Smeh) -
10:48
"and it certainly deserves wide exposure."
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"i zasigurno zaslužuje široku publiku".
10:50
Larry Maloney, expert in vision, says, "The paper is magnificent.
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Leri Maloni, ekspert u oftalmologiji,
rekao je: "Članak je odličan.
rekao je: "Članak je odličan.
10:54
The work would be publishable if done by adults."
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Rad bi bio objavljen da su ga uradili odrasli."
10:58
So what did we do? We send it back to the editor.
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I šta smo sledeće uradili?
Poslali smo ga nazad uredniku.
Poslali smo ga nazad uredniku.
11:00
They say no.
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Oni su rekli: "Ne".
11:01
So we asked Larry and Natalie Hempel to write
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Pitali smo Lerija i Natali Hempel da napišu
11:04
a commentary situating the findings for scientists, right,
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tumačenje istraživanja za naučnike,
11:08
putting in the references, and we submit it to Biology Letters.
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stavljajući napomene i poslali smo ga
u časopis Biology Letters.
u časopis Biology Letters.
11:12
And there, it was reviewed by five independent referees,
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I tamo ga je pregledalo 5 nezavisnih sudija
11:15
and it was published. Okay? (Applause)
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i objavljen je. Ok? (Aplauz)
11:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
11:26
It took four months to do the science,
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Bilo je potrebno 4 meseca za istraživanje,
11:29
two years to get it published. (Laughter)
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a 2 godine da ga objavimo. (Smeh)
11:32
Typical science, actually, right? So this makes Amy and
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Tipična nauka, zar ne? To čini Ejmi
11:37
her friends the youngest published scientists in the world.
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i njene prijatelje najmlađim autorima
naučnih članaka na svetu.
naučnih članaka na svetu.
11:39
What was the feedback like?
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Kakav je bio odgovor?
11:41
Well, it was published two days before Christmas,
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Članak je objavljen 2 dana pre Božića,
11:44
downloaded 30,000 times in the first day, right?
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preuzet je 30.000 puta u prvom danu.
11:48
It was the Editors' Choice in Science, which is a top science magazine.
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Bio je "Izbor urednika" u Science,
koji je najbolji naučni časopis.
koji je najbolji naučni časopis.
11:52
It's forever freely accessible by Biology Letters.
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Moguće mu je besplatno pristupiti preko Biology Letters.
11:55
It's the only paper that will ever be freely accessible by this journal.
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To je jedini članak ovog časopisa
kojem će biti moguće besplatno pristupiti.
kojem će biti moguće besplatno pristupiti.
11:58
Last year, it was the second-most downloaded paper
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Prošle godine, bio je drugi po broju
reuzimanja od članaka
reuzimanja od članaka
12:01
by Biology Letters, and the feedback from not just scientists
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u Biology Letters i dobili smo povratnu informaciju
ne samo od naučnika
ne samo od naučnika
12:05
and teachers but the public as well.
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nego i učitelja i šire javnosti takođe.
12:08
And I'll just read one.
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Pročitaću jedan odgovor.
12:09
"I have read 'Blackawton Bees' recently. I don't have
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"Pročitao sam Blekaton pčele". Nemam prave reči
12:12
words to explain exactly how I am feeling right now.
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da izrazim svoja trenutna osećanja.
12:14
What you guys have done is real, true and amazing.
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To što ste vi uradili je realno, istinito i zapanjujuće.
12:17
Curiosity, interest, innocence and zeal are the most basic
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Radoznalost, interes, bezazlenost i predanost su osnovne
12:20
and most important things to do science.
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i najvažnije stvari u nauci.
12:22
Who else can have these qualities more than children?
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Ko drugi ima ove kvalitete više od dece?
12:24
Please congratulate your children's team from my side."
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Molim vas čestitajte vašem timu dece u moje ime."
12:28
So I'd like to conclude with a physical metaphor.
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Želim da završim sa fizičkom metaforom.
12:31
Can I do it on you? (Laughter)
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Da li to mogu uraditi na Vama?
12:34
Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, come on. Yeah yeah. Okay.
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Oh, 'ajde.. Da, da. Okej.
12:37
Now, science is about taking risks, so this is an incredible risk, right? (Laughter)
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U nauci morate rizikovati, a ovo je
neverovatan rizik, zar ne? (Smeh)
neverovatan rizik, zar ne? (Smeh)
12:42
For me, not for him. Right? Because we've only done this once before. (Laughter)
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Za mene, ne za njega. Ovo smo uradili
samo jednom pre. (Smeh)
samo jednom pre. (Smeh)
12:48
And you like technology, right?
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Da li volite tehnologiju?
12:50
Shimon Schocken: Right, but I like myself.
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Šimon Šoken: Da, ali volim i sebe.
12:52
BL: This is the epitome of technology. Right. Okay.
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BL: Ovo je sažetak tehnologije. U redu.
12:55
Now ... (Laughter)
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Sada... (Smeh)
12:59
Okay. (Laughter)
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U redu. (Smeh)
13:02
Now, we're going to do a little demonstration, right?
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Sada ćemo da napravimo malu demonstraciju.
13:06
You have to close your eyes, and you have to point
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Morate zatvoriti oči i uperiti prstom
13:10
where you hear me clapping. All right?
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gde me čujete kako pljeskam. U redu?
13:13
(Clapping)
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(Pljesak)
13:17
(Clapping)
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(Pljesak)
13:20
Okay, how about if everyone over there shouts. One, two, three?
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U redu, šta ako svi tamo počnu da viču. Jedan, dva, tri...
13:23
Audience: (Shouts)
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Publika: (Vikanje)
13:26
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
13:31
(Shouts) (Laughter)
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(Vikanje) (Smeh)
13:34
Brilliant. Now, open your eyes. We'll do it one more time.
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Odlično. Sada, otvorite oči.
Uradićemo ovo još jednom.
Uradićemo ovo još jednom.
13:37
Everyone over there shout. (Shouts)
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Svi tamo počnite vikati. (Vikanje)
13:40
Where's the sound coming from? (Laughter) (Applause)
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Odakle dolazi zvuk? (Smeh) (Aplauz)
13:46
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Hvala Vam. (Aplauz)
13:50
What's the point? The point is what science does for us.
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Koji je smisao ovoga? Cilj je u tome šta nam nauka donosi.
13:54
Right? We normally walk through life responding,
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Idemo kroz život odgovarajući na određeni način,
13:56
but if we ever want to do anything different, we have to
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ali ako ikada želimo uraditi nešto drugačije, moramo
13:59
step into uncertainty. When he opened his eyes,
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zakoračiti u nepoznato. Kada je otvorio oči,
14:01
he was able to see the world in a new way.
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video je svet na drugačiji način.
14:04
That's what science offers us. It offers the possibility
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To je ono što nam nauka pruža. Pruža nam mogućnost
14:07
to step on uncertainty through the process of play, right?
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da zakoračimo u nepoznato kroz igru.
14:11
Now, true science education I think should be about
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Smatram da pravo naučno obrazovanje treba da bude
14:14
giving people a voice and enabling to express that voice,
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o davanju glasa ljudima i omogućavanju da taj glas upotrebe,
14:17
so I've asked Amy to be the last voice in this short story.
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tako da sam pitao Ejmi da bude
poslednji glas u ovoj kratkoj priči.
poslednji glas u ovoj kratkoj priči.
14:22
So, Amy?
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Dakle, Ejmi?
14:25
AO: This project was really exciting for me,
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AO: Ovaj projekat je bio jako uzbudljiv za mene,
14:27
because it brought the process of discovery to life,
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jer je uveo proces otkrića u život
14:30
and it showed me that anyone, and I mean anyone,
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i pokazao mi da bilo ko i stvarno mislim bilo ko,
14:33
has the potential to discover something new,
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ima potencijal da otkrije nešto novo
14:36
and that a small question can lead into a big discovery.
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i da malo pitanje može odvesti u veliko otkriće.
14:40
Changing the way a person thinks about something
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Menjanje načina razmišljanja neke osobe
14:42
can be easy or hard. It all depends on the way the person
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može biti lako ili teško. Sve zavisi od ljudskog
14:46
feels about change.
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viđenja te promene.
14:48
But changing the way I thought about science was
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Ali menjanje načina na koji sam ja razmišljala o nauci
14:50
surprisingly easy. Once we played the games
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je bilo iznenađujuće lako. Jednom kada smo odigrali igre
14:52
and then started to think about the puzzle,
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i počeli razmišljati o zadatku,
14:55
I then realized that science isn't just a boring subject,
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uvidela sam da nauka nije samo dosadan predmet
14:59
and that anyone can discover something new.
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i da bilo ko može otkriti nešto novo.
15:02
You just need an opportunity. My opportunity came
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Potrebna vam je samo prilika. Moja prilika je došla
15:05
in the form of Beau, and the Blackawton Bee Project.
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u obliku Boa i projekta Blekaton pčela.
15:08
Thank you.BL: Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Hvala. BL: Hvala tebi. (Aplauz)
15:12
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Beau Lotto - Neuroscientist, ArtistBeau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system.
Why you should listen
"Let there be perception," was evolution's proclamation, and so it was that all creatures, from honeybees to humans, came to see the world not as it is, but as was most useful. This uncomfortable place--where what an organism's brain sees diverges from what is actually out there--is what Beau Lotto and his team at Lottolab are exploring through their dazzling art-sci experiments and public illusions. Their Bee Matrix installation, for example, places a live bee in a transparent enclosure where gallerygoers may watch it seek nectar in a virtual meadow of luminous Plexiglas flowers. (Bees, Lotto will tell you, see colors much like we humans do.) The data captured isn't just discarded, either: it's put to good use in probing scientific papers, and sometimes in more exhibits.
At their home in London’s Science Museum, the lab holds "synesthetic workshops" where kids and adults make abstract paintings that computers interpret into music, and they host regular Lates--evenings of science, music and "mass experiments." Lotto is passionate about involving people from all walks of life in research on perception--both as subjects and as fellow researchers. One such program, called "i,scientist," in fact led to the publication of the first ever peer-reviewed scientific paper written by schoolchildren ("Blackawton Bees," December 2010). It starts, "Once upon a time ..."
These and Lotto's other conjurings are slowly, charmingly bending the science of perception--and our perceptions of what science can be.
Beau Lotto | Speaker | TED.com
Amy O'Toole - Student
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student who helped run a science experiment inspired by Beau Lotto's participative science approach. At age 10 she became one of the youngest people ever to publish a peer-reviewed science paper.
Why you should listen
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student with a peer-reviewed scientific publication under her belt. She took part in a participative science program led by Beau Lotto , called "i, scientist," which inspired a science experiment by a group of 26 primary school students in Blackawton, Devon, UK. O'Toole was never interested in science before this project, but now intends to study the human mind and body. The project led to the publication of the first ever peer-reviewed scientific paper written by schoolchildren ("Blackawton Bees," Royal Society's Biology Letters, December 2010). It starts: "Once upon a time ... ."
Amy O'Toole | Speaker | TED.com