TEDSalon NY2013
Malcolm Gladwell: The unheard story of David and Goliath
Malkolm Gledvel (Malcolm Gladwell): Nepoznata priča o Davidu i Golijatu
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
7,134,861 views
To je klasična priča o slabijem protivniku: David, mladi pastir naoružan samo praćkom, savladava Golijata, moćnog ratnika. Priča je prevazišla biblijske korene i postala uobičajena izreka za neočekivanu pobedu. Ali, Malkolm Gledvel se pita da li se u priči o Davidu i Golijatu stvarno radi o tome?
Malcolm Gladwell - Writer
Detective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence. Full bio
Detective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I wanted to tell a story
0
536
1283
Hteo bih da vam
ispričam priču
ispričam priču
00:13
that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book,
1
1819
3472
kojom sam bio opsednut dok
sam pisao moju novu knjigu.
sam pisao moju novu knjigu.
00:17
and it's a story of something that happened
2
5291
3547
To je priča o nečemu
što se dogodilo
što se dogodilo
00:20
3,000 years ago,
3
8838
1573
pre 3000 godina
00:22
when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy.
4
10411
3227
kada je Izrailjsko kraljevstvo
bilo tek u povoju.
bilo tek u povoju.
00:25
And it takes place in an area called the Shephelah
5
13638
2732
Radnja se dešava u
oblasti zvanoj Šefela,
oblasti zvanoj Šefela,
00:28
in what is now Israel.
6
16370
2330
u današnjem Izraelu.
00:30
And the reason the story obsessed me is that
7
18700
2248
Razlog zbog koga sam toliko
bio opsednut ovom pričom je to
bio opsednut ovom pričom je to
00:32
I thought I understood it, and then I went back over it
8
20948
3086
što sam mislio da je razumem,
a kada sam joj se vratio
a kada sam joj se vratio
00:36
and I realized that I didn't understand it at all.
9
24034
4106
shvatio sam da je uopšte
nisam razumeo.
nisam razumeo.
00:40
Ancient Palestine had a -- along its eastern border,
10
28140
4817
Drevna Palestina je,
duž istočne granice,
duž istočne granice,
00:44
there's a mountain range.
11
32957
1316
imala planinski venac.
00:46
Still same is true of Israel today.
12
34273
1859
Isto važi i za
današnji Izrael.
današnji Izrael.
00:48
And in the mountain range are all of the ancient cities
13
36132
2933
Na tom planinskom vencu
su svi drevni gradovi
su svi drevni gradovi
00:51
of that region, so Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron.
14
39065
4458
te oblasti, dakle:
Jerusalim, Vitlejem, Hebron.
Jerusalim, Vitlejem, Hebron.
00:55
And then there's a coastal plain
15
43523
2225
Tu postoji i priobalna ravnica
00:57
along the Mediterranean, where Tel Aviv is now.
16
45748
3355
duž Mediterana, gde
je danas Tel Aviv.
je danas Tel Aviv.
01:01
And connecting the mountain range with the coastal plain
17
49103
3400
Ono što povezuje planinski
venac sa priobalnom ravnicom
venac sa priobalnom ravnicom
01:04
is an area called the Shephelah,
18
52503
1933
je oblast zvana Šefela,
01:06
which is a series of valleys and ridges that run east to west,
19
54436
4419
koju čini nekoliko dolina i planinskih grebena
koji se prostiru od istoka ka zapadu.
koji se prostiru od istoka ka zapadu.
01:10
and you can follow the Shephelah, go through the Shephelah
20
58855
3179
Kada pređete Šefelu možete
01:14
to get from the coastal plain to the mountains.
21
62034
2753
da se iz priobalne ravnice
popnete na planine.
popnete na planine.
01:16
And the Shephelah, if you've been to Israel, you'll know
22
64787
1694
Ako ste bili u Izraelu
znate da je Šefela
znate da je Šefela
01:18
it's just about the most beautiful part of Israel.
23
66481
2408
otprilike najlepši deo Izraela.
01:20
It's gorgeous, with forests of oak
24
68889
2918
Prosto je divna,
sa hrastovim šumama
sa hrastovim šumama
01:23
and wheat fields and vineyards.
25
71807
2415
i pirinčanim poljima i vinogradima.
01:26
But more importantly, though, in the history of that region,
26
74222
3379
Ali, najvažnija je, ipak,
istorija te oblasti.
istorija te oblasti.
01:29
it's served, it's had a real strategic function,
27
77601
3765
Ona je imala
pravu stratešku funkciju,
pravu stratešku funkciju,
01:33
and that is, it is the means by which hostile armies
28
81366
2913
a to je da su njome
neprijateljske vojske
neprijateljske vojske
01:36
on the coastal plain find their way,
29
84279
2583
probijale put od
priobalne ravnice,
priobalne ravnice,
01:38
get up into the mountains and threaten those living in the mountains.
30
86862
3622
penjući se ka planinama,
i ugrožavale ljude koji su gore živeli.
i ugrožavale ljude koji su gore živeli.
01:42
And 3,000 years ago, that's exactly what happens.
31
90484
3027
Upravo se to dešavalo
pre 3000 godina.
pre 3000 godina.
01:45
The Philistines, who are the biggest of enemies
32
93511
4277
Filistejci, najljući neprijatelji
01:49
of the Kingdom of Israel,
33
97788
1502
izrailjskog kraljevstva,
01:51
are living in the coastal plain.
34
99290
1712
živeli su u priobalnoj ravnici.
01:53
They're originally from Crete. They're a seafaring people.
35
101002
3296
Poreklom su sa Krita.
I bili su pomorci.
I bili su pomorci.
01:56
And they may start to make their way
36
104298
2423
Jednom su se uputili
01:58
through one of the valleys of the Shephelah
37
106721
2240
kroz jednu šefelsku dolinu
02:00
up into the mountains,
38
108961
1167
ka planinama,
02:02
because what they want to do is occupy the highland area
39
110128
2256
zato što su hteli da
zauzmu brdsko područje
zauzmu brdsko područje
02:04
right by Bethlehem and split the Kingdom of Israel in two.
40
112384
4001
blizu Vitlejema i da podele
izrailjsko kraljevstvo na dva dela.
izrailjsko kraljevstvo na dva dela.
02:08
And the Kingdom of Israel, which is headed by King Saul,
41
116385
3265
A izrailjsko kraljevstvo,
na čelu sa kraljem Saulom,
na čelu sa kraljem Saulom,
02:11
obviously catches wind of this,
42
119650
1733
očigledno čuje glas o tome,
02:13
and Saul brings his army down from the mountains
43
121383
2869
te Saul dovede svoju
vojsku sa planina
vojsku sa planina
02:16
and he confronts the Philistines in the Valley of Elah,
44
124252
3655
i suoči se s Filistejcima
u Dolini Ila,
u Dolini Ila,
02:19
one of the most beautiful of the valleys of the Shephelah.
45
127907
2458
jednoj od najlepših
dolina u Šefeli.
dolina u Šefeli.
02:22
And the Israelites dig in along the northern ridge,
46
130365
2868
Izrailjci se tako ukopaše
duž severnog grebena
duž severnog grebena
02:25
and the Philistines dig in along the southern ridge,
47
133233
4257
a FIlistinci duž južnog,
02:29
and the two armies just sit there for weeks
48
137490
2735
te tako dve vojske
nedeljama sedeše tu
nedeljama sedeše tu
02:32
and stare at each other, because they're deadlocked.
49
140225
2122
i gledaše se,
jer su blokirane.
jer su blokirane.
02:34
Neither can attack the other, because to attack the other side
50
142347
2473
Ne mogu da napadnu jedna
drugu, jer da bi se napalo
drugu, jer da bi se napalo
02:36
you've got to come down the mountain into the valley
51
144820
3256
mora se sići sa
planine u dolinu
planine u dolinu
02:40
and then up the other side, and you're completely exposed.
52
148076
2517
zatim se popeti na drugu stranu,
i pritom se potpuno izložiti.
i pritom se potpuno izložiti.
02:42
So finally, to break the deadlock,
53
150593
2192
Naposletku, da bi se
otkočila blokada,
otkočila blokada,
02:44
the Philistines send their mightiest warrior
54
152785
3214
FIlistinci poslaše
svog najmoćnijeg ratnika
svog najmoćnijeg ratnika
02:47
down into the valley floor, and he calls out
55
155999
2477
dole u dolinu,
te on uskliknu,
te on uskliknu,
02:50
and he says to the Israelites,
56
158476
1456
reče narodu Izrailja:
02:51
"Send your mightiest warrior down,
57
159932
2628
"Pošaljite dole svog
najmoćnijeg ratnika,
najmoćnijeg ratnika,
02:54
and we'll have this out, just the two of us."
58
162560
2007
da ovo rešimo samo nas dvojica."
02:56
This was a tradition in ancient warfare called single combat.
59
164567
3835
U drevnom ratovanju je postojala
tradicija zvana duel najjačih.
tradicija zvana duel najjačih.
03:00
It was a way of settling disputes
60
168402
1795
Na taj način su se
rešavale rasprave
rešavale rasprave
03:02
without incurring the bloodshed of a major battle.
61
170197
4124
bez upuštanja u
krvoproliće velike bitke.
krvoproliće velike bitke.
03:06
And the Philistine who is sent down,
62
174321
2960
A FIlistejac koji je poslat,
03:09
their mighty warrior, is a giant.
63
177281
2167
njihov moćni ratnik,
je jedan džin.
je jedan džin.
03:11
He's 6 foot 9.
64
179448
1775
Visok je nešto iznad 2 metra.
03:13
He's outfitted head to toe in this glittering bronze armor,
65
181223
4713
Od glave do pete je okovan
sjajnim bronzanim oklopom,
sjajnim bronzanim oklopom,
03:17
and he's got a sword and he's got a javelin
66
185936
3059
i poseduje mač, džilit
03:20
and he's got his spear. He is absolutely terrifying.
67
188995
2728
i koplje. Apsolutno
je zastrašujuć.
je zastrašujuć.
03:23
And he's so terrifying that none of the Israelite soldiers want to fight him.
68
191723
4490
Toliko je zastrašujuć da nijedan vojnik
izrailjske vojske neće da se bori s njim.
izrailjske vojske neće da se bori s njim.
03:28
It's a death wish, right? There's no way they think they can take him.
69
196213
4635
To je prevelik rizik, zar ne? Nema šanse
da i pomisle da mogu da ga savladaju.
da i pomisle da mogu da ga savladaju.
03:32
And finally the only person who will come forward
70
200848
2293
Na kraju, jedina osoba
koja sme da istupi
koja sme da istupi
03:35
is this young shepherd boy,
71
203141
2511
je jedan mladi pastir,
03:37
and he goes up to Saul and he says, "I'll fight him."
72
205652
2678
koji priđe Saulu i kaže:
"Ja ću se boriti s njim."
"Ja ću se boriti s njim."
03:40
And Saul says, "You can't fight him. That's ridiculous.
73
208330
3118
A Saul odgovori: "Ne možeš se boriti
s njim. To je suludo.
s njim. To je suludo.
03:43
You're this kid. This is this mighty warrior."
74
211448
2322
Ti si samo dečak. On
moćni ratnik."
moćni ratnik."
03:45
But the shepherd is adamant. He says, "No, no, no,
75
213770
2423
Ali pastir ne popušta.
Kaže: "Ne, ne, ne,
Kaže: "Ne, ne, ne,
03:48
you don't understand, I have been defending my flock
76
216193
2993
ne razumeš, ja
branim moje stado
branim moje stado
03:51
against lions and wolves for years. I think I can do it."
77
219186
4169
od lavova i vukova godinama.
Mogu se boriti s njim."
Mogu se boriti s njim."
03:55
And Saul has no choice. He's got no one else who's come forward.
78
223355
3214
Saul nema izbora. Niko
drugi neće da istupi.
drugi neće da istupi.
03:58
So he says, "All right."
79
226569
1341
Tako da kaže: "U redu."
03:59
And then he turns to the kid, and he says,
80
227910
1212
I onda se okrenu i reče dečku:
04:01
"But you've got to wear this armor. You can't go as you are."
81
229122
3694
"Ali moraš nositi ovaj oklop.
Ne možeš tek tako."
Ne možeš tek tako."
04:04
So he tries to give the shepherd his armor,
82
232816
2403
Te on pokuša da pastiru
da svoj oklop
da svoj oklop
04:07
and the shepherd says, "No."
83
235219
1251
ali on odvrati: "Ne."
04:08
He says, "I can't wear this stuff."
84
236470
2413
Reče: "Ne mogu to da nosim."
04:10
The Biblical verse is, "I cannot wear this for I have not proved it,"
85
238883
4074
Biblijski stih kaže: "Ne mogu da
ga nosim jer nisam navikao",
ga nosim jer nisam navikao",
04:14
meaning, "I've never worn armor before. You've got to be crazy."
86
242957
3177
što znači: "Nisam nikad nosio
oklop. Mora da si lud."
oklop. Mora da si lud."
04:18
So he reaches down instead on the ground
87
246134
2606
Potom se saginje i sa zemlje
04:20
and picks up five stones
88
248740
1755
podiže pet kamenova
04:22
and puts them in his shepherd's bag
89
250495
2461
i stavlja ih u svoju
pastirsku torbu
pastirsku torbu
04:24
and starts to walk down the mountainside to meet the giant.
90
252956
4512
te se uputi padinom
da se suoči sa džinom.
da se suoči sa džinom.
04:29
And the giant sees this figure approaching,
91
257468
2206
Džin uoči da mu se
nekakva prilika približava
nekakva prilika približava
04:31
and calls out, "Come to me so I can feed your flesh
92
259674
3143
i povika: "Priđi mi da
tvojim mesom nahranim
tvojim mesom nahranim
04:34
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field."
93
262817
3977
ptice na nebu i
zveri na polju."
zveri na polju."
04:38
He issues this kind of taunt towards this person
94
266794
3435
To govori da bi se
narugao toj osobi
narugao toj osobi
04:42
coming to fight him.
95
270229
1735
koja dolazi da se bori s njim.
04:43
And the shepherd draws closer and closer,
96
271964
3346
Kako se pastir približava,
04:47
and the giant sees that he's carrying a staff.
97
275310
2988
džin uočava da on nosi štap.
04:50
That's all he's carrying.
98
278298
1172
To je sve što pastir nosi.
04:51
Instead of a weapon, just this shepherd's staff,
99
279470
1868
Umesto oružja, samo
pastirski štap,
pastirski štap,
04:53
and he says -- he's insulted --
100
281338
2572
- uvređen je - i kaže:
04:55
"Am I a dog that you would come to me with sticks?"
101
283910
3357
"Jesam li kakav pas da
mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
04:59
And the shepherd boy takes one of his stones
102
287267
3063
Mladi pastir izvadi jedan kamen
05:02
out of his pocket, puts it in his sling
103
290330
3240
iz džepa, stavi ga u praćku,
05:05
and rolls it around and lets it fly
104
293570
2295
zavrte njome i otpusti
kamen da odleti,
kamen da odleti,
05:07
and it hits the giant right between the eyes --
105
295865
2401
te pogodi džina
tačno među oči -
tačno među oči -
05:10
right here, in his most vulnerable spot --
106
298266
2098
baš ovde, u ovu
najslabiju tačku -
najslabiju tačku -
05:12
and he falls down either dead or unconscious,
107
300364
3321
i džin pade dole
mrtav ili bez svesti,
mrtav ili bez svesti,
05:15
and the shepherd boy runs up and takes his sword
108
303685
2494
a mladi pastir pritrča
i isuče džinov mač
i isuče džinov mač
05:18
and cuts off his head,
109
306179
1686
i odseče mu glavu.
05:19
and the Philistines see this and they turn and they just run.
110
307865
5551
Čim videše ovo, Filistinci
se okretoše i pobegoše.
se okretoše i pobegoše.
05:25
And of course, the name of the giant is Goliath
111
313416
4361
Naravno, džinovo ime je Golijat
05:29
and the name of the shepherd boy is David,
112
317777
2529
a ime mladog
pastira je David,
pastira je David,
05:32
and the reason that story has obsessed me
113
320306
3130
a razlog zbog kog sam
bio opsednut ovom pričom
bio opsednut ovom pričom
05:35
over the course of writing my book
114
323436
1438
tokom pisanja moje knjige
05:36
is that everything I thought I knew about that story
115
324874
3092
je to što se sve što sam
mislio da znam o toj priči
mislio da znam o toj priči
05:39
turned out to be wrong.
116
327966
2751
ispostavilo kao netačno.
05:42
So David, in that story, is supposed to be the underdog, right?
117
330717
3788
David je u u toj priči
pretpostavljen kao slabiji, zar ne?
pretpostavljen kao slabiji, zar ne?
05:46
In fact, that term, David and Goliath,
118
334505
2137
Taj izraz - David i Golijat -
05:48
has entered our language as a metaphor for
119
336642
2981
ušao je u engleski jezik
kao metafora za
kao metafora za
05:51
improbable victories
120
339623
1538
neočekivanu pobedu
05:53
by some weak party over someone far stronger.
121
341161
3111
slabijeg nad mnogo
jačim protivnikom.
jačim protivnikom.
05:56
Now why do we call David an underdog?
122
344272
2190
Ali zašto Davida nazivamo slabijim?
05:58
Well, we call him an underdog because he's a kid,
123
346462
3475
Zovemo ga slabijim zato što je dečak,
06:01
a little kid, and Goliath is this big, strong giant.
124
349937
3536
mladić, a Golijat je veliki, jaki džin.
06:05
We also call him an underdog
125
353473
1655
Takođe ga zovemo slabijim
06:07
because Goliath is an experienced warrior,
126
355128
3922
jer je Golijat
iskusan ratnik,
iskusan ratnik,
06:11
and David is just a shepherd.
127
359050
1936
a David je jedan
običan pastir.
običan pastir.
06:12
But most importantly, we call him an underdog
128
360986
2350
Ali, najvažnije,
zovemo ga slabijim
zovemo ga slabijim
06:15
because all he has is -- it's that Goliath is outfitted with
129
363336
5010
jer ima samo -
Golijat je prekriven
Golijat je prekriven
06:20
all of this modern weaponry,
130
368346
2005
modernim naoružanjem,
06:22
this glittering coat of armor
131
370351
1776
sjajnim oklopom,
06:24
and a sword and a javelin and a spear,
132
372127
3835
mačem, džilitom i kopljem -
06:27
and all David has is this sling.
133
375962
3830
a David ima samo praćku.
06:31
Well, let's start there with the phrase
134
379792
1698
Hajde da počnemo
od te rečenice:
od te rečenice:
06:33
"All David has is this sling,"
135
381490
2444
"David ima samo praćku",
06:35
because that's the first mistake that we make.
136
383934
2867
jer je to prva greška
koju pravimo.
koju pravimo.
06:38
In ancient warfare, there are three kinds of warriors.
137
386801
3557
U drevnom ratovanju,
postojale su tri vrste ratnika.
postojale su tri vrste ratnika.
06:42
There's cavalry, men on horseback and with chariots.
138
390358
3431
Postojala je konjica -
ljudi na konjima i sa kočijama.
ljudi na konjima i sa kočijama.
06:45
There's heavy infantry, which are foot soldiers,
139
393789
3126
Postojala je teška pešadija -
vojnici na zemlji,
vojnici na zemlji,
06:48
armed foot soldiers with swords and shields
140
396915
2890
vojnici na zemlji u oklopu
i sa mačevima i štitovima
i sa mačevima i štitovima
06:51
and some kind of armor.
141
399805
1500
i nekom vrstom oklopa.
06:53
And there's artillery, and artillery are archers,
142
401305
3228
Postojala je i artiljerija -
iliti strelci,
iliti strelci,
06:56
but, more importantly, slingers.
143
404533
2172
ali najvažnije - strelci s praćkama.
06:58
And a slinger is someone who has a leather pouch
144
406705
3061
Strelac s praćkom je
osoba koja ima kožni remen
osoba koja ima kožni remen
07:01
with two long cords attached to it,
145
409766
2797
za koji su zakačena dva kanapa,
07:04
and they put a projectile, either a rock or a lead ball,
146
412563
3202
i u to se stavi projektil -
kamen ili olovna kugla -
kamen ili olovna kugla -
07:07
inside the pouch, and they whirl it around like this
147
415765
3121
u taj remen, i time se
vrti ukrug, ovako,
vrti ukrug, ovako,
07:10
and they let one of the cords go,
148
418886
2643
i onda se jedan kanap otpusti
07:13
and the effect is to send the projectile forward
149
421529
3870
čime se projektil
pošalje napred
pošalje napred
07:17
towards its target.
150
425399
3305
ka meti.
07:20
That's what David has, and it's important to understand
151
428704
2735
To je David imao, i
važno je shvatiti
važno je shvatiti
07:23
that that sling is not a slingshot.
152
431439
2847
da ta njegova praćka
nije praćka kakvu znamo.
nije praćka kakvu znamo.
07:26
It's not this, right? It's not a child's toy.
153
434286
2619
Nije ovakva, zar ne?
Nije dečija igračka.
Nije dečija igračka.
07:28
It's in fact an incredibly devastating weapon.
154
436905
3825
Zapravo, ona je neverovatno
razorno oružje.
razorno oružje.
07:32
When David rolls it around like this,
155
440730
2976
Kada David ovako zavrti praćkom,
07:35
he's turning the sling around probably
156
443706
3229
okreće je verovatno
07:38
at six or seven revolutions per second,
157
446935
2672
šest ili sedam puta u sekundi
07:41
and that means that when the rock is released,
158
449607
3845
što znači da, kada
otpusti kamen,
otpusti kamen,
07:45
it's going forward really fast,
159
453452
2200
on će leteti unapred
velikom brzinom,
velikom brzinom,
07:47
probably 35 meters per second.
160
455652
1773
verovatno oko 35 m/s.
07:49
That's substantially faster than a baseball
161
457425
3565
To je znatno brže i od
loptice za bejzbol
loptice za bejzbol
07:52
thrown by even the finest of baseball pitchers.
162
460990
3633
koju baci čak i najbolji bacač.
07:56
More than that, the stones in the Valley of Elah
163
464623
3883
Uz to, kamenje u dolini Ila
08:00
were not normal rocks. They were barium sulphate,
164
468506
2656
nije bilo obično.
Bilo je od barita,
Bilo je od barita,
08:03
which are rocks twice the density of normal stones.
165
471162
3319
dvostruko veće gustine
od običnog kamenja.
od običnog kamenja.
08:06
If you do the calculations on the ballistics,
166
474481
2637
Ako uradite balističko merenje
08:09
on the stopping power of the rock fired from David's sling,
167
477118
3884
zaustavne snage kamena
ispaljenog iz Davidove praćke,
ispaljenog iz Davidove praćke,
08:13
it's roughly equal to the stopping power
168
481002
2321
videćete da je približno
jednako zaustavnoj snazi
jednako zaustavnoj snazi
08:15
of a [.45 caliber] handgun.
169
483323
3557
metka iz pištolja kalibra 45 mm.
08:18
This is an incredibly devastating weapon.
170
486880
2994
To je neverovatno
razorno oružje.
razorno oružje.
08:21
Accuracy, we know from historical records
171
489874
4598
Preciznost - iz
istorijskih zapisa znamo
istorijskih zapisa znamo
08:26
that slingers -- experienced slingers could hit
172
494472
4498
da iskusni strelci s praćkom
mogu pogoditi
mogu pogoditi
08:30
and maim or even kill a target at distances of up to 200 yards.
173
498970
6023
i osakatiti, ili čak ubiti, metu
na razdaljni i do skoro 180 m.
na razdaljni i do skoro 180 m.
08:36
From medieval tapestries, we know that slingers
174
504993
2970
Preko srednjovekovnih tapiserija
znamo da su strelci s praćkom
znamo da su strelci s praćkom
08:39
were capable of hitting birds in flight.
175
507963
2358
bili sposobni da
pogode pticu u letu.
pogode pticu u letu.
08:42
They were incredibly accurate.
176
510321
2434
Bili su neverovatno precizni.
08:44
When David lines up -- and he's not 200 yards away from Goliath,
177
512755
3557
Kada David nišani - a od
Golijata nije udaljen 180 m,
Golijata nije udaljen 180 m,
08:48
he's quite close to Goliath --
178
516312
1609
prilično mu je blizu -
08:49
when he lines up and fires that thing at Goliath,
179
517921
3415
kada nanišani i ispali
kamen ka Golijatu,
kamen ka Golijatu,
08:53
he has every intention and every expectation
180
521336
3062
on ima nameru i očekuje
08:56
of being able to hit Goliath at his most vulnerable spot
181
524398
2703
da ga pogodi u
najslabiju tačku
najslabiju tačku
08:59
between his eyes.
182
527101
1328
između očiju.
09:00
If you go back over the history of ancient warfare,
183
528429
2016
Ako se vratimo istoriji
drevnog ratovanja,
drevnog ratovanja,
09:02
you will find time and time again
184
530445
2812
naići ćemo na
bezbroj primera
bezbroj primera
09:05
that slingers were the decisive factor against infantry
185
533257
4003
u kojima su strelci s praćkom
bili ključni faktor protiv pešadije
bili ključni faktor protiv pešadije
09:09
in one kind of battle or another.
186
537260
5025
u jednoj ili drugoj vrsti borbe.
09:14
So what's Goliath? He's heavy infantry,
187
542285
3896
A šta je Golijat?
On je teški pešadinac
On je teški pešadinac
09:18
and his expectation when he challenges the Israelites to a duel
188
546181
5199
i kada izazove Izrailjce
na dvoboj, on očekuje
na dvoboj, on očekuje
09:23
is that he's going to be fighting another heavy infantryman.
189
551380
3855
da će se boriti sa istim
takvim pešadincem.
takvim pešadincem.
09:27
When he says, "Come to me that I might
190
555235
2171
Kada kaže: "Priđi mi da
09:29
feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
191
557406
2952
tvojim mesom nahranim ptice
na nebu i zveri u polju",
na nebu i zveri u polju",
09:32
the key phrase is "Come to me."
192
560358
2000
ključni deo je: "Priđi mi."
09:34
Come up to me because we're going to fight,
193
562358
2138
Priđi mi jer ćemo
se boriti,
se boriti,
09:36
hand to hand, like this.
194
564496
1711
prsa u prsa, ovako.
09:38
Saul has the same expectation.
195
566207
2128
Saul isto očekuje.
09:40
David says, "I want to fight Goliath,"
196
568335
2359
David je kazao: "Hoću da se
borim s Golijatom",
borim s Golijatom",
09:42
and Saul tries to give him his armor,
197
570694
1821
a Saul je pokušao
da mu da svoj oklop,
da mu da svoj oklop,
09:44
because Saul is thinking, "Oh, when you say 'fight Goliath,'
198
572515
2727
jer misli: "Kada kažeš da
se boriš s Golijatom
se boriš s Golijatom
09:47
you mean 'fight him in hand-to-hand combat,'
199
575242
3267
misliš 'boriš se prsa u prsa',
09:50
infantry on infantry."
200
578509
2188
pešadinac na pešadinca."
09:52
But David has absolutely no expectation.
201
580697
2974
Ali David ništa ne očekuje.
09:55
He's not going to fight him that way. Why would he?
202
583671
2551
Neće se s njim tako boriti.
I zašto bi?
I zašto bi?
09:58
He's a shepherd. He's spent his entire career
203
586222
3008
On je pastir.
Čitav vek je koristio
Čitav vek je koristio
10:01
using a sling to defend his flock against lions and wolves.
204
589230
4213
praćku da stado
odbrani od lavova i vukova.
odbrani od lavova i vukova.
10:05
That's where his strength lies.
205
593443
1750
U tome leži
njegova snaga.
njegova snaga.
10:07
So here he is, this shepherd, experienced
206
595193
2532
I eto njega, pastira,
iskusnog
iskusnog
10:09
in the use of a devastating weapon,
207
597725
2039
u upotrebi tog
razornog oružja,
razornog oružja,
10:11
up against this lumbering giant
208
599764
2394
kako se suočava s
jednim gorostasom,
jednim gorostasom,
10:14
weighed down by a hundred pounds of armor
209
602158
3300
opasanim oklopom
od oko 60 kg
od oko 60 kg
10:17
and these incredibly heavy weapons
210
605458
1501
i neverovatno
teškim oružjem
teškim oružjem
10:18
that are useful only in short-range combat.
211
606959
3097
koje je korisno samo
u borbi prsa u prsa.
u borbi prsa u prsa.
10:22
Goliath is a sitting duck. He doesn't have a chance.
212
610056
4737
Golijat je kao glineni golub.
Nema nikakve šanse.
Nema nikakve šanse.
10:26
So why do we keep calling David an underdog,
213
614793
2806
Pa zašto onda Davida
nazivamo slabijim
nazivamo slabijim
10:29
and why do we keep referring to his victory as improbable?
214
617599
5824
i zašto njegovu pobedu
zovemo neverovatnom?
zovemo neverovatnom?
10:35
There's a second piece of this that's important.
215
623423
2840
Postoji još jedna bitna stvar.
10:38
It's not just that we misunderstand David
216
626263
3398
Nismo pogrešno shvatili
samo Davida
samo Davida
10:41
and his choice of weaponry.
217
629661
1905
i njegov izbor naoružanja.
10:43
It's also that we profoundly misunderstand Goliath.
218
631566
3339
Suštinski smo pogrešno
shvatili i Golijata.
shvatili i Golijata.
10:46
Goliath is not what he seems to be.
219
634905
3234
Golijat nije onakav
kakav nam se čini.
kakav nam se čini.
10:50
There's all kinds of hints of this in the Biblical text,
220
638139
3988
Postoje razne naznake
u biblijskom tekstu,
u biblijskom tekstu,
10:54
things that are in retrospect quite puzzling
221
642127
2805
stvari koje su prilično zbunjujuće
kada se pogleda unazad
kada se pogleda unazad
10:56
and don't square with his image as this mighty warrior.
222
644932
3777
i koje nisu u skladu sa
tom slikom moćnog ratnika.
tom slikom moćnog ratnika.
11:00
So to begin with, the Bible says that Goliath
223
648709
3377
Za početak, Biblija
kaže da Golijata
kaže da Golijata
11:04
is led onto the valley floor by an attendant.
224
652086
3965
do doline dovodi sluga.
11:08
Now that is weird, right?
225
656051
2209
Nije li to čudno?
11:10
Here is this mighty warrior
226
658260
2130
Jedan moćni ratnik
11:12
challenging the Israelites to one-on-one combat.
227
660390
2807
izaziva Izrailjce na
borbu jedan-na-jedan.
borbu jedan-na-jedan.
11:15
Why is he being led by the hand
228
663197
2712
Zašto ga za ruku vodi
11:17
by some young boy, presumably,
229
665909
3050
neki, možda, mladić,
11:20
to the point of combat?
230
668959
2462
na liniju borbe?
11:23
Secondly, the Bible story makes special note
231
671421
4354
Druga stvar, biblijska priča
posebno beleži
posebno beleži
11:27
of how slowly Goliath moves,
232
675775
3089
kako se Golijat sporo kreće,
11:30
another odd thing to say when you're describing
233
678864
2026
što je još jedna čudna stvar
kada se opisuje
kada se opisuje
11:32
the mightiest warrior known to man at that point.
234
680890
4050
najmoćniji ratnik do
tada poznat čoveku.
tada poznat čoveku.
11:36
And then there's this whole weird thing
235
684940
1823
Potom je tu i taj
neobičan podatak
neobičan podatak
11:38
about how long it takes Goliath to react
236
686763
3812
o tome koliko Golijatu
treba da odreaguje
treba da odreaguje
11:42
to the sight of David.
237
690575
1996
kada se David pojavi.
11:44
So David's coming down the mountain,
238
692571
2778
Dakle, David silazi
s planine
s planine
11:47
and he's clearly not preparing for hand-to-hand combat.
239
695349
3937
i očigledno se ne sprema
za borbu prsa u prsa.
za borbu prsa u prsa.
11:51
There is nothing about him that says,
240
699286
1968
Ništa na njemu ne
ukazuje na to da
ukazuje na to da
11:53
"I am about to fight you like this."
241
701254
2034
će da se tako bori s njim.
11:55
He's not even carrying a sword.
242
703288
1731
Ne nosi čak ni mač.
11:57
Why does Goliath not react to that?
243
705019
2682
Zašto Golijat ne
reaguje na to?
reaguje na to?
11:59
It's as if he's oblivious to what's going on that day.
244
707701
4228
Kao da nije svestan
šta se tog dana dešava.
šta se tog dana dešava.
12:03
And then there's that strange comment he makes to David:
245
711929
3947
Tu je i čudna opaska
koju uputi Davidu:
koju uputi Davidu:
12:07
"Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
246
715876
4295
"Jesam li kakav pas da
mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
12:12
Sticks? David only has one stick.
247
720171
3823
Štapovima? David
ima samo jedan štap.
ima samo jedan štap.
12:15
Well, it turns out that there's been a great deal
248
723994
2259
Ispostavilo se da se
12:18
of speculation within the medical community over the years
249
726253
3041
tokom godina u medicini
dosta raspravljalo
dosta raspravljalo
12:21
about whether there is something
250
729294
2526
o tome da li nešto
12:23
fundamentally wrong with Goliath,
251
731820
2889
stvarno nije u redu s Golijatom.
12:26
an attempt to make sense of all of those apparent anomalies.
252
734709
3409
Pokušano je traženje smisla
u tim očiglednim anomalijama.
u tim očiglednim anomalijama.
12:30
There have been many articles written.
253
738118
1162
Napisano je mnogo članaka.
12:31
The first one was in 1960 in the Indiana Medical Journal,
254
739280
3994
Prvi je objavljen 1960. u časopisu
Medicinskog udruženja države Indijana,
Medicinskog udruženja države Indijana,
12:35
and it started a chain of speculation
255
743274
2355
i pokrenuo je
niz pretpostavki
niz pretpostavki
12:37
that starts with an explanation for Goliath's height.
256
745629
3123
koje počinju objašnjavanjem
Golijatove visine.
Golijatove visine.
12:40
So Goliath is head and shoulders above
257
748752
2923
Golijat je bio za glavu viši
12:43
all of his peers in that era,
258
751675
2162
od svih vršnjaka u to doba,
12:45
and usually when someone is that far out of the norm,
259
753837
3982
i obično, kada je neko
toliko iznad proseka,
toliko iznad proseka,
12:49
there's an explanation for it.
260
757819
1597
postoji objašnjenje.
12:51
So the most common form of giantism
261
759416
3233
Najčešći oblik gigantizma
12:54
is a condition called acromegaly,
262
762649
2735
je stanje poznato
kao akromegalija.
kao akromegalija.
12:57
and acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor
263
765384
2903
koju uzrokuje dobroćudni tumor
13:00
on your pituitary gland
264
768287
2503
na hipofizi,
13:02
that causes an overproduction of human growth hormone.
265
770790
2716
a koji uzrokuje prekomerno
lučenje hormona rasta.
lučenje hormona rasta.
13:05
And throughout history, many of the most famous giants
266
773506
3559
Tokom istorije, mnogi
poznati džinovi
poznati džinovi
13:09
have all had acromegaly.
267
777065
1769
imali su akromegaliju.
13:10
So the tallest person of all time
268
778834
2064
Najviši čovek svih vremena
13:12
was a guy named Robert Wadlow
269
780898
1567
bio je Robert Vadlou,
13:14
who was still growing when he died at the age of 24
270
782465
3051
koji je i dalje rastao kada
je umro u 24. godini
je umro u 24. godini
13:17
and he was 8 foot 11.
271
785516
2889
a bio je visok oko 2,5 m.
13:20
He had acromegaly.
272
788405
1414
Imao je akromegaliju.
13:21
Do you remember the wrestler André the Giant?
273
789819
2535
Pamtite li rvača, Džina Andrea?
13:24
Famous. He had acromegaly.
274
792354
1683
Bio je poznat. Imao
je akromegaliju.
je akromegaliju.
13:26
There's even speculation that Abraham Lincoln had acromegaly.
275
794037
4539
Postoje čak i pretpostavke da je i
Abraham Linkoln imao akromegaliju.
Abraham Linkoln imao akromegaliju.
13:30
Anyone who's unusually tall,
276
798576
1078
Za bilo čiju neobičnu visinu
13:31
that's the first explanation we come up with.
277
799654
2753
to je prvo objašnjenje
koje nam padne na pamet.
koje nam padne na pamet.
13:34
And acromegaly has a very distinct set of side effects
278
802407
3995
A akromegalija ima
izrazite propratne
izrazite propratne
13:38
associated with it,
279
806402
1225
nuspojave,
13:39
principally having to do with vision.
280
807627
3562
a prvenstveno
se tiču vida.
se tiču vida.
13:43
The pituitary tumor, as it grows,
281
811189
3296
Kako se povećava,
tumor na hipofizi
tumor na hipofizi
13:46
often starts to compress the visual nerves in your brain,
282
814485
4048
obično pritiska
vizuelni nerv u mozgu,
vizuelni nerv u mozgu,
13:50
with the result that people with acromegaly
283
818533
2504
što rezultira da
ljudi s akromegalijom
ljudi s akromegalijom
13:53
have either double vision or they are profoundly nearsighted.
284
821037
5471
ili duplo vide ili
su kratkovidi.
su kratkovidi.
13:58
So when people have started to speculate
285
826508
2593
Kada su ljudi počeli
da prave pretpostavke
da prave pretpostavke
14:01
about what might have been wrong with Goliath,
286
829101
3231
o tome šta nije u
redu s Golijatom,
redu s Golijatom,
14:04
they've said, "Wait a minute,
287
832332
911
rekli su: "Čekaj malo,
14:05
he looks and sounds an awful lot like someone
288
833243
3190
on veoma podseća na osobu
14:08
who has acromegaly."
289
836433
1573
koja ima akromegaliju."
14:10
And that would also explain so much of what was strange
290
838006
2984
To bi objasnilo
mnoge čudne stvari
mnoge čudne stvari
14:12
about his behavior that day.
291
840990
2127
u njegovom ponašanju
toga dana.
toga dana.
14:15
Why does he move so slowly
292
843117
1821
Zašto se sporo kreće
14:16
and have to be escorted down into the valley floor
293
844938
3528
i zašto do doline
mora da bude
mora da bude
14:20
by an attendant?
294
848466
1359
u pratnji sluge?
14:21
Because he can't make his way on his own.
295
849825
2988
Zato što ne može da se snađe sam.
14:24
Why is he so strangely oblivious to David
296
852813
3257
Zašto uopšte nije svestan
Davidovog prisustva,
Davidovog prisustva,
14:28
that he doesn't understand that David's not going to fight him
297
856070
2649
toliko da ne shvata
da će ga pogoditi
da će ga pogoditi
14:30
until the very last moment?
298
858719
2147
do poslednjeg trenutka?
14:32
Because he can't see him.
299
860866
2509
Zato što ga ne vidi.
14:35
When he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh
300
863375
3317
Kada kaže: "Priđi mi da tvojim mesom
14:38
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
301
866692
2496
nahranim ptice na nebu
i zveri na polju",
i zveri na polju",
14:41
the phrase "come to me" is a hint also of his vulnerability.
302
869188
4644
poziv 'priđi mi' nagoveštava
njegovu ranjivost.
njegovu ranjivost.
14:45
Come to me because I can't see you.
303
873832
2984
Priđi mi jer te ne vidim.
14:48
And then there's, "Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
304
876816
5214
A kada kaže: "Jesam li kakav pas
da mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
da mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
14:54
He sees two sticks when David has only one.
305
882030
5330
On vidi dva štapa, a
David nosi samo jedan.
David nosi samo jedan.
14:59
So the Israelites up on the mountain ridge
306
887360
2964
A Izrailjci ga
s tog planinskog venca
s tog planinskog venca
15:02
looking down on him thought he was
307
890324
2197
posmatraju i misle
da je on samo
da je on samo
15:04
this extraordinarily powerful foe.
308
892521
3111
jedan veoma
moćan neprijatelj.
moćan neprijatelj.
15:07
What they didn't understand was that
309
895632
1976
Oni nisu shvatali da
15:09
the very thing that was the source of his apparent strength
310
897608
3297
je očigledni izvor
njegove snage
njegove snage
15:12
was also the source of his greatest weakness.
311
900905
3755
takođe izvor njegove
najveće slabosti.
najveće slabosti.
15:16
And there is, I think, in that,
312
904660
1957
I u svemu tome mislim da
15:18
a very important lesson for all of us.
313
906617
3205
leži jedna vrlo
važna pouka svima.
važna pouka svima.
15:21
Giants are not as strong and powerful as they seem.
314
909822
3862
Džinovi nisu tako
moćni kako se čini.
moćni kako se čini.
15:25
And sometimes the shepherd boy has a sling in his pocket.
315
913684
3489
A mladi pastir nekad
drži praćku u džepu.
drži praćku u džepu.
15:29
Thank you.
316
917173
1787
Hvala.
15:30
(Applause)
317
918960
4385
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Malcolm Gladwell - WriterDetective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence.
Why you should listen
Malcolm Gladwell searches for the counterintuitive in what we all take to be the mundane: cookies, sneakers, pasta sauce. A New Yorker staff writer since 1996, he visits obscure laboratories and infomercial set kitchens as often as the hangouts of freelance cool-hunters -- a sort of pop-R&D gumshoe -- and for that has become a star lecturer and bestselling author.
Sparkling with curiosity, undaunted by difficult research (yet an eloquent, accessible writer), his work uncovers truths hidden in strange data. His always-delightful blog tackles topics from serial killers to steroids in sports, while provocative recent work in the New Yorker sheds new light on the Flynn effect -- the decades-spanning rise in I.Q. scores.
Gladwell has written four books. The Tipping Point, which began as a New Yorker piece, applies the principles of epidemiology to crime (and sneaker sales), while Blink examines the unconscious processes that allow the mind to "thin slice" reality -- and make decisions in the blink of an eye. His third book, Outliers, questions the inevitabilities of success and identifies the relation of success to nature versus nurture. The newest work, What the Dog Saw and Other Adventures, is an anthology of his New Yorker contributions.
He says: "There is more going on beneath the surface than we think, and more going on in little, finite moments of time than we would guess."
Malcolm Gladwell | Speaker | TED.com