TEDMED 2015
Melissa Walker: Art can heal PTSD's invisible wounds
Melisa Voker (Melissa Walker): Umetnost može da izleči nevidljive rane PTSD-a
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Trauma ućutkuje svoje žrtve, kaže umetnička terapeutkinja Melisa Voker, ali umetnička terapija može pomoći onima koje je rat psihički ranio da se otvore i zaleče. U ovom inspirativnom govoru, Vokerova opisuje kako pogotovo izrada maski omogućava unesrećenim pripadnicima vojnih snaga da razotkriju ono što ih proganja i da se na kraju oslobode toga.
Melissa Walker - Creative arts therapist
Melissa Walker helps military service members recover from traumatic brain injury and mental illness. Full bio
Melissa Walker helps military service members recover from traumatic brain injury and mental illness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You are a high-ranking
military service member
military service member
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Visoko ste rangirani pripadnik
vojne službe raspoređen u Afganistanu.
vojne službe raspoređen u Afganistanu.
00:16
deployed to Afghanistan.
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00:19
You are responsible for the lives
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Odgovorni ste za živote
00:22
of hundreds of men and women,
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stotine muškaraca i žena,
00:24
and your base is under attack.
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a vaša baza je napadnuta.
00:27
Incoming mortar rounds
are exploding all around you.
are exploding all around you.
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Svuda oko vas eksplodiraju
minobacačke granate.
minobacačke granate.
00:32
Struggling to see
through the dust and the smoke,
through the dust and the smoke,
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Borite se da biste videli nešto
od prašine i dima,
od prašine i dima,
00:35
you do your best to assist the wounded
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dajete sve od sebe
da pomognete ranjenima,
da pomognete ranjenima,
00:38
and then crawl to a nearby bunker.
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a zatim puzite do obližnjeg bunkera.
00:41
Conscious but dazed by the blasts,
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Svesni ste, ali ošamućeni od eksplozija,
00:44
you lay on your side and attempt
to process what has just happened.
to process what has just happened.
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legnete na stranu i pokušavate
da obradite što se upravo dogodilo.
da obradite što se upravo dogodilo.
00:49
As you regain your vision,
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Dok vam se vraća vid,
00:52
you see a bloody face
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vidite krvavo lice
00:54
staring back at you.
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koje zuri u vas.
00:57
The image is terrifying,
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Prizor je užasan,
01:00
but you quickly come to understand
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ali brzo shvatate
01:02
it's not real.
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da nije stvaran.
01:06
This vision continues to visit you
multiple times a day and in your sleep.
multiple times a day and in your sleep.
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Ova vizija nastavlja da vas posećuje
mnogo puta danju, a i u snu.
mnogo puta danju, a i u snu.
01:11
You choose not to tell anyone
for fear of losing your job
for fear of losing your job
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Rešeni ste da nikom ne govorite o tome
zbog straha od gubitka posla,
zbog straha od gubitka posla,
01:14
or being seen as weak.
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ili da ne pomisle da ste slabić.
01:18
You give the vision a name,
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Dajete ime viziji:
01:20
Bloody Face in Bunker,
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„Krvavo lice u bunkeru“,
01:22
and call it BFIB for short.
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ili skraćeno „KLUB“.
01:25
You keep BFIB locked away in your mind,
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Držite „KLUB“ zaključan u svom umu,
01:29
secretly haunting you,
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a ono vas tajno proganja
01:30
for the next seven years.
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narednih sedam godina.
01:35
Now close your eyes.
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Zatvorite sada oči.
01:39
Can you see BFIB?
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Možete li da vidite „KLUB“?
01:43
If you can, you're beginning
to see the face
to see the face
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Ako možete, onda počinjete da razumete
01:46
of the invisible wounds of war,
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nevidljive rane rata,
01:48
commonly known
as post-traumatic stress disorder
as post-traumatic stress disorder
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opšte poznate kao
posttraumatski stresni poremećaj
posttraumatski stresni poremećaj
01:51
and traumatic brain injury.
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i traumatska povreda mozga.
01:54
While I can't say I have
post-traumatic stress disorder,
post-traumatic stress disorder,
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Ne mogu da kažem da imam
posttraumatski stresni poremećaj,
posttraumatski stresni poremećaj,
01:57
I've never been a stranger to it.
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ali mi on nikad nije bio stran.
01:59
When I was a little girl, I would visit
my grandparents every summer.
my grandparents every summer.
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Kad sam bila mala, posećivala sam
baku i deku svakog leta.
baku i deku svakog leta.
02:04
It was my grandfather
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Moj deda
02:06
who introduced me to the effects
of combat on the psyche.
of combat on the psyche.
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me je upoznao sa uticajima borbe na psihu.
02:10
While my grandfather was serving
as a Marine in the Korean War,
as a Marine in the Korean War,
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Dok je deda bio marinac u Korejskom ratu,
02:14
a bullet pierced his neck
and rendered him unable to cry out.
and rendered him unable to cry out.
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metak mu je probio vrat
i usled toga nije mogao da vikne.
i usled toga nije mogao da vikne.
02:19
He watched as a corpsman passed him over,
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Gledao je bolničara
kako prolazi pored njega,
kako prolazi pored njega,
02:21
declaring him a goner,
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proglasivši da je gotov,
02:23
and then leaving him to die.
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i ostavivši ga da umre.
02:26
Years later, after his
physical wounds had healed
physical wounds had healed
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Mnogo godina kasnije,
pošto se izlečio od fizičkih rana
pošto se izlečio od fizičkih rana
02:29
and he'd returned home,
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i vratio kući,
02:31
he rarely spoke of his
experiences in waking life.
experiences in waking life.
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retko je govorio o tom doživljaju
u budnom stanju.
u budnom stanju.
02:35
But at night I would hear him
shouting obscenities
shouting obscenities
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Ali noću bih čula njegovo buncanje
02:38
from his room down the hall.
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iz sobe na kraju hodnika.
02:41
And during the day I would announce myself
as I entered the room,
as I entered the room,
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Danju sam se uvek javljala
dok sam ulazila u sobu,
dok sam ulazila u sobu,
pazeći da ga ne uplašim ili potresem.
02:44
careful not to startle or agitate him.
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02:48
He lived out the remainder of his days
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Preostale dane svog života proveo je
02:51
isolated and tight-lipped,
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izolovan i ćutljiv,
02:53
never finding a way to express himself,
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nikad ne našavši načina da se izrazi,
02:56
and I didn't yet
have the tools to guide him.
have the tools to guide him.
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a tad još nisam znala
kako da mu pomognem.
kako da mu pomognem.
03:01
I wouldn't have a name
for my grandfather's condition
for my grandfather's condition
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Nisam znala kako se zove dedino stanje
03:04
until I was in my 20s.
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sve do svojih dvadesetih godina.
03:06
Seeking a graduate degree in art therapy,
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Želeći da diplomiram umetničku terapiju,
03:09
I naturally gravitated
towards the study of trauma.
towards the study of trauma.
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prirodno sam težila proučavanju traume.
03:14
And while sitting in class learning
about post-traumatic stress disorder,
about post-traumatic stress disorder,
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Dok sam slušala na časovima
o postraumatskom stresnom poremećaju,
o postraumatskom stresnom poremećaju,
03:17
or PTSD for short,
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ili skraćeno PTSP,
03:20
my mission to help service members
who suffered like my grandfather
who suffered like my grandfather
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moja misija da pomognem vojnicima
koji su patili kao i moj deda,
koji su patili kao i moj deda,
03:24
began to take form.
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počela je da se oblikuje.
03:27
We've had various names
for post-traumatic stress
for post-traumatic stress
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Posttraumatski stresni poremećaj
imao je nekoliko naziva
imao je nekoliko naziva
03:29
throughout the history of war:
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kroz istoriju rata:
03:32
homesickness,
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nostalgija,
03:34
soldier's heart,
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vojničko srce,
03:36
shell shock,
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granatni šok,
03:38
thousand-yard stare, for instance.
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pogled u daljinu, na primer.
03:41
And while I was pursuing my degree,
a new war was raging,
a new war was raging,
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Dok sam napredovala ka diplomi,
besneo je novi rat,
besneo je novi rat,
03:45
and thanks to modern body armor
and military vehicles,
and military vehicles,
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ali zahvaljujući modernim pancirima
i vojnim vozilima,
i vojnim vozilima,
03:48
service members were surviving
blast injuries they wouldn't have before.
blast injuries they wouldn't have before.
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vojnici bi preživeli i takve povrede
od eksplozije koje ranije ne bi.
od eksplozije koje ranije ne bi.
03:53
But the invisible wounds
were reaching new levels,
were reaching new levels,
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Ipak, nevidljive rane
su dostizale nove nivoe,
su dostizale nove nivoe,
03:56
and this pushed military doctors
and researchers
and researchers
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a to je nateralo
vojne lekare i istraživače
vojne lekare i istraživače
03:59
to try and truly understand the effects
that traumatic brain injury, or TBI,
that traumatic brain injury, or TBI,
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da pokušaju stvarno razumeti efekte
traumatske povrede mozga, TPM,
traumatske povrede mozga, TPM,
04:05
and PTSD have on the brain.
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i PTST-a na mozak.
04:08
Due to advances
in technology and neuroimaging,
in technology and neuroimaging,
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Zahvaljujući napretku tehnologije
i neurooslikavanju,
i neurooslikavanju,
04:12
we now know there's
an actual shutdown in the Broca's,
an actual shutdown in the Broca's,
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danas znamo da zapravo postoji
isključenje u Brokinoj zoni,
isključenje u Brokinoj zoni,
04:15
or the speech-language area of the brain,
after an individual experiences trauma.
after an individual experiences trauma.
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ili zoni za jezik i govor,
posle preživljene traume.
posle preživljene traume.
04:21
This physiological change,
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Ova fiziološka promena
04:23
or speechless terror as it's often called,
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ili, kako se često naziva „nemi teror“,
04:26
coupled with mental health stigma,
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zajedno sa stigmom mentalnog zdravlja,
04:28
the fear of being judged
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sa strahom od osude
04:30
or misunderstood,
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ili nerazumevanja,
04:31
possibly even removed
from their current duties,
from their current duties,
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možda čak i odstranjivanjem
sa aktuelne dužnosti,
sa aktuelne dužnosti,
04:34
has led to the invisible struggles
of our servicemen and women.
of our servicemen and women.
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dovela je do nevidljivih borbi
pripadnika vojne službe.
pripadnika vojne službe.
04:39
Generation after generation of veterans
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Generacije i generacije veterana
04:43
have chosen not to talk
about their experiences,
about their experiences,
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odlučile su da ne govore
o svojim iskustvima
o svojim iskustvima
04:46
and suffer in solitude.
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i da pate u samoći.
04:50
I had my work cut out for me
when I got my first job
when I got my first job
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Moj prvi posao je bio kao stvoren za mene,
04:53
as an art therapist at the nation's
largest military medical center,
largest military medical center,
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posao umetničkog terapeuta
u najvećem vojnom medicinskom centru,
u najvećem vojnom medicinskom centru,
04:57
Walter Reed.
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„Valter Rid“.
04:59
After working for a few years
on a locked-in patient psychiatric unit,
on a locked-in patient psychiatric unit,
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Posle nekoliko godina rada
na zatvorenom odeljenju psihijatrije,
na zatvorenom odeljenju psihijatrije,
05:03
I eventually transferred to the National
Intrepid Center of Excellence, NICoE,
Intrepid Center of Excellence, NICoE,
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konačno sam premeštena
u Nacionalni centar izvrsnosti,
u Nacionalni centar izvrsnosti,
05:08
which leads TBI care
for active duty service members.
for active duty service members.
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koji je vodeći u oblasti brige
o aktivnim vojnicima sa TPM.
o aktivnim vojnicima sa TPM.
05:12
Now, I believed in art therapy,
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Verovala sam u umetničku terapiju,
05:14
but I was going to have
to convince service members,
to convince service members,
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ali morala sam da ubedim
pripadnike oružanih snaga,
pripadnike oružanih snaga,
05:18
big, tough, strong, manly military men,
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koji su veliki, jaki, muževni vojnici,
05:21
and some women too,
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a i neke žene,
05:23
to give art-making as
a psychotherapeutic intervention a try.
a psychotherapeutic intervention a try.
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da probaju stvaranje umetnosti
kao psihoterapetsku intervenciju.
kao psihoterapetsku intervenciju.
05:28
The results have been
nothing short of spectacular.
nothing short of spectacular.
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Rezultat je bio bezmalo spektakularan.
05:34
Vivid, symbolic artwork
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Nastala su snažna, simbolična dela
05:36
is being created
by our servicemen and women,
by our servicemen and women,
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koja su stvorili naši muškarci
i žene u vojnoj službi,
i žene u vojnoj službi,
05:39
and every work of art tells a story.
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i svako delo ima svoju priču.
05:43
We've observed that the process
of art therapy bypasses
of art therapy bypasses
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Primetili smo da tok umetničke terapije
zaobilazi problem govora i jezika u mozgu.
05:46
the speech-language issue with the brain.
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Stvaranje umetnosti pristupa
05:49
Art-making accesses the same sensory
areas of the brain that encode trauma.
areas of the brain that encode trauma.
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istim onim čulnim područjima mozga
u kojima se nalaze podaci o traumi.
u kojima se nalaze podaci o traumi.
05:54
Service members can use the art-making
to work through their experiences
to work through their experiences
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Stvarajući umetnost, pripadnici službe
mogu da razmisle o svom iskustvu
mogu da razmisle o svom iskustvu
05:57
in a nonthreatening way.
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na bezopasan način.
06:00
They can then apply words
to their physical creations,
to their physical creations,
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Tada mogu primeniti reči
na svoje fizičke kreacije,
na svoje fizičke kreacije,
06:03
reintegrating the left
and the right hemispheres of the brain.
and the right hemispheres of the brain.
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iznova ujedinjujući
levu i desnu hemisferu mozga.
levu i desnu hemisferu mozga.
06:08
Now, we've seen this can work
with all forms of art --
with all forms of art --
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Ovo uspeva u svim oblicima umetnosti -
06:12
drawing, painting, collage --
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u crtanju, slikanju, kolažu -
06:15
but what seems to have the most impact
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ali čini se da najviše uticaja ima
06:18
is mask-making.
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izrada maski.
06:21
Finally, these invisible wounds
don't just have a name,
don't just have a name,
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Konačno, ove nevidljive rane
imaju ne samo ime,
imaju ne samo ime,
06:25
they have a face.
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već i lice.
06:29
And when service members
create these masks,
create these masks,
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Kada pripadnici službe stvaraju ove maske,
06:31
it allows them to come to grips,
literally, with their trauma.
literally, with their trauma.
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to im omogućava da se bukvalno
hvataju u koštac sa svojim traumama.
hvataju u koštac sa svojim traumama.
06:35
And it's amazing
how often that enables them
how often that enables them
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Neverovatno je
koliko često im to omogućava
koliko često im to omogućava
06:38
to break through the trauma
and start to heal.
and start to heal.
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da izraze traumu i da počnu oporavak.
06:42
Remember BFIB?
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Sećate li se „KLUB“-a?
06:46
That was a real experience
for one of my patients,
for one of my patients,
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To je bilo stvarno iskustvo
jednog mog pacijenta,
jednog mog pacijenta,
06:49
and when he created his mask,
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i kad je napravio masku,
06:50
he was able to let go
of that haunting image.
of that haunting image.
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mogao je da se oslobodi
slike koja ga je proganjala.
slike koja ga je proganjala.
06:54
Initially, it was a daunting process
for the service member,
for the service member,
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U početku, bio je to
mukotrpan proces za njega,
mukotrpan proces za njega,
06:57
but eventually he began
to think of BFIB as the mask,
to think of BFIB as the mask,
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ali na kraju je počeo da razmišlja
o „KLUB“-u kao o maski,
o „KLUB“-u kao o maski,
07:00
not his internal wound,
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a ne kao o unutrašnjoj rani,
07:02
and he would go to leave each session,
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i na kraju svake sesije
predao bi mi masku, govoreći:
„Melisa, čuvaj ga.“
„Melisa, čuvaj ga.“
07:04
he would hand me the mask,
and say, "Melissa, take care of him."
and say, "Melissa, take care of him."
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07:08
Eventually, we placed BFIB in a box
to further contain him,
to further contain him,
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Na kraju smo smestili „KLUB“
u kutiju za dalje čuvanje
u kutiju za dalje čuvanje
07:12
and when the service member
went to leave the NICoE,
went to leave the NICoE,
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i kada je napuštao Centar izvrsnosti,
odlučio je da „KLUB“ ostavi za sobom.
07:15
he chose to leave BFIB behind.
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07:18
A year later, he had only seen BFIB twice,
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Godinu dana kasnije.
samo je dvaput pogledao „KLUB“,
samo je dvaput pogledao „KLUB“,
07:20
and both times BFIB was smiling
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i oba puta se „KLUB“ smeškao,
07:22
and the service member
didn't feel anxious.
didn't feel anxious.
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i pripadnik službe
se nije osećao uznemireno.
se nije osećao uznemireno.
Sada, kad god bi ga proganjalo
neko traumatsko sećanje,
neko traumatsko sećanje,
07:26
Now, whenever that service member
is haunted by some traumatic memory,
is haunted by some traumatic memory,
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07:29
he continues to paint.
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on bi nastavio da slika.
07:32
Every time he paints
these disturbing images,
these disturbing images,
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Svaki put kada slika
ove uznemirujuće slike,
ove uznemirujuće slike,
07:34
he sees them less or not at all.
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sve ih manje vidi, ili ih ne vidi uopšte.
07:39
Philosophers have told us
for thousands of years
for thousands of years
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Hiljadama godina su nas filozofi učili
07:42
that the power to create
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da je stvaralačka snaga
u veoma tesnoj vezi sa rušilačkom snagom.
07:44
is very closely linked
to the power to destroy.
to the power to destroy.
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07:47
Now science is showing us
that the part of the brain
that the part of the brain
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Sada nam nauka predočava da deo mozga
koji registruje traumatsku povredu
07:50
that registers a traumatic wound
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07:52
can be the part of the brain
where healing happens too.
where healing happens too.
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može biti deo mozga
gde se dešava i oporavak.
gde se dešava i oporavak.
07:55
And art therapy is showing us
how to make that connection.
how to make that connection.
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Umetnička terapija pokazuje
kako da to povežemo.
kako da to povežemo.
08:00
We asked one of our service members
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Zamolili smo jednog pripadnika službe
08:02
to describe how mask-making
impacted his treatment,
impacted his treatment,
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da opiše kako je na njegovo lečenje
uticalo pravljenje maske,
uticalo pravljenje maske,
08:05
and this is what he had to say.
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i evo šta je rekao:
08:07
(Video) Service Member:
You sort of just zone out into the mask.
You sort of just zone out into the mask.
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(Video) Pripadnik službe:
Izgubljeno gledaš u masku.
Izgubljeno gledaš u masku.
Izgubljeno gledaš u sliku,
08:10
You zone out into the drawing,
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i to za mene oslobađa stege,
08:12
and for me, it just released the block,
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08:16
so I was able to do it.
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pa sam tako uspeo.
08:19
And then when I looked at it
after two days, I was like,
after two days, I was like,
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Kada sam je pogledao
posle dva dana, rekao sam:
posle dva dana, rekao sam:
08:23
"Holy crap, here's the picture,
here's the key, here's the puzzle,"
here's the key, here's the puzzle,"
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„Boga ti, evo slike,
evo ključa, evo zagonetke,“
evo ključa, evo zagonetke,“
08:26
and then from there it just soared.
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i samo je odlepršala.
08:28
I mean, from there
my treatment just when out of sight,
my treatment just when out of sight,
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Od tada je moje lečenje
postalo neverovatno,
postalo neverovatno,
08:32
because they were like,
Kurt, explain this, explain this.
Kurt, explain this, explain this.
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jer nekako su navodile:
„Kurte, objasni ovo, objasni ovo.“
„Kurte, objasni ovo, objasni ovo.“
08:34
And for the first time in 23 years,
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I prvi put za 23 godine
08:36
I could actually talk about stuff
openly to, like, anybody.
openly to, like, anybody.
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mogao sam da govorim
o problemu otvoreno, bilo kome.
o problemu otvoreno, bilo kome.
08:39
I could talk to you about it
right now if I wanted to,
right now if I wanted to,
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Mogao bih govoriti o tome
i sa vama ako bih hteo,
i sa vama ako bih hteo,
08:42
because it unlocked it.
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jer sam ga otključao.
To je neverovatno.
08:45
It's just amazing.
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08:46
And it allowed me to put 23 years of PTSD
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Omogućilo mi je
da smestim 23 godine PTSP-a
da smestim 23 godine PTSP-a
08:52
and TBI stuff together in one place
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i TPM-a na jednom mestu,
08:58
that has never happened before.
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što se nikad pre nije dogodilo.
09:02
Sorry.
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Izvinite.
09:03
Melissa Walker: Over the past five years,
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Melisa Voker: U proteklih pet godina
napravljeno je više od 1 000 maski.
09:05
we've had over 1,000 masks made.
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09:09
It's pretty amazing, isn't it?
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Neverovatno, zar ne?
09:12
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:19
I wish I could have shared
this process with my grandfather,
this process with my grandfather,
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Volela bih da sam mogla da podelim
ovaj proces i sa svojim dedom,
ovaj proces i sa svojim dedom,
09:23
but I know that he would be thrilled
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ali znam da bi on bio oduševljen,
09:27
that we are finding ways
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jer pronalazimo načine
09:28
to help today's and tomorrow's
service members heal,
service members heal,
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za lečenje sadašnjih i budućih
pripadnika službe,
pripadnika službe,
09:33
and finding the resources within them
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i pronalazimo resurse u njima
09:36
that they can call upon
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koje mogu da prizovu
09:38
to heal themselves.
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da bi izlečili sami sebe.
09:41
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Melissa Walker - Creative arts therapistMelissa Walker helps military service members recover from traumatic brain injury and mental illness.
Why you should listen
Melissa Walker is a creative arts therapist at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, a directorate of Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. She works with active duty service members suffering from traumatic brain injury and psychological health conditions.
Dedicated to helping recovering service members safely express their deep thoughts and emotions in a creative environment, Walker designed the Healing Arts Program at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence in 2010, where she engages her patients in mask-making, a powerful mechanism for helping them express their invisible wounds. Walker received her Master's Degree in art therapy from New York University.
Melissa Walker | Speaker | TED.com