TEDxBG
Steve Keil: A manifesto for play, for Bulgaria and beyond
史蒂夫. 凯尔：致保加利亚与全世界--玩耍的启示
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在保加利亚首都索菲亚进行的TED系列演讲中，史蒂夫.凯尔反对影响家乡保加利亚的“严重的文化基因”--呼唤在玩乐中振兴经济，教育和社会。这是一段发人深省的演讲，让全世界正在重塑职场，学校和生活的人们找到了共鸣。
Steve Keil - Entrepreneur
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals. Full bio
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here today
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我今天来这里的目的
00:18
to start a revolution.
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是开启一场革命
00:20
Now before you get up in arms,
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不过在你们揭竿而起
00:22
or you break into song,
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纵情歌唱
00:24
or you pick a favorite color,
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或是选择幸运色之前
00:26
I want to define what I mean by revolution.
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让我先来为“革命”下个定义
00:29
By revolution,
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我所谓的“革命”
00:31
I mean a drastic and far-reaching change
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是指我们思考和行为上
00:34
in the way we think and behave --
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急剧而深远的变革──
00:37
the way we think and the way we behave.
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我们思考和行动的方式
00:40
Now why, Steve, why do we need a revolution?
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也许你会问了：史蒂夫，我们为什么需要一场革命呢？
00:43
We need a revolution
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我们需要一场革命
00:45
because things aren't working; they're just not working.
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因为事情行不通了；完全行不通了
00:48
And that makes me really sad
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我因此而难过
00:50
because I'm sick and tired of things not working.
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因为我对行不通的事情感到厌烦
00:53
You know, I'm sick and tired of us not living up to our potential.
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我受够了看着我们的潜能得不到完全施展
00:56
I'm sick and tired of us being last.
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我已厌倦我们处于最后一名的窘境
00:59
And we are last place in so many things --
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而我们恰恰在很多事情上都处于最后一名──
01:02
for example, social factors.
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比如说，社会的各个方面
01:05
We're last place in Europe in innovation.
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在“创新”方面，我们在全欧洲倒数第一
01:08
There we are right at the end, right at the bottom,
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是的，在最后，在最底部
01:11
last place as a culture that doesn't value innovation.
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被视为最不重视创新的民族
01:14
We're last place in health care,
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在医疗方面，我们也是最后一名
01:16
and that's important for a sense of well-being.
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而医疗又是幸福感的重要保证
01:18
And there we are, not just last in the E.U.,
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我们不仅在欧盟国家中排在最后
01:20
we're last in Europe, at the very bottom.
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在整个欧洲都是垫底
01:22
And worst of all,
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而最糟糕的是──
01:24
it just came out three weeks ago, many of you have seen it, The Economist.
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你们也许在三个星期前出版的《经济学人》上读到了──
01:27
We're the saddest place on Earth,
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就人均GDP而言
01:30
relative to GDP per capita --
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我们是世界上最悲催的地方
01:32
the saddest place on Earth.
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甚至是整个地球上最悲催的地方
01:34
That's social. Let's look at education.
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这些只是社会层面，我们再来看看教育
01:37
Where do we rank three weeks ago
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在另一份由经济合作与发展组织(OECD)三个星期前发表的报告中
01:39
in another report by the OECD?
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我们的排名又是怎样呢？
01:41
Last in reading, math and science. Last.
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阅读、数学和科学都垫底
01:44
Business:
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商业方面：
01:46
The lowest perception in the E.U.
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在所有欧盟国家中
01:48
that entrepreneurs provide benefits to society.
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我们对创业者为社会带来福利最不看好
01:51
Why as a result, what happens?
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结果呢？
01:53
The lowest percentage of entrepreneurs starting businesses.
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我们的自主创业百分比垫底
01:56
And this is despite the fact
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而我们都知道
01:58
that everybody knows that small business
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小型企业
02:00
is the engine of economies.
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才是经济发展的引擎
02:02
We hire the most people; we create the most taxes.
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我们小型企业提供最多的就业岗位，在税收方面贡献最高
02:05
So if our engine's broken, guess what?
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如果引擎坏了，结果又会如何呢？
02:08
Last in Europe GDP per capita.
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在欧洲人均GDP上，我们再度排名最后
02:11
Last.
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最后一名
02:13
So it's no surprise, guys, that 62 percent of Bulgarians
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难怪62%的保加利亚人
02:16
are not optimistic about the future.
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都对未来不抱乐观心态
02:18
We're unhappy, we have bad education,
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我们生活不幸福，我们的教育质量很差
02:20
and we have the worst businesses.
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我们在商业上也一败涂地
02:23
And these are facts, guys.
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这些都是血淋淋的事实，朋友们
02:25
This isn't story tale; it's not make-believe.
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这不是凭空捏造的
02:28
It's not.
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不是的
02:30
It's not a conspiracy I have got against Bulgaria. These are facts.
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这不是我针对保加利亚的阴谋，这些都是事实
02:33
So I think it should be really, really clear
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我认为一切都是显而易见的：
02:35
that our system is broken.
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我们的体系已经支离破碎
02:37
The way we think, the way we behave,
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我们思考、行为的方式
02:39
our operating system of behaving is broken.
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我们的行为操作系统都已支离破碎
02:41
We need a drastic change in the way we think and behave
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我们必须要在思维与行为方式上作出巨大改变
02:44
to transform Bulgaria for the better,
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让保加利亚变得更好
02:46
for ourselves, for our friends,
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为了我们自己，为了我们的朋友
02:48
for our family and for our future.
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为了我们的家人和未来
02:50
How did this happen?
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这一切都是怎么发生的呢？
02:52
Let's be positive now. We're going to get positive. How did this happen?
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我们应该以积极的心态看待问题。这一切都是怎么发生的？
02:55
I think we're last because --
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我认为我们处在最后一名的原因在于──
02:57
and this is going to be drastic to some of you --
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对于你们中的某些人来说，这听起来可能不可思议──
02:59
because we are handicapping ourselves.
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原因在于我们裹住了自己的手脚
03:01
We're holding ourselves back
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而我们裹足不前的原因
03:03
because we don't value play.
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在于我们不重视玩耍
03:05
I said "play," all right.
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没错，“玩耍”
03:07
In case some of you forgot what play is, this is what play looks like.
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如果在座有人已经忘了玩耍为何物，这就是玩耍
03:10
Babies play, kids play,
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婴儿玩耍，孩童玩耍
03:12
adults play.
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成年人也玩耍
03:14
We don't value play.
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而我们不重视玩耍
03:16
In fact, we devalue play.
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事实上，我们摒弃玩耍
03:18
And we devalue it in three areas.
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我们从三个方面摒弃玩耍
03:20
Let's go back to the same three areas.
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我们再从这三个方面来看
03:22
Social: 45 years of what?
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社会：45年的...
03:24
Of communism --
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共产主义--
03:26
of valuing the society and the state over the individual
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社会与国家利益高于个人利益
03:29
and squashing, inadvertently,
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不经意间，创意、
03:31
creativity, individual self-expression and innovation.
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个人思想表达和创新遭到践踏
03:35
And instead, what do we value?
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相反，我们重视的是什么？
03:37
Because it's shown
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显而易见
03:39
the way we apply, generate and use knowledge
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我们应用知识的方式
03:43
is affected by our social and institutional context,
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受到了社会与结构背景的影响
03:45
which told us what in communism?
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共产主义要求我们怎么做？
03:47
To be serious.
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要严肃
03:49
To be really, really serious.
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非常非常严肃
03:51
It did.
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就是这样
03:53
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
03:57
Be serious.
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严肃
03:59
I can't tell you how many times I've been scolded in the park
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我都不记得有多少次，我在公园里被人批评
04:02
for letting my kids play on the ground.
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就因为我让自己的孩子在地上玩耍
04:06
Heaven forbid they play in the dirt, the kal,
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他们不能在泥（кал，保加利亚语）里玩耍
04:09
or even worse, lokvi, water -- that will kill them.
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或在水里（保加利亚语）玩耍，他们会有生命危险
04:12
I have been told by babas and dyados
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一些人（保加利亚语）告诉我
04:14
that we shouldn't let our kids play so much
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我们不该老让孩子去玩
04:17
because life is serious
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生活是严肃的
04:19
and we need to train them for the seriousness of life.
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我们必须训练他们严肃对待生活
04:21
We have a serious meme running through.
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我们之中蔓延着一种严肃的文化基因
04:24
It's a social gene running through us.
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这是我们体内的一种社会基因
04:26
It's a serious gene.
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一种严肃的基因
04:28
It's 45 years of it
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在这45年里
04:30
that's created what I call the "baba factor."
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它是由被我称为“爸爸因素”的东西生成的
04:32
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
04:34
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
04:36
And here's how it works.
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情况是这样的
04:38
Step one: woman says, "I want to have a baby. Iskam baby."
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第一步：女人说：“我想要个孩子。”
04:41
Step two: we get the baby. Woohoo!
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第二步：我们有了孩子。哦吼！
04:43
But then what happens in step three?
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那么第三步呢？
04:45
I want to go back to work
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我想回去工作
04:47
because I need to further my career or I just want to go have coffees.
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我想进一步发展事业，或者我只是想偷闲喝喝咖啡
04:50
I'm going to give bebko to baba.
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我要把孩子交给他爸爸（保加利亚语）
04:53
But we need to remember
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我们别忘了
04:55
that baba's been infected by the serious meme for 45 years.
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爸爸已经受到了严肃文化基因45年的影响
04:58
So what happens?
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结果呢？
05:00
She passes that virus on to baby,
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她将病毒传染给了孩子
05:03
and it takes a really, really, really long time -- as the redwood trees --
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必须经过很长很长很长一段时间--就像红木林--
05:07
for that serious meme
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这严肃文化基因
05:09
to get out of our operating system.
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才能够完全脱离我们的行为体系
05:12
What happens then?
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接着呢？
05:14
It goes into education where we have an antiquated education system
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它进入了教育领域，而我们的教育制度抱残守旧
05:17
that has little changed for 100 years,
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在一百年时间里几乎没有改变
05:19
that values rote learning,
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只注重生搬硬套
05:21
memorization and standardization,
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死记硬背和墨守陈规
05:23
and devalues self-expression, self-exploration,
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摒弃自我思想表达，探寻自我
05:26
questioning, creativity and play.
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批判思维，创意和玩乐
05:28
It's a crap system.
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这是个狗屎体系
05:30
True story: I went looking for a school for my kid.
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真实故事：我去为孩子找学校
05:34
We went to this prestigious little school
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我们去到了这所名声在外的小学校
05:36
and they say they're going to study math 10 times a week
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他们说学生每周要学10堂数学
05:38
and science eight times a week
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8堂科学
05:40
and reading five times a day and all this stuff.
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每天学习5堂阅读，如是如是
05:42
And we said, "Well what about play and recess?"
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我们问：“那么，玩耍和休息的时间呢？”
05:45
And they said, "Ha. There won't be a single moment in the schedule."
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他们说：“哈，一分钟都没有。”
05:48
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
05:50
And we said, "He's five."
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我们说：“他才五岁啊。”
05:52
What a crime. What a crime.
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这是造孽啊，造孽啊
05:54
And it's a crime
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这的确是造孽
05:56
that our education system is so serious because education is serious
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我们的教育制度过于严肃
05:59
that we're creating mindless, robotic workers
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致使我们生产的尽是没有思想的机械工人
06:01
to put bolts in pre-drilled holes.
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把螺丝钉安进事先钻好的孔里
06:03
But I'm sorry, the problems of today
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很遗憾，今天的问题
06:05
are not the problems of the Industrial Revolution.
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并不是工业革命中的问题
06:07
We need adaptability,
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我们需要的是适应能力
06:09
the ability to learn how to be creative and innovative.
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也就是学会创造革新的能力
06:12
We don't need mechanized workers.
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我们不需要机械工人
06:14
But no, now our meme goes into work where we don't value play.
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但不行啊，我们的文化基因使得我们不重视玩乐
06:17
We create robotic workers that we treat like assets,
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我们生产机械工人，还把他们当作资产
06:20
to lever and just throw away.
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拿起来再丢弃
06:22
What are qualities of a Bulgarian work?
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保加利亚人的工作有哪些品质？
06:25
Autocratic --
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独断专横--
06:27
do what I say because I'm the chef.
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我是老大，我说的算
06:29
I'm the boss and I know better than you.
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我是老板，比你更懂
06:31
Untrusting -- you're obviously a criminal, so I'm going to install cameras.
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不信任--你明显是个罪犯，我得装几个摄像头了
06:34
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
06:36
Controlling --
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指手画脚--
06:38
you're obviously an idiot, so I'm going to make
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你明显是个白痴
06:40
a zillion little processes for you to follow so you don't step out of the box.
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我要设计成千上百的小步骤好让你遵守，这样你就不会做错了
06:43
So they're restrictive -- don't use your mobile phone,
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他们还很严苛--不许用手机
06:45
don't use your laptop, don't search the Internet,
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不许用笔记本电脑，不许上网
06:47
don't be on I.M.
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不许聊QQ
06:49
That's somehow unprofessional and bad.
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这样太不专业，影响太坏了
06:51
And at the end of the day, it's unfulfilling
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到头来，这工作一点成就感都没有
06:53
because you're controlled, you're restricted, you're not valued
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你受人摆布，受到限制，还不被看重
06:56
and you're not having any fun.
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你得不到任何乐趣
06:58
In social, in education and in our business,
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不论是在社会上，教育上还是经济上
07:00
don't value play.
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玩耍都得不到重视
07:02
And that's why we're last,
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正因如此，我们才落于人后
07:04
because we don't value play.
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因为我们不重视玩耍
07:06
And you can say, "That's ridiculous, Steve. What a dumb idea.
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你会反驳说：“真荒谬，史蒂夫，这想法太不靠谱了。
07:09
It can't be because of play.
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怎么可能是因为玩耍呢。
07:11
Just play, that's a stupid thing."
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玩耍，太蠢了。”
07:13
We have the serious meme in us.
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我们被严肃的文化基因毒害了
07:15
Well I'm going to say no.
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现在我要对它说不
07:17
And I will prove it to you in the next part of the speech --
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我下面就会证明给你们看--
07:20
that play is the catalyst, it is the revolution,
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玩耍就是载体，就是革命
07:23
that we can use to transform Bulgaria for the better.
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能够为我们所用来把保加利亚变得更美好
07:26
Play:
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玩耍：
07:28
our brains
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我们的大脑
07:30
are hardwired for play.
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是专为玩耍而设计的
07:32
Evolution has selected,
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动物和人类
07:34
over millions and billions of years,
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经过了几百万乃至几十亿年的进化
07:37
for play in animals and in humans.
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善于玩耍
07:40
And you know what?
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你知道吗？
07:42
Evolution does a really, really good job
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进化非常有效
07:44
of deselecting traits that aren't advantageous to us
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将我们不利的身体特征淘汰
07:47
and selecting traits for competitive advantage.
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而保留了有利于竞争的特征
07:50
Nature isn't stupid, and it selected for play.
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大自然可不笨，它让进化为玩耍而服务
07:53
Throughout the animal kingdom, for example:
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例如，在动物界中
07:55
ants. Ants play.
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蚂蚁，善于玩耍
07:57
Maybe you didn't know that.
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也许你还不知道
07:59
But when they're playing,
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它们在玩耍时
08:01
they're learning the social order and dynamics of things.
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学习社会秩序和事物的运行
08:03
Rats play, but what you might not have known
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老鼠也玩耍，而你们可能不知道
08:05
is that rats that play more
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更好玩的老鼠
08:07
have bigger brains
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拥有更大的大脑
08:09
and they learn tasks better,
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它们更善于学习任务
08:11
skills.
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技能
08:13
Kittens play. We all know kittens play.
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我们都知道猫咪们好玩耍
08:15
But what you may not know
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而你们可能不知道
08:17
is that kittens deprived of play
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如果不让小猫玩耍
08:20
are unable to interact socially.
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那么它们就无法与其它猫交流
08:22
They can still hunt, but they can't be social.
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它们仍旧能够捕猎，但却无法互动
08:25
Bears play.
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熊也玩耍
08:27
But what you may not know
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而你们可能不知道
08:29
is that bears that play more survive longer.
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更会玩的熊能够活得更久
08:32
It's not the bears that learn how to fish better.
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活得更久的不是那些善于捕鱼的熊
08:34
It's the ones that play more.
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而是那些更会玩的熊
08:37
And a final really interesting study --
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最后，一项非常有趣的研究表明
08:39
it's been shown, a correlation
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玩耍与脑子的大小
08:41
between play and brain size.
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是有关联的
08:43
The more you play, the bigger the brains there are.
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玩得越多，脑子越大
08:46
Dolphins, pretty big brains, play a lot.
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海豚拥有很大的脑子，善于玩耍
08:49
But who do you think
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而你知道
08:51
with the biggest brains are the biggest players?
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谁的脑子最大，谁才是最大的玩家吗？
08:54
Yours truly: humans.
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答案是：我们的脑子，我们人类
08:56
Kids play, we play --
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孩子玩耍，我们玩耍--
08:58
of every nationality, of every race,
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每个国家，每个种族
09:00
of every color, of every religion.
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每种肤色，每种宗教
09:02
It's a universal thing -- we play.
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这是我们的共同点--玩耍
09:04
And it's not just kids, it's adults too.
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玩耍并不只是儿童的专利，大人们也玩耍
09:07
Really cool term: neoteny --
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非常酷的称谓：童心未泯--
09:09
the retention of play and juvenile traits in adults.
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少年好玩的天性在成年人内心的延续
09:12
And who are the biggest neotenists?
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谁最童心未泯？
09:14
Humans. We play sports.
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人类。我们玩运动
09:16
We do it for fun, or as Olympians, or as professionals.
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为娱乐，或作为奥林匹克运动员，或作为职业选手
09:18
We play musical instruments.
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我们玩乐器
09:20
We dance, we kiss, we sing,
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我们跳舞，亲吻，歌唱
09:22
we just goof around.
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我们追逐打闹
09:24
We're designed by nature to play
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我们天生就会玩耍
09:27
from birth to old age.
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从生到老
09:30
We're designed to do that continuously --
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我们天生
09:33
to play and play a lot
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就喜欢一直玩
09:35
and not stop playing.
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不停地玩
09:37
It is a huge benefit.
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这是很大的优势
09:40
Just like there's benefits to animals,
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对动物有利
09:42
there's benefits to humans.
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对人类也有利
09:44
For example, it's been shown
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例如，研究表明
09:46
to stimulate neural growth in the amygdala,
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玩耍能够刺激扁桃腺
09:48
in the area where it controls emotions.
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情绪控制区的神经增长
09:50
It's been shown to promote pre-frontal cortex development
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玩耍还能够促进前脑皮层的发展
09:53
where a lot of cognition is happening.
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这正是意识形成的区域
09:55
As a result, what happens?
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那么结果呢？
09:57
We develop more emotional maturity if we play more.
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我们玩得越多，我们的情绪成熟度就越高
10:00
We develop better decision-making ability
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我们玩得越多
10:02
if we play more.
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我们的决策能力越强
10:04
These guys are facts.
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这些都是事实
10:06
It's not fiction, it's not story tales, it's not make-believe;
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不是小说，童话或瞎掰
10:08
it's cold, hard science.
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这是冷冰冰的科学
10:10
These are the benefits to play.
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这些是玩耍带来的好处
10:13
It is a genetic birthright that we have,
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就像行走、说话或睁眼看世界一样
10:16
like walking or speaking or seeing.
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玩耍是我们与生俱来的权利
10:19
And if we handicap ourselves with play,
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而如果不让自己玩耍
10:21
we handicap ourselves
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我们的身体就会像失去了其它与生俱来的权利一样
10:23
as if we would with any other birthright that we have.
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变得残缺不全
10:25
We hold ourselves back.
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我们束缚了自己的手脚
10:29
Little exercise just for a second:
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做个简短的练习
10:31
close your eyes
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你们闭上眼睛
10:33
and try to imagine a world without play.
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试着想象一个没有玩乐的世界
10:36
Imagine a world without theater, without the arts,
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想象一个没有剧院，没有艺术
10:39
without song, without dancing,
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没有歌曲，没有舞蹈
10:42
without soccer, without football,
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没有足球，没有橄榄球
10:44
without laughter.
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没有笑声的世界
10:46
What does this world look like?
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这是一个什么样的世界？
10:48
It's pretty bleak.
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相当惨白
10:50
It's pretty glum.
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相当悲催
10:52
Now imagine your workplace.
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现在想象你的工作场所
10:54
Is it fun? Is it playful?
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那里有趣吗？好玩吗？
10:56
Or maybe the workplace of your friends -- here we're forward thinking.
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或想象你朋友的工作场所--我们做换位思考
10:59
Is it fun? Is it playful?
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那里有趣吗？好玩吗？
11:01
Or is it crap? Is it autocratic, controlling,
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还是没意思？机械化，控制欲强
11:04
restrictive and untrusting and unfulfilling?
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诸多限制，没有信任，没有成就感？
11:09
We have this concept
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我们总以为
11:11
that the opposite of play is work.
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工作与玩乐是水火不容的
11:14
We even feel guilty if we're seen playing at work.
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我们甚至会为边工作边玩耍而感到羞愧
11:17
"Oh, my colleagues see me laughing. I must not have enough work,"
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“哦，我的同事看见我在笑。我肯定没好好工作。”
11:20
or, "Oh, I've got to hide because my boss might see me.
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或者，“哦，我必须偷偷摸摸地，免得让老板看见。
11:23
He's going to think I'm not working hard."
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他会认为我没有卖力工作。”
11:26
But I have news for you: our thinking is backwards.
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告诉你个消息：我们把这想反了
11:28
The opposite of play
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玩乐的反义词
11:30
is not work.
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并不是工作
11:32
The opposite of play
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玩乐的反义词
11:34
is depression. It's depression.
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是压迫，压迫
11:37
In fact,
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事实上
11:39
play improves our work.
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玩耍能够改善我们的工作
11:41
Just like there's benefits for humans and animals,
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玩耍能够给人类与动物带来好处
11:43
there's benefits for play at work.
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它同样可以为工作造福
11:45
For example, it stimulates creativity.
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比如，它能促进创新能力
11:49
It increases our openness to change.
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让我们更敢于做出改变
11:52
It improves our ability to learn.
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提高我们的学习能力
11:54
It provides a sense of purpose and mastery --
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让我们更有目标和掌控力--
11:56
two key motivational things
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这是玩耍
11:58
that increase productivity,
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提高生产力的
12:00
through play.
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两个关键动因
12:02
So before you start thinking of play as just not serious,
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不要急着认为玩耍就是不严肃
12:05
play doesn't mean frivolous.
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玩耍并不意味着不正经
12:07
You know, the professional athlete that loves skiing,
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正如，一位职业运动员喜爱滑雪
12:09
he's serious about it, but he loves it.
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他的态度是严肃的，但他热爱滑雪
12:12
He's having fun, he's in the groove, he's in the flow.
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他感到愉快，他玩得酣畅淋漓
12:15
A doctor might be serious,
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一位医生可能很严肃
12:17
but laughter's still a great medicine.
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但欢笑也是一种灵丹妙药
12:21
Our thinking is backwards.
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我们都想反了
12:23
We shouldn't be feeling guilty.
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我们不应该感到羞愧
12:25
We should be celebrating play.
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我们应为玩耍而欢庆
12:27
Quick example from the corporate world.
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举一个企业的例子
12:29
FedEx, easy motto: people, service, profit.
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联邦快递，口号很简练：人，服务，利润
12:32
If you treat your people like people, if you treat them great,
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如果你人性地对待人，好好对待他们
12:35
they're happier, they're fulfilled, they have a sense of mastery and purpose.
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他们就会更开心，更有成就感，他们做事就更有掌控力和目的性
12:38
What happens? They give better service --
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结果呢？他们提供更优质的服务
12:40
not worse, but better.
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不是更差而是更优
12:42
And when customers call for service
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当顾客打电话要求服务
12:44
and they're dealing with happy people that can make decisions and are fulfilled,
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和他们打交道的是有主见有成就感的快乐人群
12:47
how do the customers feel? They feel great.
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这些顾客的感觉如何？他们感觉棒极了
12:49
And what do great customers do, great-feeling customers?
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而这些感觉良好的顾客会怎么做呢？
12:52
They buy more of your service and they tell more of their friends,
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他们会购买更多的服务，并向自己的朋友推荐
12:54
which leads to more profit.
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于是更多利润产生了
12:56
People, service, profit.
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这就是人，服务，利润
12:58
Play increases productivity, not decreases.
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玩耍提高了而不是减低了生产力
13:01
And you're going to say,
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你可能会说：
13:03
"Gee, that can work for FedEx out there in the United States,
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“切，这一套在美国的联邦快递行得通，
13:05
but it can't work in Bulgaria.
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这在保加利亚就不灵了。
13:07
No way. We're different."
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没门。我们不一样。”
13:09
It does work in Bulgaria, you guys. Two reasons.
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朋友们，这在保加利亚是行得通的。原因有二
13:11
One, play is universal.
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第一，玩耍是世界通用的
13:13
There's nothing weird about Bulgarians that we can't play,
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只要摒弃了原有的严肃文化基因
13:16
besides the serious meme that we have to kick out.
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我们保加利亚人玩耍就是无可厚非的
13:18
Two, I've tried it. I've tried at Sciant.
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第二，我尝试过了。我在Sciant尝试过了
13:21
When I got there, we had zero happy customers.
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我刚到的时候，我们没有一个开心的顾客
13:23
Not one customer would refer us.
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没有一个顾客推荐我们
13:25
I asked them all.
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我一个个都问过了
13:27
We had marginal profit -- I did.
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而我们有边际利润--我认为有
13:29
We had marginal profits,
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我们有边际利润
13:31
and we had unhappy stakeholders.
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还有不开心的利益相关方
13:33
Through some basic change,
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通过一些基本的改变
13:35
change like improving transparency,
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包括提高透明度
13:38
change like promoting self-direction
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鼓励自主决策
13:40
and collaboration, encouraging collaboration,
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协同合作，鼓励合作
13:43
not autocracy,
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而不是机械化
13:45
the things like having a results-focus.
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应注重结果
13:47
I don't care when you get in in the morning. I don't care when you leave.
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我不管你是不是一大早来上班，也不在乎你什么时候下班
13:50
I care that your customer and your team is happy
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我只关心你的客户和团队是否开心
13:52
and you're organized with that.
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而你是否为此做好了安排
13:54
Why do I care if you get in at nine o'clock?
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你是否九点钟来上班与我何干呢？
13:56
Basically promoting fun.
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要让工作更有意思
13:58
Through promoting fun and a great environment,
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通过活跃并创造良好气氛
14:01
we were able to transform Sciant
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我们在短短三年内
14:03
and, in just three short years --
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改变了Sciant--
14:05
sounds like a long time, but change is slow --
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似乎时间不短，但变革的进行急不得
14:07
every customer, from zero to every customer referring us,
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每一位顾客，从零到所有顾客，都推崇我们
14:10
above average profits for the industry
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利润超过了行业平均水平
14:12
and happy stakeholders.
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让利益相关方感到开心
14:14
And you can say, "Well how do you know they're happy?"
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你可能会说：“你怎么知道他们开心呢？”
14:16
Well we did win, every year that we entered,
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因为每一年我们都进入了
14:18
one of the rankings for best employer for small business.
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小型企业最佳雇主排行榜
14:21
Independent analysis from anonymous employees
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这是由员工在不记名问卷上的
14:23
on their surveys.
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独立分析得出的
14:25
It does, and it can, work in Bulgaria.
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它在保加利亚是可行的
14:27
There's nothing holding us back,
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除了我们对玩耍的偏见
14:29
except our own mentality about play.
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没有什么能够阻止我们
14:32
So some steps that we can take -- to finish up --
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作为结尾，我们可以通过几个步骤
14:35
how to make this revolution through play.
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通过玩耍来促成这场革命
14:37
First of all, you have to believe me.
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首先，你们必须相信我
14:39
If you don't believe me,
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如果你们不信我
14:41
well just go home and think about it some more or something.
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那就请回家后再好好想想
14:43
Second of all, if you don't have the feeling of play in you,
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第二，如果你没有玩耍的意兴
14:46
you need to rediscover play.
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你需要重新发现玩耍的乐趣
14:48
Whatever it was that as a kid you used to enjoy,
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你儿时所享受的快乐
14:50
that you enjoyed only six months ago,
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或是你六个月前所享受的快乐
14:52
but now that you've got that promotion you can't enjoy,
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而现在你因为升了职而享受不到
14:54
because you feel like you have to be serious,
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因为你认为自己应该严肃些
14:56
rediscover it.
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重新发现你的玩乐吧
14:58
I don't care if it's mountain biking or reading a book or playing a game.
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不管是骑山地自行车，阅读或玩游戏
15:00
Rediscover that
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重新发现其中乐趣吧
15:02
because you're the leaders,
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你就是先锋
15:04
the innovation leaders, the thought leaders.
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是创新的先锋，思想的先锋
15:06
You're the ones that have to go back to the office
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你们要回到办公室
15:08
or talk to your friends
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或告诉你们的朋友
15:10
and ignite the fire of change in the play revolution.
380
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为玩耍的革命点燃星星之火
15:13
You guys have to, and if you're not feeling it,
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你们必须这么做，如果你
15:15
your colleagues, your employees, aren't going to feel it.
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你的同事，员工感觉不到
15:18
You've got to go back and say, "Hey, I'm going to trust you."
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你就必须回去，说：“嘿，我相信你。”
15:21
Weird concept: I hired you; I should trust you.
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多新鲜啊。我聘用你，我就该相信你
15:24
I'm going to let you make decisions. I'm going to empower you,
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我让你做主。我把权力交给你
15:27
and I'm going to delegate to the lowest level, rather than the top.
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我要把权力交给最基层而不是最高层的人员
15:30
I'm going to encourage constructive criticism.
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我要鼓励有建设性的批评
15:33
I'm going to let you challenge authority.
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我要让你们挑战权威
15:35
Because it's by challenging the way things are always done
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只有挑战我们一贯做事的方法
15:38
is that we are able to break out of the rut that we're in
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我们才能从抱残守旧中解脱出来
15:40
and create innovative solutions
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才能想出具有创意的办法
15:42
to problems of today.
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解决今天的问题
15:44
We're not always right as leaders.
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作为领导人，我们不可能总是对的
15:46
We're going to eradicate fear.
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我们要根除恐惧
15:48
Fear is the enemy of play.
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恐惧是玩乐的天敌
15:51
And we're going to do things
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我们要采取行动
15:53
like eliminate restrictions.
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要消除严格限制
15:55
You know what, let them use their mobile phone
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让他们用手机
15:57
for personal calls -- heaven forbid.
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打私人电话--随他们吧
16:00
Let them be on the Internet.
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让他们上网
16:02
Let them be on instant messengers.
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让他们网聊
16:05
Let them take long lunches.
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让他们吃个长长的午餐
16:09
Lunch is like the recess for work.
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午餐就是工作的休息时间
16:11
It's when you go out in the world
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你可以在午餐时出去走走
16:13
and you recharge your brain, you meet your friends,
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给大脑充电，与友人相约
16:15
you have a beer, you have some food, you talk,
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来瓶啤酒，点几道小菜，谈笑风生
16:18
you get some synergy of ideas
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交流一下想法
16:20
that maybe you wouldn't have had before.
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你可能会获得之前没有过的点子
16:22
Let them do it. Give them some freedom,
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放手让他们去做。给他们一些自由
16:25
and in general, let them play. Let them have fun at the workplace.
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总的说，就是让他们去玩。让他们在职场上玩乐
16:28
We spend so much of our lives at the workplace,
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我们在职场上投入了那么多时间
16:31
and it's supposed to be, what, a miserable grind,
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工作应该是，啥，一件苦差事？
16:33
so that 20 years from now, we wake up and say, "Is this it?
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二十年就这么过去了，你一睁眼，说：“就这样啦？
16:36
Is that all there was?"
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就这么完了？”
16:38
Unacceptable. Nepriemliv.
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没门
16:40
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
16:43
So in summary,
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总而言之
16:45
we need a drastic change
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我们需要作出巨大的变革
16:47
in the way we think and behave,
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改变我们思考和行动的方式
16:49
but we don't need
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我们不需要
16:51
a workers' revolution.
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工人的革命
16:54
We don't need a workers' revolution.
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我们不需要工人革命
16:56
What we need
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我们需要的是
16:58
is a players' uprising.
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玩家的崛起
17:00
What we need is a players' uprising.
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我们需要的是玩家的崛起
17:03
What we need is a players' uprising.
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我们需要的是玩家的崛起
17:05
Seriously, we need to band together.
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说真的，我们必须团结一致
17:07
Today is the start of the uprising.
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今天就是崛起之日
17:09
But what you need to do
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我们需要做的是
17:11
is fan the flames of the revolution.
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煽起革命之火
17:13
You need to go and share your ideas and your success stories
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你们要将想法和成功的故事
17:16
of what worked
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四处奔走相告
17:18
about reinvigorating our lives, our schools,
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如何重塑我们的生活，我们的学校
17:21
and our work with play;
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如何将工作与玩乐相结合
17:23
about how play promotes
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玩乐如何促成
17:25
a sense of promise and self-fulfillment;
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目的性和成就感
17:28
of how play promotes innovation and productivity,
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玩乐如何推动创新和生产力；
17:32
and, ultimately, how play creates meaning.
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最重要的是，玩乐如何让一切变得有意义
17:36
Because we can't do it alone. We have to do it together,
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孤掌难鸣，我们必须协同合作
17:39
and together, if we do this and share these ideas on play,
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如果我们携手并肩，将关于玩耍的思想传播开来
17:42
we can transform Bulgaria for the better.
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我们就能把保加利亚变得更加美好
17:46
Thank you.
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感谢大家
17:48
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Keil - EntrepreneurBased in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals.
Why you should listen
Steve Keil is an entrepreneur whose passion is to create companies in which people are inspired to make their mark with their ideas and imagination. He believes that business leaders are responsible for creating such an environment, by including social and environmental objectives in their personal and business ethics. He has taught at the American College, written for various publications, and currently teaches at the University of Sofia.
He says: "I don't like plastic bottles."
Steve Keil | Speaker | TED.com