TED2018
Yasin Kakande: What's missing in the global debate over refugees
亚辛·卡坎代: 关于难民的全球辩论中，我们漏掉了什么
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在关于难民的持续辩论中，每个人都有话说——从许诺边界管制的政界人士到担心自己会失业的市民——每个人，而除了移民本人。他们为什么要来？记者及TED研究员亚辛·卡坎代解释了是什么迫使他和许多其他人逃离家园，他敦促从新的视角进行更开放的讨论。他提醒我们，因为人类的历史是一个迁徙的历史：“没有任何限制可以严格到足以阻止人类历史的移民浪潮，”他说道。
Yasin Kakande - Investigative journalist, author
Yasin Kakande is exposing the human rights abuses of migrant workers in the Middle East. Full bio
Yasin Kakande is exposing the human rights abuses of migrant workers in the Middle East. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I am an immigrant from Uganda
living in the United States
living in the United States
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我是住在美国的乌干达移民，
正在等待
00:21
while waiting for my asylum application
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我的庇护申请获得通过。
00:23
to go through.
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00:25
Migrants do not enjoy
much freedom of movement
much freedom of movement
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在我们今天的世界里，
移民没有多少行动自由。
00:29
in our world today.
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这当然包括那些
00:30
This certainly applies to those
who are desperate enough
who are desperate enough
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绝望到要坐船穿过汹涌大海的人。
00:33
to navigate choppy
and stormy seas in boats.
and stormy seas in boats.
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00:37
These are the risks my cousins
from West Africa and North Africa face
from West Africa and North Africa face
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我在西非和北非兄弟们
试图跨海去往欧洲时，
试图跨海去往欧洲时，
就要面对这样的危险。
00:42
while trying to cross over to Europe.
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00:44
Indeed, it is a rare
but fortunate opportunity
but fortunate opportunity
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确实，让一个移民在这种场合发言，
是稀有而幸运的机会。
00:48
for a migrant to address
a gathering like this.
a gathering like this.
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00:52
But this also signifies
what often is missing
what often is missing
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但这也暴露了
在关于难民
和移民迁徙的全球辩论中，
和移民迁徙的全球辩论中，
00:55
in the global debate over refugees,
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我们常常漏掉的——
00:58
migrants and immigrants,
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被剥夺权利者的声音。
01:00
voices of the disenfranchised.
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很多接收国的公民，
01:03
Citizens of many host countries,
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甚至之前欢迎新移民的那些国家，
01:05
even those that previously
welcomed newcomers,
welcomed newcomers,
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对来到他们国家的人不断增多
01:08
are uneasy about the rising
numbers of individuals
numbers of individuals
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感到不安。
01:11
coming into their countries.
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直接的批评是，
新来的人影响了，
新来的人影响了，
01:13
The immediate criticism
is that the newcomers upend the stability
is that the newcomers upend the stability
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本国的社会福利和就业稳定性。
01:17
of social welfare and employment
in their countries.
in their countries.
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不安和疑虑的人们
指望政界人士解决，
指望政界人士解决，
01:21
Uncertain and skeptical citizens
look towards politicians
look towards politicians
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政客们相互比赛，看谁能获得
01:24
who are competing against each other
to see who can claim the prize
to see who can claim the prize
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民粹主义和民族主义的最响声音。
01:29
of the loudest voice
of populism and nationalism.
of populism and nationalism.
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01:33
It is a contest of who
is the toughest on migrants,
is the toughest on migrants,
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这场比赛要看谁对移民最狠心、
谁最想实施旅游禁令，
01:38
the most willing to impose travel bans
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和谁最着急提出筑墙规划。
01:40
and the most eager to propose
projects in building walls.
projects in building walls.
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01:44
All these restrictions simply address
symptoms of the problem,
symptoms of the problem,
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所有这些限制
仅仅解决问题的表症，
仅仅解决问题的表症，
而没有指出根本原因。
01:48
not the causes.
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他们为什么要来？
01:49
Why are they coming?
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01:52
Migrants can share perspectives,
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只有政界人士愿意倾听，
移民才能分享自己的观点。
01:53
if only politicians
would be willing to listen.
would be willing to listen.
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01:57
In Dubai, I chronicled injustices
and inequalities inflicted regularly
and inequalities inflicted regularly
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在迪拜，我记录了移民劳工
经常遭受的不公正和不平等。
02:01
on the migrant labor force.
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结果，来自各国政府的压力
02:03
As a result, pressures
from the governments
from the governments
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02:06
of the respective countries
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导致我被迫失去了
02:08
led to me being forced out of my career
as a journalist in the Middle East.
as a journalist in the Middle East.
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在中东的记者工作。
02:13
I was deported to Uganda,
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我被驱逐到乌干达，
那里的经济匮乏让每个人
都面临着被饿死的危险。
都面临着被饿死的危险。
02:15
where economic deprivation
puts everyone at the risk of starvation.
puts everyone at the risk of starvation.
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我逃离乌干达，来到美国，
02:19
I fled Uganda to come to the United States
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希望能为那些兄弟姐妹发声，
02:22
in the hope of sustaining a voice
for my brothers and sisters
for my brothers and sisters
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他们在经历更严重的移民困境。
02:26
who experience a more
serious plight as migrants.
serious plight as migrants.
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02:30
My father told me he was not happy
about me writing a book
about me writing a book
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我父亲告诉我，
他对我写书这事不满意，
他对我写书这事不满意，
我写这书在冒着
被驱逐和失业的风险。
被驱逐和失业的风险。
02:34
that risked deportation and unemployment.
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我在迪拜工作时，
他已经患糖尿病多年，
他已经患糖尿病多年，
02:38
He had been diabetic for many years
when I still worked in Dubai,
when I still worked in Dubai,
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我的薪水一直足够
支付他的治疗费用。
支付他的治疗费用。
02:41
and my salary was always sufficient
to pay for his treatments.
to pay for his treatments.
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02:45
After I was expelled,
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在我被驱逐之后，
我无法再负担他的治疗，
02:47
I could not afford
to sustain his treatment,
to sustain his treatment,
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甚至在他生命的最后几天，
02:50
and even in the last days of his life,
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我也没钱送他去医院。
02:53
I could not afford
to take him to a hospital.
to take him to a hospital.
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02:56
As I carried his body in my hands
to lay it in the ground
to lay it in the ground
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去年六月，
当我抱着他的尸体埋进土里时，
03:00
in June of last year,
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我才意识到，
为了喊出自己的声音，
为了喊出自己的声音，
03:02
I realized I had paid a profound price
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我付出了巨大的代价。
03:05
for amplifying my voice.
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03:09
The act of speaking up against injustices
that are multilayered is never easy,
that are multilayered is never easy,
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声讨多层次的
不公正向来很难，
不公正向来很难，
03:16
because the problems require
more than just rhetoric.
more than just rhetoric.
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因为这些问题需要的
不仅仅是言辞。
不仅仅是言辞。
只要非洲的金矿、
油田和大农场
油田和大农场
03:20
So long as gold mines, oilfields and large
farms in Africa continue to be owned
farms in Africa continue to be owned
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继续由外国投资者所有，
03:26
by foreign investors
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且这些重要资源继续被运往西方，
03:28
and those vital resources
are shipped to the West,
are shipped to the West,
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非洲的移民迁徙就会持续不断。
03:32
the stream of African migrants
will flow continuously.
will flow continuously.
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03:37
There are no restrictions
that could ever be so rigorous
that could ever be so rigorous
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没有任何限制能够严格到
足以阻止决定人类历史的移民潮。
03:42
to stop the wave of migration
that has determined our human history.
that has determined our human history.
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在加强边境管制和
03:47
Before border controls can be tightened
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实施新签证限制之前，
03:50
and new visa restrictions imposed,
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长期接受移民的国家
03:53
countries that have long received migrants
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应该进行一场更加开放的讨论。
03:56
should engage in a more open discussion.
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那才是唯一的实际启动，
为了最终能够调和
为了最终能够调和
03:59
That is the only practical start
for reconciling, finally,
for reconciling, finally,
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04:05
a legacy of exploitation,
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由剥削、
奴役、
04:08
slavery,
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殖民主义，
04:10
colonialism
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和帝国主义遗留的问题，
04:11
and imperialism,
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然后我们才能一起
04:13
so that together, we can move forward
in creating a more just global economy
in creating a more just global economy
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在21世纪创造出
更加公正的全球经济，
更加公正的全球经济，
04:19
in the 21st century --
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让所有人都受益的全球经济。
04:22
one that benefits all.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yasin Kakande - Investigative journalist, authorYasin Kakande is exposing the human rights abuses of migrant workers in the Middle East.
Why you should listen
Investigative journalist Yasin Kakande works undercover in the Middle East to expose human rights abuses of migrant workers. He investigates the reasons why Africans choose to migrate to the Middle East, Europe and America, and traces the severe consequences of countries closing their borders to African migrants. A migrant himself, first to the Middle East and recently to the US, Kakande is the author of two books: Slave States, an expose of the enslavement, trafficking and abuse of workers in the Gulf Arab Region, and The Ambitious Struggle: An African Journalist's Journey of Hope and Identity in a Land of Migrants.
Yasin Kakande | Speaker | TED.com