TED2018
Olga Yurkova: Inside the fight against Russia's fake news empire
Olga Yurkova: 打击俄罗斯假新闻帝国的真相
Filmed:
Readability: 4
1,312,757 views
当事实是假的，决策就是错的，身为编辑和 TED 成员的 Olga Yurkova 说了这样的一句话。为了停止假新闻的传播，她和一组记者发起了 StopFake.org 网站。这个网站揭示了充满偏见和不准确的报道，以重建我们对新闻、领导以及机构所失去的信心。在这场演讲中，让我们了解更多关于对误报以及两种确保我们不再阅读和分享假新闻的途径。
Olga Yurkova - Journalist, editor
TED Fellow Olga Yurkova is a journalist and cofounder of StopFake.org, an independent Ukrainian organization that trains an international cohort of fact-checkers in an effort to curb propaganda and misinformation in the media. Full bio
TED Fellow Olga Yurkova is a journalist and cofounder of StopFake.org, an independent Ukrainian organization that trains an international cohort of fact-checkers in an effort to curb propaganda and misinformation in the media. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
2014, July 5,
0
1440
3696
2014年7月5日，
00:17
the Ukrainian army entered
Sloviansk city in eastern Ukraine.
Sloviansk city in eastern Ukraine.
1
5160
4200
乌克兰的军队进入了东乌克兰的斯拉维扬斯科市。
00:21
They gathered all the locals
in Lenin Square.
in Lenin Square.
2
9880
3936
他们在当地的列宁广场聚集了大量群众。
00:25
Then, they organized
the public crucifixion
the public crucifixion
3
13840
4216
随后，他们组织了在公共场合下的十字架绞刑，
00:30
of the son of a pro-Russia militant.
4
18080
3176
对象是一位支持俄罗斯的激进组织的儿子。
他才只有三岁。
00:33
He was only three years old.
5
21280
2480
00:36
Refugee Galina Pyshnyak told this story
to Russia's First TV channel.
to Russia's First TV channel.
6
24440
6496
难民 Galina Pyshnyak 把这个故事
告诉给了俄罗斯的第一电视频道。
告诉给了俄罗斯的第一电视频道。
00:42
In fact, this incident never happened.
7
30960
4056
而事实上这件事从未发生。
我曾经拜访过斯拉维扬斯科市。
00:47
I visited Sloviansk.
8
35040
2096
00:49
There is no Lenin Square.
9
37160
2336
那里没有列宁广场。
事实上，Galina 的丈夫在 Donbass
是一个活跃的亲俄激进分子。
是一个活跃的亲俄激进分子。
00:51
In reality, Galina's husband was an active
pro-Russia militant in Donbass.
pro-Russia militant in Donbass.
10
39520
6456
00:58
This is just one of many examples.
11
46000
3176
这只是很多例子中的其中一个。
乌克兰已经被俄罗斯宣传和假新闻折磨了
01:01
Ukraine has been suffering
from Russian propaganda and fake news
from Russian propaganda and fake news
12
49200
3896
01:05
for four years now,
13
53120
2416
四年。
不过俄罗斯并不是这个方面唯一的玩家。
01:07
but Russia is not
the only player in this space.
the only player in this space.
14
55560
4376
01:11
Fake news is happening
all around the world.
all around the world.
15
59960
4056
假新闻在全世界都在发生。
01:16
We all know about fake news.
16
64040
1856
我们都知道假新闻，
01:17
We see it and read it all the time.
17
65920
3136
我们时时刻刻都能看到它和读到它。
01:21
But the thing about fake news
18
69080
2536
但是关于假新闻的问题在于
01:23
is that we don't always know
what is fake and what is real,
what is fake and what is real,
19
71640
4176
我们并不总是能知道它们是真的还是假的，
01:27
but we base our decisions on facts
we get from the press and social media.
we get from the press and social media.
20
75840
5936
但是我们通过我们从媒体
以及社交软件获得的事实来做决策。
以及社交软件获得的事实来做决策。
当事实是假的时候，
01:33
When facts are false,
21
81800
2056
决策也就是错误的。
01:35
decisions are wrong.
22
83880
1560
01:38
A lot of people
stop believing anyone at all
stop believing anyone at all
23
86560
3496
很多的人不再相信任何人，
01:42
and this is even more dangerous.
24
90080
2736
而这是更危险的。
他们很容易成为民粹主义者在选举中的猎物，
01:44
They easily become prey
to populists in elections,
to populists in elections,
25
92840
3936
甚至会拿起武器。
01:48
or even take up arms.
26
96800
1880
01:51
Fake news is not only bad for journalism.
27
99760
2536
假新闻不止对新闻业不利，
01:54
It's a threat for democracy and society.
28
102320
3760
它同时对民主和社会造成威胁。
01:58
Four years ago, unmarked soldiers
29
106960
3456
四年以前，没有任何标记的士兵
02:02
entered the Crimean Peninsula,
30
110440
2776
进入了克里米亚半岛。
同时，
02:05
and at the same time,
31
113240
1616
俄罗斯媒体疯狂地散播关于乌克兰的假新闻。
02:06
Russian media was going crazy
with fake news about Ukraine.
with fake news about Ukraine.
32
114880
4160
02:12
So a group of journalists, including me,
33
120200
3496
所以一群记者，包括我，
02:15
started a website
to investigate this fake news.
to investigate this fake news.
34
123720
3936
建立了一个网站去调查假新闻。
我们给这个网站起的名字是“停止假新闻”。
02:19
We called it StopFake.
35
127680
2280
02:22
The idea was simple:
36
130600
1616
我们的想法很简单，
02:24
take a piece of news,
check it with verifiable proof
check it with verifiable proof
37
132240
4336
取一则新闻，查一下有没有
可以支撑这条新闻的的证据，
可以支撑这条新闻的的证据，
像照片，视频和其他明确的证据。
02:28
like photos, videos
and other strong evidence.
and other strong evidence.
38
136600
3496
如果结果是假的，
我们就把这条新闻放在我们的网站上。
我们就把这条新闻放在我们的网站上。
02:32
If it turns out to be fake,
we put it on our website.
we put it on our website.
39
140120
3520
02:36
Now, StopFake is an informational hub
40
144600
3616
所以，“停止假新闻”是一个信息中心，
02:40
which analyzes propaganda
in all its phases.
in all its phases.
41
148240
3440
它分析所有阶段的宣传。
02:44
We have 11 language versions,
we have millions of views,
we have millions of views,
42
152600
4816
我们有11个语言版本，几百万的关注者。
02:49
We have taught more than 10,000 people
43
157440
3136
我们已经教了一万多人
如何辨别真假。
02:52
how to distinguish true from false.
44
160600
3016
我们教的检验真相的人来自世界各地。
02:55
And we teach fact checkers
all around the world.
all around the world.
45
163640
3960
03:00
StopFake has uncovered
more than 1,000 fakes about Ukraine.
more than 1,000 fakes about Ukraine.
46
168760
5120
“停止假新闻”已经揭露了
超过1000条关于乌克兰的假新闻。
超过1000条关于乌克兰的假新闻。
03:06
We've identified 18 narratives
47
174880
3936
我们确定了十八个
03:10
created using this fake news,
48
178840
2536
用假新闻制造的主题。
03:13
such as Ukraine is a fascist state,
49
181400
3616
比如乌克兰是一个法西斯国家，
03:17
a failed state,
50
185040
1496
一个失败的国家，
03:18
a state run by a junta who came to power
as a result of a coup d'état.
as a result of a coup d'état.
51
186560
4856
一个由政变上台的军事政府所统治的国家。
我们证明那些不是粗制滥造的新闻，
03:23
We proved that it's not bad journalism;
52
191440
2776
而是故意制造的错误信息。
03:26
it's a deliberate act of misinformation.
53
194240
2960
03:29
Fake news is a powerful weapon
in information warfare,
in information warfare,
54
197800
3456
假新闻在信息战中是一个很有力的武器，
03:33
but there is something we can do about it.
55
201280
2800
但是我们对它也不是什么都不能做。
03:37
We all have smartphones.
56
205080
1936
我们都有智能手机，
03:39
When we see something interesting,
it's often automatic.
it's often automatic.
57
207040
3456
当我们看到一些有趣的事情时，
一般我们都会自动的
一般我们都会自动的
点击并分享给他人。
03:42
We just click and pass it along.
58
210520
1920
03:45
But how can you
not be a part of fake news?
not be a part of fake news?
59
213400
2840
但是你怎么能不成为假新闻的一部分呢？
03:48
First, if it's too dramatic,
too emotional, too clickbait,
too emotional, too clickbait,
60
216680
6480
第一，如果这个新闻太戏剧化，
太情感化，看上去像是骗点击的，
太情感化，看上去像是骗点击的，
03:56
then it's very likely that it isn't true.
61
224240
2920
那它很有可能就不是真的。
04:00
The truth is boring sometimes.
62
228320
2336
真实的东西常常很平淡。
04:02
(Laughter)
63
230680
1376
（大笑）
操纵了的东西总是很有吸引力的。
04:04
Manipulations are always sexy.
64
232080
2320
04:07
They are designed to captivate you.
65
235040
2080
它们就是设计出来迷惑你的。
04:10
Do your research.
66
238000
1776
你应该做一下研究。
04:11
This is the second point, very simple.
67
239800
2816
第二点，非常简单，
04:14
Look at other sites.
68
242640
1816
看一下其它网站,
看看其它可以替代的新闻资源。
04:16
Check out alternative news sources.
69
244480
2616
谷歌一下名字，地址，
牌照，专家和提供的内容。
牌照，专家和提供的内容。
04:19
Google names, addresses,
license plates, experts and offers.
license plates, experts and offers.
70
247120
5416
不要只是相信，要查一下。
04:24
Don't just believe, check.
71
252560
1600
04:26
It's the only way
to stop this culture of fake news.
to stop this culture of fake news.
72
254840
3960
这是唯一停止假新闻文化的办法。
04:31
This information warfare
is not only about fake news.
is not only about fake news.
73
259640
3496
这个信息战不只是针对假新闻。
04:35
Our society depends on trust:
74
263160
2600
我们的社会建立在相互信任之上；
04:38
trust in our institutions,
75
266840
1856
信任政府机构，
04:40
in science,
76
268720
1376
信任科学，
信任我们的领导，
04:42
trust in our leaders,
77
270120
2056
信任我们的新闻来源。
04:44
trust in our news outlets.
78
272200
2480
04:47
And it's on us to find a way
to rebuild trust,
to rebuild trust,
79
275320
5056
而我们有责任来想办法重新建立信任。
04:52
because fake news destroys it.
80
280400
2120
假新闻摧毁了这些信任，
04:55
So ask yourself,
81
283320
2096
所以我们要问问自己，
04:57
what have you lost your faith in?
82
285440
2640
你对什么失去了信心？
05:01
Where has trust been ruined for you?
83
289000
2720
你的信心在哪里被摧毁了？
05:04
And what are you going to do about it?
84
292600
2800
你又将会为之做什么呢？
05:08
Thank you.
85
296160
1216
谢谢。
05:09
(Applause)
86
297400
5520
（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Olga Yurkova - Journalist, editorTED Fellow Olga Yurkova is a journalist and cofounder of StopFake.org, an independent Ukrainian organization that trains an international cohort of fact-checkers in an effort to curb propaganda and misinformation in the media.
Why you should listen
Olga Yurkova edits the Context and Opinions sections of StopFake.org. She teaches different audiences how propaganda works and how to identify fake news, consulting a range of organizations and public structures and collaborating with mainstream media as a journalist.
Yurkova explores propaganda methods and finds out new ways to overcome these new challenges. In June 2017, she and her colleagues Maarten Schenk and Jordy Nijenhuis launched a project called Forbidden Facts, which explains how fake news spreads online through clickbait headlines on Facebook that reach out to skeptical audiences.
Yurkova has 15 years of experience in journalism. She headed the local multimedia newsroom in Ternopil city for six years, becoming the market leader during that time. She then ran the Donbas and Crimea department at the national multimedia newsroom Nova Informacia for three years. She has been working as a new media trainer since 2012.
For fighting propaganda, Yurkova was included into the list of New Europe 100 and was named a TED Fellow in 2018.
Olga Yurkova | Speaker | TED.com