TEDGlobal 2014
Andrés Ruzo: The boiling river of the Amazon
安德斯·卢泽: 亚马逊的沸腾河
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当安德斯·卢泽还是个生活在秘鲁的小男孩时，他的爷爷跟他讲了一个奇怪的故事：在亚马逊丛林深处，有条河，会沸腾，就好像水下有火在煮水一样。12年后，学习地球科学的卢泽决定走进那片南美丛林深处，探索那条传说的沸腾河。在一个所有事物似乎都被绘制在了地图上，有具体测量数据，人们都能理解的时代，不妨同卢泽一起探索那条河流，那条让我们自问到底什么是已知和未知的河流... 并提醒我们，我们的世界还有许多未知等待人们去探索。
Andrés Ruzo - Geoscientist
Andrés Ruzo investigates the Earth's heat and the mystery of a boiling river in the Peruvian rainforest. Full bio
Andrés Ruzo investigates the Earth's heat and the mystery of a boiling river in the Peruvian rainforest. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As a boy in Lima,
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小时候，我住在利马；
00:14
my grandfather told me a legend
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爷爷给我讲了一个关于-
00:16
of the Spanish conquest of Peru.
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西班牙征服秘鲁的传奇故事。
00:20
Atahualpa, emperor of the Inca,
had been captured and killed.
had been captured and killed.
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印加帝国的末代皇帝阿塔瓦尔帕，被抓住并处死。
00:23
Pizarro and his conquistadors
had grown rich,
had grown rich,
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皮萨罗和征服者们变得富有起来，
00:26
and tales of their conquest
and glory had reached Spain
and glory had reached Spain
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他们攻克秘鲁的传说和赞颂传到了西班牙，
00:29
and was bringing new waves of Spaniards,
hungry for gold and glory.
hungry for gold and glory.
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吸引了一批西班牙人来此淘金。
00:36
They would go into towns and ask the Inca,
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他们去到镇子里，问印加人：
00:38
"Where's another civilization
we can conquer? Where's more gold?"
we can conquer? Where's more gold?"
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“还有哪个文明没被攻克？还有哪里有黄金？”
00:42
And the Inca, out of vengeance, told them,
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而出于报复，印加人就告诉他们：
00:46
"Go to the Amazon.
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“去亚马逊，
00:48
You'll find all the gold you want there.
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那里有挖不完的黄金”。
00:51
In fact, there is a city called Paititi --
El Dorado in Spanish --
El Dorado in Spanish --
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事实上，那里有一个叫做‘帕依提提’
——西班牙语叫El Dorado的城市
——西班牙语叫El Dorado的城市
00:56
made entirely of gold."
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是由黄金建成的”。
00:59
The Spanish set off into the jungle,
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于是这些西班牙人动身前往那片丛林，
01:01
but the few that return
come back with stories,
come back with stories,
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结果只有少数人带着故事回来了，
01:05
stories of powerful shamans,
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他们带回了关于强大的萨满巫师的故事，
01:09
of warriors with poisoned arrows,
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关于拿着毒箭的武士的故事，
01:12
of trees so tall they blotted out the sun,
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关于那里的树太高以至遮住了阳光的故事，
01:16
spiders that ate birds,
snakes that swallowed men whole
snakes that swallowed men whole
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关于吃鸟的蜘蛛、能够吞下一整个人的大蛇，
01:21
and a river that boiled.
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以及一条沸腾的河流的故事。
01:25
All this became a childhood memory.
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所有这些都成为了我的童年记忆。
01:27
And years passed.
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多年过去了，
我到了南方为理公会大学（SMU）攻读博士学位，
01:28
I'm working on my PhD at SMU,
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01:31
trying to understand
Peru's geothermal energy potential,
Peru's geothermal energy potential,
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当我试着了解秘鲁的地热能源潜力时，
01:35
when I remember this legend,
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我想到了这个传说，
01:37
and I began asking that question.
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于是想到了一个问题。
01:40
Could the boiling river exist?
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传说中的那条沸腾的河流真的存在吗？
01:44
I asked colleagues from universities,
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我咨询了一些同僚，他们来自各大高校，
01:46
the government,
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政府部门，
01:47
oil, gas and mining companies,
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石油、天然气和矿业公司，
01:49
and the answer was a unanimous no.
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所有人的答案都是“不”。
01:52
And this makes sense.
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这个答案是有道理的。
01:55
You see, boiling rivers
do exist in the world,
do exist in the world,
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因为沸腾的河流的确存在，
01:57
but they're generally
associated with volcanoes.
associated with volcanoes.
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但通常是在火山旁。
02:00
You need a powerful heat source
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只有一个强大的热源，
02:02
to produce such a large
geothermal manifestation.
geothermal manifestation.
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才制造出如此大的地热现象。
02:06
And as you can see from the red dots
here, which are volcanoes,
here, which are volcanoes,
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你看到的这些红点，它们代表火山，
02:11
we don't have volcanoes in the Amazon,
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而在亚马逊是没有火山的，
02:14
nor in most of Peru.
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秘鲁的大部分地区也没有火山。
02:16
So it follows: We should not expect
to see a boiling river.
to see a boiling river.
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所以得出的结论为：这片区域看不到沸腾的河流。
02:21
Telling this same story
at a family dinner,
at a family dinner,
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在一次家庭聚餐上我又讲了这个故事，
02:25
my aunt tells me,
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然后我的阿姨告诉我，
02:28
"But no, Andrés, I've been there.
I've swum in that river."
I've swum in that river."
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“不，安德烈，我去过那，我在那条河里游过泳”。
02:32
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:36
Then my uncle jumps in.
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然后我叔叔也加入了讨论，
02:38
"No, Andrés, she's not kidding.
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“真的，安德烈，她没有开玩笑，
02:41
You see, you can only swim in it
after a very heavy rain,
after a very heavy rain,
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只有在大雨过后，才能在里面游泳，
02:45
and it's protected by a powerful shaman.
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它被一位强大的萨满巫师保护着，
02:48
Your aunt, she's friends with his wife."
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而你的阿姨，跟他的妻子是朋友”。
02:51
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:53
"¿Cómo?" ["Huh?"]
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“什么？”
02:54
You know, despite all
my scientific skepticism,
my scientific skepticism,
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尽管我作为科学家，对此表示怀疑，
02:56
I found myself hiking into the jungle,
guided by my aunt,
guided by my aunt,
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还是在我的阿姨带领下，踏上了那片丛林，
03:00
over 700 kilometers away
from the nearest volcanic center,
from the nearest volcanic center,
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那里距最近的火山口有700公里，
03:04
and well, honestly,
mentally preparing myself
mentally preparing myself
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坦白说，我已经做好了见证那条传奇的
03:08
to behold the legendary
"warm stream of the Amazon."
"warm stream of the Amazon."
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“亚马逊暖流” 的心理准备了。
03:14
But then ...
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但是，紧接着，
03:16
I heard something,
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我听到一些声响，
03:19
a low surge
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随着我们逐步走进，
03:22
that got louder and louder
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一股低涌-
03:25
as we came closer.
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变得越来越响彻。
03:28
It sounded like ocean waves
constantly crashing,
constantly crashing,
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就像海浪不停的冲击一样，
03:32
and as we got closer, I saw smoke, vapor,
coming up through the trees.
coming up through the trees.
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而当我们走近时，
我看到烟雾和蒸汽从树林中冒出。
我看到烟雾和蒸汽从树林中冒出。
03:36
And then, I saw this.
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不久，我看到了这个。
03:41
I immediately grabbed for my thermometer,
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我立马拿起了温度计，
03:44
and the average temperatures in the river
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测量到这条河流的平均温度为
03:47
were 86 degrees C.
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86℃。
03:51
This is not quite
the 100-degree C boiling
the 100-degree C boiling
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虽然这并没有达到100℃的沸点，
03:54
but definitely close enough.
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但也很接近了。
03:58
The river flowed hot and fast.
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这条高温河水流湍急。
04:02
I followed it upriver and was led by,
actually, the shaman's apprentice
actually, the shaman's apprentice
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在这位萨满大师徒弟的带领下，我沿河而上，
04:05
to the most sacred site on the river.
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去往这条河最神圣的地点。
04:07
And this is what's bizarre --
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奇妙的事情发生了，
04:09
It starts off as a cold stream.
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这条河的起点是冷流。
04:11
And here, at this site,
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而这个地方，
04:13
is the home of the Yacumama,
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是亚库马马的故乡，
04:15
mother of the waters,
a giant serpent spirit
a giant serpent spirit
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亚库马马是河之母，是创造冷热水的
04:19
who births hot and cold water.
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巨大的蛇灵。
04:22
And here we find a hot spring,
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而在这里，我们找到了一处热泉，
04:26
mixing with cold stream water
underneath her protective motherly jaws
underneath her protective motherly jaws
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同受她保护的河口下的冷流混合在一起，
04:31
and thus bringing their legends to life.
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将这些传说变为现实。
04:36
The next morning, I woke up and --
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第二天早上，当我醒来的时候-
04:38
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:40
I asked for tea.
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我说想喝杯茶。
04:42
I was handed a mug, a tea bag
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于是有人递给我一个马克杯，一个茶包，
04:44
and, well, pointed towards the river.
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然后，指着那条河。
04:48
To my surprise, the water was clean
and had a pleasant taste,
and had a pleasant taste,
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让我惊讶的是，
河水是如此的清澈，喝起来也很可口，
河水是如此的清澈，喝起来也很可口，
04:52
which is a little weird
for geothermal systems.
for geothermal systems.
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这对于地热系统来说是有点异常的。
04:56
What was amazing
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更神奇的一点是，
04:58
is that the locals had always
known about this place,
known about this place,
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本地人似乎一直都知道有这么个地方，
05:01
and that I was by no means
the first outsider to see it.
the first outsider to see it.
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而我也绝不是第一个发现此地的外来人。
05:05
It was just part of their everyday life.
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这些都是他们的家常便饭。
05:09
They drink its water.
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他们饮用河里的水；
05:11
They take in its vapor.
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享用这些蒸汽；
05:14
They cook with it,
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用河水烹饪；
05:16
clean with it,
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清洁，
05:17
even make their medicines with it.
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甚至用这些河水来制药。
05:21
I met the shaman,
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我见到了萨满大师，
05:22
and he seemed like an extension
of the river and his jungle.
of the river and his jungle.
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似乎他也成了这条河和丛林的一部分。
05:27
He asked for my intentions
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他询问我的来意，
05:30
and listened carefully.
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用心倾听。
05:33
Then, to my tremendous relief --
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不久，我便感到压力减轻了--
05:36
I was freaking out,
to be honest with you --
to be honest with you --
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老实告诉你，我当时可吓坏了--
05:39
a smile began to snake across his face,
and he just laughed.
and he just laughed.
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他嘴角微微上扬，他笑了。
05:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:47
I had received the shaman's blessing
to study the river,
to study the river,
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我对这条河的研究得到了萨满大师的祝福，
05:52
on the condition that after I take
the water samples
the water samples
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他只有一点要求，那便是待我取样
05:55
and analyze them in my lab,
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并带回实验室分析后，
05:57
wherever I was in the world,
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不管我在世界的哪一个角落，
06:00
that I pour the waters
back into the ground
back into the ground
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我要把这些水倒回地上，
06:04
so that, as the shaman said,
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萨满大师说，
06:06
the waters could find their way back home.
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这样这些水便能回到河流里。
06:11
I've been back every year
since that first visit in 2011,
since that first visit in 2011,
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2011年的勘测后，我每年都会回去，
06:14
and the fieldwork has been exhilarating,
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我的勘测结果甚是喜人，
06:18
demanding and at times dangerous.
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有些时候也颇有些危险和挑战。
06:22
One story was even featured
in National Geographic Magazine.
in National Geographic Magazine.
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我的故事甚至被刊登到了《国家地理》这本杂志上。
06:26
I was trapped on a small rock
about the size of a sheet of paper
about the size of a sheet of paper
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我被困在了和一张纸一样大小的石头上，
06:30
in sandals and board shorts,
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穿着凉鞋和运动短裤，
06:32
in between an 80 degree C river
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置身于80℃的河水
06:34
and a hot spring that, well,
looked like this, close to boiling.
looked like this, close to boiling.
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和接近沸点的温泉中。
06:39
And on top of that,
it was Amazon rain forest.
it was Amazon rain forest.
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不仅如此，那还是在亚马逊雨林。
06:43
Pshh, pouring rain, couldn't see a thing.
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那是倾盆大雨，什么也看不见。
06:45
The temperature differential
made it all white. It was a whiteout.
made it all white. It was a whiteout.
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温差使得周围的一切看起来都是白色的。
06:50
Intense.
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局势很紧张。
06:54
Now, after years of work,
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现在，经过多年的研究，
06:56
I'll soon be submitting my geophysical
and geochemical studies for publication.
and geochemical studies for publication.
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我即将发表关于地球物理和化学的论文。
07:03
And I'd like to share, today,
with all of you here, on the TED stage,
with all of you here, on the TED stage,
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今天站在TED的舞台上，我想和大家一起分享，
07:07
for the first time,
some of these discoveries.
some of these discoveries.
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这也是我首次揭露其中的一些发现。
07:11
Well, first off, it's not a legend.
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首先，这并不是一个传说。
07:14
Surprise!
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意想不到吧！
07:15
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:18
When I first started the research,
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在我最初开始这项研究的时候，
07:20
the satellite imagery was too
low-resolution to be meaningful.
low-resolution to be meaningful.
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有关的卫星图像像素很低，几乎没什么用。
07:23
There were just no good maps.
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那时就没什么高质量的地图。
07:25
Thanks to the support
of the Google Earth team,
of the Google Earth team,
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多亏了谷歌地球这个团队，
07:28
I now have this.
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现在我有了这个。
07:31
Not only that, the indigenous name
of the river, Shanay-timpishka,
of the river, Shanay-timpishka,
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不仅如此，这条河的本名Shanay-timpishka，
07:37
"boiled with the heat of the sun,"
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"由太阳烧开的河“
07:41
indicating that I'm not the first
to wonder why the river boils,
to wonder why the river boils,
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说明我并不是第一个对这条河沸腾感到好奇的人，
07:46
and showing that humanity
has always sought to explain
has always sought to explain
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也说明了人类一直以来都尝试着去解释
07:50
the world around us.
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我们生活的世界。
07:53
So why does the river boil?
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为什么这条河会沸腾呢？
07:55
(Bubbling sounds)
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（沸腾声）
08:00
It actually took me three years
to get that footage.
to get that footage.
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这些图像是我花了三年时间收集来的。
08:04
Fault-fed hot springs.
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地质断层滋长温泉。
08:07
As we have hot blood running
through our veins and arteries,
through our veins and arteries,
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正如人类体内的血管和动脉里流动着热血一样，
08:11
so, too, the earth has hot water
running through its cracks and faults.
running through its cracks and faults.
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地球的裂缝和断层里也流淌着热水。
08:17
Where these arteries come to the surface,
these earth arteries,
these earth arteries,
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那些在地球表面的”动脉“，
08:20
we'll get geothermal manifestations:
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就是地热表现：
08:23
fumaroles, hot springs
and in our case, the boiling river.
and in our case, the boiling river.
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喷气孔，温泉，正是我们这里的沸腾河。
08:28
What's truly incredible, though,
is the scale of this place.
is the scale of this place.
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然而，真正难以置信的是这条河的规模之大。
08:33
Next time you cross the road,
think about this.
think about this.
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下次当你过马路的时候，不妨这样想想。
08:36
The river flows wider than a two-lane road
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这条河大部分流经地的宽度
08:39
along most of its path.
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超过双车道的马路。
08:41
It flows hot for 6.24 kilometers.
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而热水流经长度为6.24千米。
08:48
Truly impressive.
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真是叹为观止。
08:51
There are thermal pools
larger than this TED stage,
larger than this TED stage,
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有些热泉比TED的舞台还要打，
08:54
and that waterfall that you see there
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而你看到的那个瀑布，
08:56
is six meters tall --
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其实有6米高--
08:59
and all with near-boiling water.
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全部都接近沸点的河水。
09:04
We mapped the temperatures
along the river,
along the river,
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我们按照河水的温度制作地图，
09:06
and this was by far the most
demanding part of the fieldwork.
demanding part of the fieldwork.
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这项工作也是目前最为困难的部分。
09:09
And the results were just awesome.
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出来的结果真是了不起。
09:13
Sorry -- the geoscientist
in me coming out.
in me coming out.
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抱歉，我是个地理科学迷这事儿暴露了。
09:16
And it showed this amazing trend.
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我们的结论展示出了一种趋势。
09:19
You see, the river starts off cold.
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你看，这条河的河口是冷水。
09:21
It then heats up, cools back down,
heats up, cools back down,
heats up, cools back down,
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接下来逐渐升温，再降温，再升，又降，
09:24
heats up again, and then has
this beautiful decay curve
this beautiful decay curve
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再次升温，于是有了这些可爱的衰减曲线，
09:27
until it smashes into this cold river.
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直到最后奔腾进冰冷的河水中。
09:30
Now, I understand not all of you
are geothermal scientists,
are geothermal scientists,
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我知道在座的有些并不是研究地热科学的，
09:33
so to put it in more everyday terms:
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所以，用日常生活来举个例子：
09:36
Everyone loves coffee.
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人人都爱咖啡。
09:38
Yes? Good.
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对吗？
09:40
Your regular cup of coffee, 54 degrees C,
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一杯普通的咖啡是54℃，
09:44
an extra-hot one, well, 60.
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特别烫的咖啡是60℃。
09:46
So, put in coffee shop terms,
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所以用咖啡的例子来说，
09:49
the boiling river plots like this.
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沸腾的河水看起来是这样的。
09:52
There you have your hot coffee.
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这是一杯热咖啡。
09:54
Here you have your extra-hot coffee,
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这是加热的咖啡，
09:56
and you can see
that there's a bit point there
that there's a bit point there
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可以看到这里有一个尖尖的地方，
09:58
where the river is still hotter
than even the extra-hot coffee.
than even the extra-hot coffee.
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那就是这条河要比特别烫的咖啡还要烫。
10:01
And these are average water temperatures.
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这些是水的平均温度。
10:03
We took these in the dry season to ensure
the purest geothermal temperatures.
the purest geothermal temperatures.
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这些都是在干燥的季节采集的样品，
为了保证得到最纯粹的地热温度。
为了保证得到最纯粹的地热温度。
10:08
But there's a magic number here
that's not being shown,
that's not being shown,
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但有一个神奇的数字并没有显示出来，
10:11
and that number is 47 degrees C,
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那就是47℃，
10:14
because that's where things start to hurt,
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因为这是有害的临界点。
10:17
and I know this from very
personal experience.
personal experience.
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我知道这一点是因为我自己有过这样的经历。
10:22
Above that temperature,
you don't want to get in that water.
you don't want to get in that water.
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超过47℃之后，没有人会想站在那里。
10:25
You need to be careful.
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你得格外小心。
10:26
It can be deadly.
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因为这可能是致命的。
10:28
I've seen all sorts of animals fall in,
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我看到各种各样的动物掉入河里，
10:31
and what's shocking to me,
is the process is pretty much the same.
is the process is pretty much the same.
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让我感到惊讶的是，整个过程几乎都雷同的。
10:35
So they fall in and the first thing
to go are the eyes.
to go are the eyes.
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当它们掉进河里时，第一个受到伤害的便是眼睛。
10:38
Eyes, apparently, cook very quickly.
They turn this milky-white color.
They turn this milky-white color.
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眼睛显然不用煮多久，便成了奶白色。
10:41
The stream is carrying them.
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河流把它们卷走。
10:43
They're trying to swim out,
but their meat is cooking on the bone
but their meat is cooking on the bone
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虽然它们试着游上岸，但是他们正在被由外到内烹饪着，
10:46
because it's so hot.
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因为温度实在太高了。
10:47
So they're losing power, losing power,
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于是，它们渐渐地失去了力气，
10:49
until finally they get to a point
where hot water goes into their mouths
where hot water goes into their mouths
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最后热水冲进了嘴里，
10:52
and they cook from the inside out.
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从内外外烹饪的过程开始了。
10:55
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:00
A bit sadistic, aren't we?
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有点让人难过，不是吗？
11:02
Jeez.
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天呐。
11:05
Leave them marinating for a little longer.
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让它们在腌制一会儿。
11:09
What's, again, amazing
are these temperatures.
are these temperatures.
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另一个神奇之处便是温度。
11:12
They're similar to things that I've seen
on volcanoes all over the world
on volcanoes all over the world
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这些河的温度和我所见过的火山差不多，
11:15
and even super-volcanoes like Yellowstone.
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甚至类似于黄石的超级火山。
11:18
But here's the thing:
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但有意思的是：
11:22
the data is showing
that the boiling river exists
that the boiling river exists
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根据数据，这条沸腾河
11:27
independent of volcanism.
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和火山并不是共存关系。
11:30
It's neither magmatic
or volcanic in origin,
or volcanic in origin,
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这和磁场或火山都没关系，
11:35
and again, over 700 kilometers away
from the nearest volcanic center.
from the nearest volcanic center.
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再强调一次，最近的火山离这里也有700公里远。
11:42
How can a boiling river exist like this?
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这样一条沸腾的河流是怎么形成的呢？
11:47
I've asked geothermal experts
and volcanologists for years,
and volcanologists for years,
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多年来，我询问了许多地热专家和火山研究者们，
11:50
and I'm still unable to find another
non-volcanic geothermal system
non-volcanic geothermal system
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至今也没能找到另外一个非火山的地热系统，
11:55
of this magnitude.
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有如此大的规模。
11:59
It's unique.
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这是独一无二的。
12:01
It's special on a global scale.
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在全球范围内来说都是特别的。
12:06
So, still -- how does it work?
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但，它到底是怎么运作的呢？
12:10
Where do we get this heat?
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这些热量从哪里来的 ？
12:13
There's still more research to be done
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人们还要做许多的研究
12:15
to better constrain the problem
and better understand the system,
and better understand the system,
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才能更好的控制这个问题并理解这种系统，
12:18
but from what the data is telling us now,
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但从目前我们获得的数据看，
12:20
it looks to be the result
of a large hydrothermal system.
of a large hydrothermal system.
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似乎是由大型热泉系统导致的。
12:25
Basically, it works like this:
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概括起来便是：
12:26
So, the deeper you go
into the earth, the hotter it gets.
into the earth, the hotter it gets.
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越接近地球核心，温度越高。
12:29
We refer to this
as the geothermal gradient.
as the geothermal gradient.
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我们称此为地热梯度。
12:33
The waters could be coming
from as far away as glaciers in the Andes,
from as far away as glaciers in the Andes,
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这些水可能是遥远的安第斯山脉冰川融水，
12:38
then seeping down deep into the earth
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逐渐渗透入地球核心，
12:40
and coming out to form the boiling river
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然后以沸腾河的形式流出，
12:43
after getting heated up
from the geothermal gradient,
from the geothermal gradient,
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在受到地热梯度的加热之后，
12:47
all due to this unique geologic setting.
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这一切都归功于这种独特的地质特征。
12:50
Now, we found
that in and around the river --
that in and around the river --
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目前，我们发现这条河里以及附近，
12:53
this is working with colleagues
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我同几位来自国家地理的同事一起，
12:54
from National Geographic,
Dr. Spencer Wells,
Dr. Spencer Wells,
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来自《国家地理》的威尔士博士，
12:57
and Dr. Jon Eisen from UC Davis --
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来自UC Davis的埃森博士--
12:59
we genetically sequenced
the extremophile lifeforms
the extremophile lifeforms
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我们对生活在河里以及周边的生物-
13:03
living in and around the river,
and have found new lifeforms,
and have found new lifeforms,
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进行了基因排序，并且找到了新的生命形式，
13:07
unique species living
in the boiling river.
in the boiling river.
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生活在沸腾河里的独特生物。
13:12
But again, despite all of these studies,
all of these discoveries and the legends,
all of these discoveries and the legends,
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但，尽管有这些研究，这些发现和传说，
13:18
a question remains:
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仍有一个问题萦绕人心：
13:21
What is the significance
of the boiling river?
of the boiling river?
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沸腾河的存在有重要意义吗？
13:26
What is the significance
of this stationary cloud
of this stationary cloud
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那片笼罩丛林的
13:31
that always hovers
over this patch of jungle?
over this patch of jungle?
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静止的云的存在有什么意义呢？
13:35
And what is the significance
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再者，童年时代听到的传说
13:38
of a detail in a childhood legend?
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又有什么重要性呢？
13:43
To the shaman and his community,
it's a sacred site.
it's a sacred site.
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对萨满大师和那里的居民来说，这是一个神圣的地方。
13:47
To me, as a geoscientist,
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对我来说，作为一名地球学家，
13:49
it's a unique geothermal phenomenon.
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这是独特的地热现象。
13:54
But to the illegal loggers
and cattle farmers,
and cattle farmers,
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但对于非法伐木和畜牧农场主来说，
13:57
it's just another resource to exploit.
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这只不过是另一个可以开采的地方而已。
14:02
And to the Peruvian government,
it's just another stretch
it's just another stretch
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而对于秘鲁政府来说，这只不过是另一个
14:06
of unprotected land ready for development.
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未受保护的地方等待被开发而已。
14:14
My goal is to ensure
that whoever controls this land
that whoever controls this land
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我的目标是确保不管是谁掌管这片土地，
14:17
understands the boiling river's
uniqueness and significance.
uniqueness and significance.
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他们都能明白这条沸腾河的独特性和重要性。
14:22
Because that's the question,
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因为这才是问题所在，
14:25
one of significance.
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是重要意义之一。
14:28
And the thing there is,
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而结论是，
14:32
we define significance.
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重要与否是由我们来定义的。
14:34
It's us. We have that power.
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我们。人类掌握着这项权利。
14:37
We are the ones who draw that line
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是我们来界定什么是
14:40
between the sacred and the trivial.
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神圣的，什么是微不足道的。
14:43
And in this age,
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而在这个时代，
14:46
where everything seems mapped,
measured and studied,
measured and studied,
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事物看起来似乎都在地图上绘画出来，测量过并研究过，
14:51
in this age of information,
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在这个信息时代，
14:54
I remind you all that discoveries
are not just made
are not just made
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我要提醒大家的是新发现并不是在
14:58
in the black void of the unknown
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一片虚渺荒芜的黑暗中发现的，
15:04
but in the white noise
of overwhelming data.
of overwhelming data.
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而是在堆积如山的数据白噪点中发现的。
15:09
There remains so much to explore.
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还有许多等待人们去探索。
15:13
We live in an incredible world.
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我们的世界是如此的奇妙。
15:17
So go out.
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让我们走出去。
15:20
Be curious.
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带着好奇心。
15:23
Because we do live in a world
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因为我们生活的这个世界
15:27
where shamans still sing
to the spirits of the jungle,
to the spirits of the jungle,
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仍有萨满大师为丛林精灵吟唱，
15:32
where rivers do boil
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有会沸腾的河流，
15:35
and where legends do come to life.
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有传说成为现实。
15:39
Thank you very much.
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谢谢大家。
15:40
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrés Ruzo - GeoscientistAndrés Ruzo investigates the Earth's heat and the mystery of a boiling river in the Peruvian rainforest.
Why you should listen
Andrés Ruzo is a tri-citizen who grew up among Nicaragua, Peru and Texas -- which helped him see that most of the world's problems are not confined by geographic or cultural borders. While trying to imagine solutions, he realized the way we produce and use energy lies at the root of many of our biggest issues. Combined with his memories of summers on his family's farm on Nicaragua's Casita volcano, playing in the fumarole fields, this prompted him to pursue a PhD in geophysics at SMU, focusing on geothermal studies. He is also a National Geographic Young Explorer.
Investigating a childhood legend led him to the Shanay-timpishka, the "Boiling River" of the Amazon, and a sacred site to the indigenous tribes, where the water can reach over 95 °C (203 °F). The greatest mystery of this place: How can a "boiling river" exist 700 km (435 miles) from the nearest volcanic center?
Ruzo is the author of the TED Book, The Boiling River: Adventure and Discovery in the Amazon.
Andrés Ruzo | Speaker | TED.com