TED2009
Daniel Libeskind: 17 words of architectural inspiration
Daniel Libeskind：建筑的十七种奇想
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建筑师 Daniel Libeskind 和众人分享启发建筑作品的十七种奇想 － 原始的，冒险的，动人的，激进的 － 以及其它激发疯狂创意的概念。
Daniel Libeskind - Architect
Being a designer of breathtaking and sometimes confounding buildings seems almost a footnote to the amazing life of architect Daniel Libeskind. Full bio
Being a designer of breathtaking and sometimes confounding buildings seems almost a footnote to the amazing life of architect Daniel Libeskind. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'll start with my favorite muse, Emily Dickinson,
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我的缪斯，美国女诗人艾蜜莉狄金森这么说
00:15
who said that wonder is not knowledge, neither is it ignorance.
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她说：奇想不是来自知识，也不是来自无知
00:19
It's something which is suspended
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而是一种悬念
00:21
between what we believe we can be,
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悬吊在在我们的自我认知
00:23
and a tradition we may have forgotten.
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和我们已经遗忘的传统中
00:25
And I think, when I listen to these incredible people here,
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从屋子里的这些出色的演讲中
00:28
I've been so inspired -- so many incredible ideas, so many visions.
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我得到了许多灵感，看到许多可能性
00:32
And yet, when I look at the environment outside,
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但是当我往外一看
00:36
you see how resistant architecture is to change.
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我们看到的建筑是多么死板
00:38
You see how resistant it is to those very ideas.
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多么抗拒这些新观点
00:41
We can think them out. We can create incredible things.
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我们创造了这些神奇的事物
00:44
And yet, at the end,
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但最终
00:46
it's so hard to change a wall.
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连改变一道墙都是这么困难。
00:48
We applaud the well-mannered box.
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我们赞同这些一板一眼的盒子
00:51
But to create a space that never existed is what interests me;
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但我只对创造那些前所未有的空间感兴趣
00:54
to create something that has never been,
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那些史无前例的
00:57
a space that we have never entered except in our minds and our spirits.
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那些只存在我们的心灵和想象中的空间
01:00
And I think that's really what architecture is based on.
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我认为那才是建筑的本质
01:03
Architecture is not based on concrete
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建筑不是建立在水泥
01:05
and steel and the elements of the soil.
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钢铁，和泥土
01:07
It's based on wonder.
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而是建立在奇想上。
01:09
And that wonder is really what has created the greatest cities,
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是奇想创建了伟大的城市
01:12
the greatest spaces that we have had.
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和伟大的空间。
01:14
And I think that is indeed what architecture is. It is a story.
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我认为建筑便是如此。建筑是一个故事
01:18
By the way, it is a story that is told through
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建筑是一个借着
01:21
its hard materials.
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实体来诉说的故事
01:23
But it is a story of effort and struggle
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它也是一个和不可能
01:25
against improbabilities.
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拔河及挣扎的故事。
01:27
If you think of the great buildings, of the cathedrals, of the temples,
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想想那些伟大的建筑，大教堂，庙宇
01:29
of the pyramids, of pagodas,
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金字塔，宝塔
01:31
of cities in India and beyond,
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印度的那些城市之类
01:34
you think of how incredible this is that that was realized
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这些不可思议的城市和建筑不是来自
01:37
not by some abstract idea, but by people.
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一个模糊的概念，而是人
01:40
So, anything that has been made can be unmade.
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所有建立的都能被重建
01:42
Anything that has been made can be made better.
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所有矗立的都能更完美
01:45
There it is: the things that I really believe
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这些是我认为对建筑来说
01:47
are of important architecture.
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真正重要的事。
01:49
These are the dimensions that I like to work with.
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我期待能在这些概念范围下创作
01:51
It's something very personal.
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这是非常个人的
01:53
It's not, perhaps, the dimensions appreciated by art critics
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这大概不是评论家会喜欢的概念
01:55
or architecture critics or city planners.
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建筑评论家，城市设计者大概也不苟同
01:57
But I think these are the necessary oxygen
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但我认为当我们生活在建筑里，城市里
02:00
for us to live in buildings, to live in cities,
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和公共空间有所联系时
02:02
to connect ourselves in a social space.
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它们就像空气一样必要。
02:05
And I therefore believe that optimism is what drives architecture forward.
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我认为乐观是建筑的推进力
02:08
It's the only profession where you have to believe in the future.
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建筑是唯一需要相信未来的专业
02:12
You can be a general, a politician, an economist who is depressed,
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你可以做一个悲观的将军、政治家、或是经济学者
02:16
a musician in a minor key, a painter in dark colors.
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一个忧郁的音乐家、一个阴暗的画家
02:19
But architecture is that complete ecstasy that the future can be better.
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但建筑师应该狂喜地期盼着美好未来
02:24
And it is that belief that I think drives society.
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我相信这就是社会进步的原因
02:27
And today we have a kind of evangelical pessimism all around us.
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今日我们被悲观的说法包围
02:30
And yet it is in times like this
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但就算在这样的时代
02:32
that I think architecture can thrive with big ideas,
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我仍然相信建筑可以为一个伟大的目的而奋斗
02:35
ideas that are not small. Think of the great cities.
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想想那些伟大的城市
02:38
Think of the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center.
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想想帝国大厦、或是洛克菲勒中心
02:40
They were built in times that were
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它们都是建立在
02:42
not really the best of times in a certain way.
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那些绝非最好的时机
02:44
And yet that energy and power of architecture
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但建筑的精神和力量
02:48
has driven an entire social and political space that these buildings occupy.
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领导着这些社会和政治
02:53
So again, I am a believer in the expressive.
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我也相信建筑是一种表现
02:55
I have never been a fan of the neutral.
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我从来不喜欢中立
02:58
I don't like neutrality in life, in anything.
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我不喜欢在人生，或任何事情中中立
03:00
I think expression.
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表现
03:02
And it's like espresso coffee, you know, you take the essence of the coffee.
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就像蒸馏咖啡，它汲取咖啡的精髓
03:04
That's what expression is.
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这就是表现。
03:06
It's been missing in much of the architecture,
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很多建筑都缺少这种精神
03:08
because we think architecture is the realm of the neutered,
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因为我们认为建筑是一个中立的领域
03:12
the realm of the kind of a state that has no opinion,
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一个没有看法的领域
03:16
that has no value.
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也没有价值观
03:18
And yet, I believe it is the expression --
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但我相信表现
03:20
expression of the city, expression of our own space --
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一个城市和个人空间的表现
03:23
that gives meaning to architecture.
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赋予建筑意义
03:25
And, of course, expressive spaces are not mute.
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那些表现空间不是哑的
03:28
Expressive spaces are not spaces
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表现空间不只是
03:30
that simply confirm what we already know.
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表达那些我们已经知道的事情
03:32
Expressive spaces may disturb us.
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表现空间可能会让我们不安
03:34
And I think that's also part of life.
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但我认为那也是生命中的一部分
03:36
Life is not just an anesthetic to make us smile,
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人生不应该只是麻木的微笑
03:39
but to reach out across the abyss of history,
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而是越过历史的深渊
03:42
to places we have never been,
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到一些未竟之地
03:44
and would have perhaps been, had we not been so lucky.
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如果我们不试，可能也无法到达的境地。
03:47
So again, radical versus conservative.
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激进和保守
03:50
Radical, what does it mean? It's something which is rooted,
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激进是什么意思？这是有根据的
03:53
and something which is rooted deep in a tradition.
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在建筑的传统里
03:55
And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical.
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我认为这就是建筑的意义，激进
03:58
It's not just a conservation in formaldehyde
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而不是一些死去的形态
04:00
of dead forms.
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安全地包装在传统里
04:02
It is actually a living connection
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它是一个活生生的
04:04
to the cosmic event that we are part of,
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与宇宙的关联性
04:07
and a story that is certainly ongoing.
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一个正在进行的故事
04:09
It's not something that has a good ending or a bad ending.
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不是一个好结局或是坏结局
04:12
It's actually a story in which our acts themselves
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而是我们正参与着的故事
04:15
are pushing the story in a particular way.
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我们的行为影响着故事
04:17
So again I am a believer in the radical architecture.
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我是个激进建筑的信徒
04:20
You know the Soviet architecture of that building
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你们都见过苏联的建筑
04:22
is the conservation.
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那就是传统
04:24
It's like the old Las Vegas used to be.
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那就像过去的拉斯韦加斯
04:26
It's about conserving emotions, conserving the traditions
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保存情绪，保存传统
04:29
that have obstructed the mind in moving forward
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阻碍我们的思想进步
04:31
and of course what is radical is to confront them.
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激进便是面对这些保守
04:34
And I think our architecture is a confrontation
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建筑便是以我们的知觉
04:36
with our own senses.
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去面对
04:38
Therefore I believe it should not be cool.
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所以我认为它不该是冷酷的
04:40
There is a lot of appreciation for the kind of cool architecture.
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许多人喜欢那种冷酷的建筑
04:44
I've always been an opponent of it. I think emotion is needed.
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我总是反对。我认为情绪是必须的
04:47
Life without emotion would really not be life.
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没有情绪的人生便不是人生
04:50
Even the mind is emotional.
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甚至我们的思想都是情绪化的
04:52
There is no reason which does not take a position
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没理由它不能出现在我们的伦理观
04:54
in the ethical sphere, in the philosophical mystery of what we are.
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或用以哲学地解释我们是谁
04:58
So I think emotion is a dimension
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我认为情绪是一个次元
05:01
that is important to introduce into city space, into city life.
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将它带进城市空间、城市生活非常重要
05:05
And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions.
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我们都在情绪中挣扎
05:08
And I think that is what makes the world a wondrous place.
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我认为着也是世界神奇的地方
05:11
And of course, the confrontation of the cool, the unemotional with emotion,
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冷酷无感和情绪之间的对峙
05:15
is a conversation that I think
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便是一种城市
05:17
cities themselves have fostered.
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所兼容的对话。
05:19
I think that is the progress of cities.
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城市的进步
05:21
It's not only the forms of cities,
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不只是城市的形态
05:23
but the fact that they incarnate emotions,
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而是这些情绪的具体化
05:25
not just of those who build them,
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不只是那些盖这些建筑的人
05:27
but of those who live there as well.
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更是那些居民的情绪。
05:29
Inexplicable versus understood. You know, too often we want to understand everything.
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神秘，那些不言自明的。我们往往想了解所有事
05:32
But architecture is not the language of words.
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但建筑不是一种有文字的语言
05:35
It's a language. But it is not a language that can be reduced
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它是一个语言，但不是一种能被简化为
05:39
to a series of programmatic notes that we can verbally write.
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一些问题百出的文字的语言
05:42
Too many buildings that you see outside that are so banal
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外面有太多平庸的建筑
05:44
tell you a story, but the story is very short,
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它诉说故事，故事很短
05:47
which says, "We have no story to tell you."
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它说“我无话可说”
05:49
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:50
So the important thing actually,
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重要的是
05:52
is to introduce the actual architectural dimensions,
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带进一种难以言喻的
05:55
which might be totally inexplicable in words,
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建筑次元
05:58
because they operate in proportions,
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这语言是以比例、面积
06:01
in materials, in light.
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材质、光线组成的
06:03
They connect themselves into various sources,
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它们以不同元素组成
06:06
into a kind of complex vector matrix
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像一种复杂的矢量矩阵
06:08
that isn't really frontal
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它不是平铺直述
06:11
but is really embedded in the lives,
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但深入我们的生活
06:13
and in the history of a city, and of a people.
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与一个城市的历史，居民的历史
06:16
So again, the notion that a building should just be explicit
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那些认为建筑应该直截了当的想法
06:19
I think is a false notion,
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我认为是错误的
06:21
which has reduced architecture into banality.
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那只能把建筑简化为平庸
06:23
Hand versus the computer.
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手绘和电子计算
06:25
Of course, what would we be without computers?
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当然，今日谁能不用电子计算机呢？
06:27
Our whole practice depends on computing.
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我们依赖电子计算机来实践许多想法
06:29
But the computer should not just be the glove of the hand;
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但计算机应该像是手套
06:33
the hand should really be the driver of the computing power.
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手才是真正赐予计算机力量的东西
06:37
Because I believe that the hand
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因为我相信手
06:39
in all its primitive, in all its physiological obscurity,
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在它原始的、生理的难解下
06:44
has a source, though the source is unknown,
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仍然有种力量。虽然我们不知从何而来
06:47
though we don't have to be mystical about it.
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虽然我们不需要故作神秘
06:49
We realize that the hand has been given us
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我们知道手是由
06:52
by forces that are beyond our own autonomy.
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一种超越我们能力的力量所赐予
06:55
And I think when I draw drawings
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我用手描绘的时候
06:58
which may imitate the computer, but are not computer drawings --
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它有可能在模拟计算机，但它仍不同与计算机所绘
07:01
drawings that can come from sources
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它是来自于
07:03
that are completely not known, not normal, not seen,
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一种未见，未知，无解的力量
07:07
yet the hand -- and that's what I really, to all of you who are working --
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我想告诉在这个领域工作的你们
07:11
how can we make the computer respond to our hand
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如何让计算机根据手来描绘
07:15
rather than the hand responding to the computer.
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而不是手根据计算机来描绘
07:18
I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is.
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我想这也是建筑复杂的一部分
07:22
Because certainly we have gotten used to the propaganda
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因为我们都太习惯于
07:26
that the simple is the good. But I don't believe it.
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简单为上的束缚啊。但我不这么想
07:28
Listening to all of you, the complexity of thought,
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听你们演讲，这些复杂的思考
07:31
the complexity of layers of meaning is overwhelming.
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这些意义的多重层次是惊人的
07:34
And I think we shouldn't shy away in architecture,
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我们不该在建筑上逃避
07:37
You know, brain surgery, atomic theory,
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脑科手术、原子论
07:40
genetics, economics
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遗传学、经济学
07:43
are complex complex fields.
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都是一些非常复杂的领域
07:45
There is no reason that architecture should shy away
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建筑不该逃避
07:47
and present this illusory world of the simple.
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去呈现一个虚假的简单世界
07:50
It is complex. Space is complex.
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世界是复杂的。空间是复杂的。
07:52
Space is something that folds out of itself into completely new worlds.
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空间将自己摺叠成一个新世界
07:56
And as wondrous as it is,
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它如此神奇
07:58
it cannot be reduced to a kind of simplification
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它不能被简化成那些
08:01
that we have often come to be admired.
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我们往往过分赞扬的作品。
08:03
And yet, our lives are complex.
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我们的生活是复杂的
08:05
Our emotions are complex.
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我们的情绪是复杂的
08:07
Our intellectual desires are complex.
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我们的智趣是复杂的
08:09
So I do believe that architecture as I see it
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我相信建筑应该反应那些
08:12
needs to mirror that complexity in every single space that we have,
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环绕我们的复杂
08:16
in every intimacy that we possess.
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在我们所有的亲密空间
08:18
Of course that means that architecture is political.
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这代表着建筑是政治的
08:21
The political is not an enemy of architecture.
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政治不是建筑的敌人
08:23
The politeama is the city. It's all of us together.
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政治是城市，是我们所有人
08:26
And I've always believed that the act of architecture,
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我往往相信建筑本身
08:28
even a private house, when somebody else will see it, is a political act,
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就算是私人住宅，当有人见到它，便成为一个政治行为
08:32
because it will be visible to others.
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因为他人也可以看见
08:34
And we live in a world which is connecting us more and more.
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住在一个彼此越来越有关联的世界
08:36
So again, the evasion of that sphere,
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逃避这个层面
08:40
which has been so endemic to that sort of pure architecture,
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而普遍的选择一种纯粹建筑
08:43
the autonomous architecture that is just an abstract object
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那种看上去像个抽象物件，出于自发的建筑，
08:45
has never appealed to me.
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我从来不感兴趣
08:47
And I do believe that this interaction
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我相信与历史产生的相互作用
08:50
with the history, with history that is often very difficult,
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和历史对话是困难的
08:54
to grapple with it, to create
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尝试掌握它，创造一个
08:56
a position that is beyond our normal expectations and to create a critique.
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超越一般预设的立场，成为一种评判
09:02
Because architecture is also the asking of questions.
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因为建筑不只是给答案
09:04
It's not only the giving of answers.
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同时也在发问
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It's also, just like life, the asking of questions.
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像人生一样。
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Therefore it is important that it be real.
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重要的是保持真实
09:11
You know we can simulate almost anything.
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今日我们几乎可以模拟所有东西
09:13
But the one thing that can be ever simulated
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但有一件事是永远不能模拟的
09:15
is the human heart, the human soul.
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便是人心，便是人的灵魂
09:18
And architecture is so closely intertwined with it
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建筑和它们息息相关
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because we are born somewhere and we die somewhere.
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因为我们生于建筑，死于建筑
09:23
So the reality of architecture is visceral. It's not intellectual.
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真正的建筑出自内心，而不是来自学识
09:27
It's not something that comes to us from books and theories.
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不是来自书本或理论
09:30
It's the real that we touch -- the door, the window,
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是我们可触碰的真实，一扇门，一扇窗
09:34
the threshold, the bed --
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门槛，床
09:36
such prosaic objects. And yet,
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这些平凡的物件
09:38
I try, in every building, to take that virtual world,
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我在每个作品中尝试把这个
09:40
which is so enigmatic and so rich,
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深奥又多元的虚拟世界
09:43
and create something in the real world.
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带进真实世界中
09:45
Create a space for an office,
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创造一个办公环境
09:47
a space of sustainability
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一个永续空间
09:49
that really works between that virtuality
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存在于虚拟世界中
09:52
and yet can be realized as something real.
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也能在真实世界中存在
09:54
Unexpected versus habitual.
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意外和习惯
09:56
What is a habit? It's just a shackle for ourselves.
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习惯是什么？不过是一个束缚
09:59
It's a self-induced poison.
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拿来饮鸩止渴的毒药
10:01
So the unexpected is always unexpected.
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意外永远是意外
10:03
You know, it's true, the cathedrals, as unexpected,
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就像大教堂，它让人出乎意外
10:06
will always be unexpected.
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它永远让人意外
10:08
You know Frank Gehry's buildings, they will continue to be unexpected in the future.
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就像法蘭克蓋里的建筑，它们在未来也会继续出人意外
10:11
So not the habitual architecture that instills in us
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而不是那些我们早已习惯的建筑形态
10:14
the false sort of stability,
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以它们虚假的稳妥
10:16
but an architecture that is full of tension,
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而是一个充满张力的建筑，
10:19
an architecture that goes beyond itself
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一个超越自己的建筑
10:22
to reach a human soul and a human heart,
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它亲近人心和灵魂
10:24
and that breaks out of the shackles of habits.
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突破习惯的枷锁
10:27
And of course habits are enforced by architecture.
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建筑加强了我们的习惯
10:30
When we see the same kind of architecture
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当我们日复一日见到同样的建筑
10:32
we become immured in that world of those angles,
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我们习惯于从这个角度看世界
10:35
of those lights, of those materials.
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这些光线，这些材质
10:37
We think the world really looks like our buildings.
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我们开始相信世界就像我们看到的这些建筑一样
10:40
And yet our buildings are pretty much limited by the techniques and wonders
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但这些建筑却受限于创造者的
10:44
that have been part of them.
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技术和想象力
10:46
So again, the unexpected which is also the raw.
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意外也是原始
10:49
And I often think of the raw and the refined.
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我时常想到原始和精练
10:51
What is raw? The raw, I would say
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原始是什么？原始就是
10:53
is the naked experience, untouched by luxury,
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一种纯净的经验，不被奢华
10:56
untouched by expensive materials,
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和昂贵的材质影响
10:58
untouched by the kind of refinement
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不被那些高度文明
11:00
that we associate with high culture.
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所认同的那些精致影响。
11:03
So the rawness, I think, in space,
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空间里应用的原始
11:06
the fact that sustainability can actually, in the future
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就像在未来可以
11:09
translate into a raw space,
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把永续的概念变成原始空间
11:11
a space that isn't decorated,
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一个不经装饰的空间
11:13
a space that is not mannered in any source,
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一个不经矫饰的空间
11:16
but a space that might be cool in terms of its temperature,
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一个凉爽的空间
11:20
might be refractive to our desires.
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反应着我们所期望的。
11:23
A space that doesn't always follow us
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一个不会像一条训练良好的狗
11:26
like a dog that has been trained to follow us,
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一样跟随着我们的空间
11:29
but moves ahead into directions of demonstrating
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而是带领我们、示范着
11:32
other possibilities, other experiences,
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其它的可能性，其它的经验
11:34
that have never been part of the vocabulary of architecture.
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那些在建筑史上从未使用的字眼。
11:39
And of course that juxtaposition is of great interest to me
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交叉重叠也是我的兴趣
11:42
because it creates a kind of a spark of new energy.
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因为它创造一种新的能量
11:46
And so I do like something which is pointed, not blunt,
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我喜欢尖锐，而不是迟钝的
11:49
something which is focused on reality,
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那些专注于真实的
11:52
something that has the power, through its leverage,
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那些力量饱满的。借着它来影响
11:55
to transform even a very small space.
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就算只是一个小地方。
11:57
So architecture maybe is not so big, like science,
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或许建筑不像科学的影响力这么大
12:00
but through its focal point
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但借着这个焦点
12:03
it can leverage in an Archimedian way
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可以产生一种阿基米德式的杠杆效应
12:05
what we think the world is really about.
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改变我们对世界的看法
12:07
And often it takes just a building
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往往我们只需要一个建筑
12:09
to change our experience of what could be done, what has been done,
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来改变我们的经验法则：我们对历史和可能性的看法
12:13
how the world has remained both in between stability and instability.
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世界如何存在于稳定和震荡中
12:18
And of course buildings have their shapes.
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建筑都有它们各自的形态
12:21
Those shapes are difficult to change.
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这些形态是很难改变的
12:23
And yet, I do believe that in every social space,
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但我仍然相信在所有社会
12:25
in every public space,
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在所有公共空间里
12:27
there is a desire to communicate more
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都有一种想要沟通的欲望
12:29
than just that blunt thought, that blunt technique,
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而不是模糊的想法，模糊的技术
12:33
but something that pinpoints, and can point in various directions
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一些能够指出不同方向的
12:37
forward, backward, sideways and around.
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前进、后退、左右或环绕着
12:40
So that is indeed what is memory.
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这是一个共同的记忆
12:43
So I believe that my main interest is to memory.
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我相信我最大的兴趣便是记忆
12:47
Without memory we would be amnesiacs.
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没有记忆我们就成了失忆者
12:49
We would not know which way we were going,
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我们会忘记我们的前进的方向
12:51
and why we are going where we're going.
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以及我们选择这个方向的原因
12:53
So I've been never interested in the forgettable reuse,
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所以我对那些过目即忘的复制从来不感兴趣
12:58
rehashing of the same things over and over again,
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把那些做过的事反反复复地重新排列
13:01
which, of course, get accolades of critics.
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当然，它们能得到评论家的赞扬
13:03
Critics like the performance to be repeated again and again the same way.
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评论家总是喜欢那些一再重复的演出
13:07
But I rather play something
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但我宁可演奏一些
13:09
completely unheard of,
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前所未有的音符
13:11
and even with flaws,
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就算有瑕疵
13:13
than repeat the same thing over and over which has been hollowed
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也不要重复那些被反复演奏的乐章
13:15
by its meaninglessness.
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它们因毫无意义而空洞
13:17
So again, memory is the city, memory is the world.
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记忆组成城市，记忆组成世界
13:20
Without the memory there would be no story to tell.
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没有记忆，也就没有值得诉说的故事
13:22
There would be nowhere to turn.
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也无路可走
13:24
The memorable, I think, is really our world, what we think the world is.
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那值得记忆的，是我们的世界，我们对世界的观感
13:28
And it's not only our memory,
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那不只是我们的记忆
13:30
but those who remember us,
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更是那些记忆我们的人
13:33
which means that architecture is not mute.
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建筑不是沉默的
13:35
It's an art of communication.
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它是一门能够沟通的艺术
13:37
It tells a story. The story can reach into obscure desires.
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它诉说一个故事。故事深入我们模糊的欲望
13:41
It can reach into sources that are not explicitly available.
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深入那些平日接触不到的资源
13:44
It can reach into millennia
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深入那些被埋葬的
13:47
that have been buried,
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千年
13:49
and return them in a just and unexpected equity.
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让它们回到一个正确而平等的地位。
13:53
So again, I think the notion that
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我想，我从来不被
13:55
the best architecture is silent has never appealed to me.
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“最好的建筑是沉默的建筑”吸引
13:59
Silence maybe is good for a cemetery but not for a city.
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一个沉默的坟场是好的，但沉默的城市是不好的
14:02
Cities should be full of vibrations, full of sound, full of music.
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城市应该活跃，充满音乐和声音
14:05
And that indeed is the architectural mission
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这是一个建筑的任务
14:07
that I believe is important,
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我相信创造这样一个
14:09
is to create spaces that are vibrant,
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活跃的，多元的
14:11
that are pluralistic,
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空间
14:13
that can transform the most prosaic activities,
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能够把寻常的活动
14:16
and raise them to a completely different expectation.
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变得出乎意料
14:18
Create a shopping center, a swimming place
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把一个购物商场、一个游泳池
14:20
that is more like a museum than like entertainment.
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做得像娱乐场所、像博物馆
14:23
And these are our dreams.
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这是我们的梦想
14:25
And of course risk. I think architecture should be risky.
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我认为建筑应该冒险
14:29
You know it costs a lot of money and so on, but yes,
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这要花很多金钱和精力，当然
14:31
it should not play it safe.
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但不应该保守
14:33
It should not play it safe, because if it plays it safe
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我们不应该保守因为保守
14:36
it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be.
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不能带我们前进去我们想去的方向
14:40
And I think, of course,
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当然
14:42
risk is what underlies the world.
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冒险是世界的基础
14:44
World without risk would not be worth living.
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没有冒险的世界是不值得活的
14:47
So yes, I do believe that the risk we take in every building.
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是的，我相信在每一个建筑里冒的险都是值得的。
14:51
Risks to create spaces that have never been cantilevered to that extent.
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冒险去做那些从未悬吊的这样远的空间
14:55
Risks of spaces that have never been
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冒险去做一个前所未有的
14:57
so dizzying,
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迷人灿烂的
15:00
as they should be, for a pioneering city.
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像所有城市的先驱。
15:03
Risks that really move architecture
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那些真正让建筑进步的冒险
15:06
even with all its flaws, into a space which is much better
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就算有它的缺陷，还是好过
15:09
that the ever again repeated
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一直重复的
15:11
hollowness of a ready-made thing.
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空虚的现成品。
15:14
And of course that is finally what I believe architecture to be.
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这就是我所相信的，建筑的意义。
15:17
It's about space. It's not about fashion.
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空间，而不是时尚
15:19
It's not about decoration.
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也不是装潢
15:21
It's about creating with minimal means
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只是希望创造一些
15:23
something which can not be repeated,
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不能被重复的
15:26
cannot be simulated in any other sphere.
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不能在其它地方被模拟的。
15:28
And there of course is the space that we need to breathe,
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我们在那里可以呼吸
15:32
is the space we need to dream.
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可以梦想
15:34
These are the spaces that are
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这些空间
15:36
not just luxurious spaces for some of us,
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不只是一些人的奢侈享受
15:39
but are important for everybody in this world.
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而是对世上每个人都有重要性
15:41
So again, it's not about the changing fashions, changing theories.
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这无关时尚、或是改变理论
15:45
It's about carving out a space for trees.
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而是为树木创造一个空间
15:48
It's carving out a space where nature can enter
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在空间中创造一个能够迎接大自然的地方
15:50
the domestic world of a city.
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城市中的家居空间
15:52
A space where something which has never seen a light of day
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一个从未见光的空间
15:56
can enter into the inner workings of a density.
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可以进入城市的密度
16:00
And I think that is really the nature of architecture.
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这就是建筑的本质
16:04
Now I am a believer in democracy.
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我支持民主
16:06
I don't like beautiful buildings
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我不喜欢那些为极权国家
16:08
built for totalitarian regimes.
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所建造的美丽建筑。
16:10
Where people cannot speak, cannot vote, cannot do anything.
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人民不能自由发言，不能投票，什么也不能做
16:12
We too often admire those buildings. We think they are beautiful.
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我们太常赞扬那些建筑。我们认为它们很美丽
16:15
And yet when I think of the poverty of society
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但当我想到这些社会的贫穷
16:17
which doesn't give freedom to its people,
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它们无法还给人民自由的状况
16:19
I don't admire those buildings.
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我便无法赞扬这些建筑
16:21
So democracy, as difficult as it is, I believe in it.
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虽然民主并不容易，我仍然支持它。
16:23
And of course, at Ground Zero what else?
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911的归零地是一个很好的地标
16:26
It's such a complex project.
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这是一个很复杂的计划
16:28
It's emotional. There is so many interests.
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很多情绪。很多人感兴趣
16:30
It's political. There is so many parties to this project.
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它也很政治。许多人参与这个计划。
16:34
There is so many interests. There's money. There's political power.
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有金钱和权力参与其中
16:36
There are emotions of the victims.
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有受害者家属的情绪
16:38
And yet, in all its messiness, in all its difficulties,
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在这些困难和混乱中
16:42
I would not have liked somebody to say,
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我不希望有人说
16:44
"This is the tabula rasa, mister architect -- do whatever you want."
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“这是一张白纸，建筑师。自由发挥吧。”
16:47
I think nothing good will come out of that.
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我不认为这样能产出优秀的作品
16:49
I think architecture is about consensus.
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建筑是一种共识
16:51
And it is about the dirty word "compromise." Compromise is not bad.
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这都和“妥协”有关。其实妥协并不坏
16:55
Compromise, if it's artistic,
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妥协，如果那是艺术性的
16:57
if it is able to cope with its strategies --
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如果那和配合策略有关
17:00
and there is my first sketch and the last rendering --
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这是我的第一个草图，左边是手绘图
17:02
it's not that far away.
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两者相差不大
17:04
And yet, compromise, consensus,
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但，妥协，共识
17:06
that is what I believe in.
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是我的信念
17:08
And Ground Zero, despite all its difficulties, it's moving forward.
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归零地，无论过程多么困难，它正在推进
17:11
It's difficult. 2011, 2013. Freedom Tower, the memorial.
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这的确困难。2011，2013，自由塔，纪念馆
17:16
And that is where I end.
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我就说到这里。
17:18
I was inspired when I came here as an immigrant
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当我以移民身份像无数人一样坐船
17:20
on a ship like millions of others,
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来到这里的时候，这是我的灵感。
17:22
looking at America from that point of view.
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从这个角度看美国
17:25
This is America. This is liberty.
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这是美国。这是自由。
17:27
This is what we dream about. Its individuality,
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这就是我们的梦想。这是独立
17:29
demonstrated in the skyline. It's resilience.
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从地平线描绘出来的。这是弹性。
17:32
And finally, it's the freedom that America represents,
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这就是美国所代表的自由意义
17:34
not just to me, as an immigrant, but to everyone in the world. Thank you.
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不只是身为移民的我，还有世界上每个人。谢谢大家。
17:38
(Applause)
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（掌声）
17:43
Chris Anderson: I've got a question.
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Chris Anderson：我有一个问题
17:45
So have you come to peace
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所以你已经不再在意
17:47
with the process that happened at Ground Zero
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归零地的发展过程中所发生的一切吗
17:50
and the loss of the original, incredible design that you came up with?
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你不介意失去你原本出色的设计吗？
17:53
Daniel Libeskind: Look. We have to cure ourselves
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Daniel Libeskind：我们必须要超越
17:57
of the notion that we are authoritarian,
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我们自身的独裁
17:59
that we can determine everything that happens.
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告诉自己我们不可能控制每件事情
18:01
We have to rely on others, and shape the process in the best way possible.
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我们必须互相信赖，然后找出最好的解决方法
18:05
I came from the Bronx. I was taught not to be a loser,
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我来自纽约的布朗克斯。我被教导：别做失败者
18:08
not to be somebody who just gives up in a fight.
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不要做一个轻言放弃的人
18:10
You have to fight for what you believe. You don't always win
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你必须为你的信念奋斗，虽然你不会百战百胜
18:12
everything you want to win. But you can steer the process.
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但你可以影响这个过程
18:15
And I believe that what will be built at Ground Zero
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我相信归零地上的建筑
18:18
will be meaningful, will be inspiring,
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将会意义非凡，将会激励人心
18:21
will tell other generations of the sacrifices,
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并把这次事件的牺牲所带来的意义
18:23
of the meaning of this event.
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生生世世的传扬下去
18:25
Not just for New York, but for the world.
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不只是纽约，而是全世界。
18:27
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Daniel Libeskind.
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Chris Anderson：非常谢谢你。
18:29
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Libeskind - ArchitectBeing a designer of breathtaking and sometimes confounding buildings seems almost a footnote to the amazing life of architect Daniel Libeskind.
Why you should listen
A true renaissance man, Daniel Libeskind possesses a staggering array of creative interests -- he has been a free-verse poet, an opera set designer, a virtuoso musician. When he finally settled on architecture, it was not long (in architect-years, anyway) before he had taken the skylines of the world by storm.
His many buildings include the recently opened Contemporary Jewish Museum in San Francisco, in the deep footsteps of his acclaimed design for the Jewish Museum Berlin -- his first major building project, and one of the most visited museums in Europe. He also created the spectacular extension to the Denver Art Museum (completed in 2006), and construction is under way on a massive retail complex on the strip in Las Vegas.
Libeskind's ambitious and highly controversial design for the rebuilt World Trade Center is perhaps his most well known project, and despite almost a decade of political wrangling and bureaucratic whittling, he insists that the final design will retain the spirit of his original renderings.
Daniel Libeskind | Speaker | TED.com