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Carne Ross: An independent diplomat
卡恩 罗斯： 独立的外交官
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经过15年的英国外交生涯，卡恩 罗斯成为了一名“独立外交官”,管理着一个英勇的非盈利性组织，在国际关系中为小型、发展中和还未被承认的国家发言。在商业创新工厂（BIF）的会议上，他呼吁一种新的外交方式，能够让小型国家发言，能够跟上不断变化的边界，能够迎来创新。
Carne Ross - Diplomat
Carne Ross is the founder of Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit that offers freelance diplomatic representation to small, developing and yet-unrecognized nations in the complex world of international negotiations. Full bio
Carne Ross is the founder of Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit that offers freelance diplomatic representation to small, developing and yet-unrecognized nations in the complex world of international negotiations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My story is a little bit about war.
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我的故事是关于战争的。
00:19
It's about disillusionment.
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是关于理想幻灭的。
00:21
It's about death.
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是关于死亡的。
00:23
And it's about rediscovering
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是关于在残骸碎片中
00:25
idealism
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重新发现
00:27
in all of that wreckage.
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完美主义的。
00:29
And perhaps also, there's a lesson
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或许，也是一堂课程
00:31
about how to deal with
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讲述如何面对
00:33
our screwed-up, fragmenting
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我们糟透了的，残垣断壁的
00:36
and dangerous world of the 21st century.
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危机重重的二十一世纪。
00:40
I don't believe in straightforward narratives.
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我不相信直白的故事。
00:43
I don't believe in a life or history
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我不相信在人生或历史中
00:45
written as decision "A" led to consequence "B"
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决定A会导致结果B
00:48
led to consequence "C" --
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从而导致结果C--
00:50
these neat narratives that we're presented with,
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这些我们被讲授的，
00:52
and that perhaps we encourage in each other.
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并且我们相互鼓励的简洁的故事。
00:55
I believe in randomness,
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我相信随机性，
00:57
and one of the reasons I believe that
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其中原因之一是
00:59
is because me becoming a diplomat was random.
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因为我成为一名外交官就是很意外的
01:02
I'm colorblind.
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我是色盲。
01:04
I was born unable to see most colors.
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我从生下来就分辨不了大多数颜色。
01:06
This is why I wear gray and black most of the time,
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这就是为什么我总穿灰色和黑色的衣服，
01:09
and I have to take my wife with me
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我必须带着我的太太
01:11
to chose clothes.
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为我选衣服。
01:14
And I'd always wanted to be a fighter pilot when I was a boy.
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我小时候总希望成为一名飞行员。
01:17
I loved watching planes barrel over
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我喜爱看着飞机快速飞过
01:19
our holiday home in the countryside.
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我们在乡间的度假屋。
01:22
And it was my boyhood dream to be a fighter pilot.
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我男孩子时候的梦想就是当一名飞行员。
01:25
And I did the tests in the Royal Air Force to become a pilot,
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我参加了皇家空军的飞行员测试，
01:28
and sure enough, I failed.
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当然的，我失败了。
01:30
I couldn't see all the blinking different lights,
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我分辨不了闪烁的不同信号灯，
01:32
and I can't distinguish color.
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我分辨不了颜色
01:34
So I had to choose another career,
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所以，我必须选择别的职业，
01:36
and this was in fact relatively easy for me,
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这对我来说还算容易的，
01:39
because I had an abiding passion all the way through my childhood,
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因为在我的童年时期，我就有了这么一个持久的激情，
01:42
which was international relations.
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那就是国际关系。
01:44
As a child,
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我还是个孩子时，
01:46
I read the newspaper thoroughly.
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我就很仔细地读报纸。
01:49
I was fascinated by the Cold War,
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“冷战"的新闻很让我着迷，
01:51
by the INF negotiations
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INF(Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces, 中程核导弹力量)
01:53
over intermediate-range nuclear missiles,
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签署中程导弹条约的谈判也令我着迷，
01:56
the proxy war between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
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还有苏联和美国在
01:59
in Angola or Afghanistan.
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在安哥拉或阿富汗的代理战。
02:02
These things really interested me.
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我对这些内容很感兴趣。
02:05
And so I decided quite at an early age
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所以我很早就决定了
02:07
I wanted to be a diplomat.
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我想当一名外交家。
02:09
And I, one day, I announced this to my parents --
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我，有一天，跟我父母宣布了这个想法--
02:12
and my father denies this story to this day --
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我父亲现在不承认这个故事--
02:14
I said, "Daddy, I want to be a diplomat."
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我说道，”爸爸，我想成为一名外交家。“
02:16
And he turned to me, and he said,
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他看着我，说道，
02:18
"Carne, you have to be very clever to be a diplomat."
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”卡恩，你必须要特别聪明才能成为外交家。“
02:20
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:22
And my ambition was sealed.
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而我更加确定了我的抱负。
02:25
In 1989,
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一九八九年，
02:27
I entered the British Foreign Service.
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我加入了英国外交事务。
02:30
That year, 5,000 people applied to become a diplomat,
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那年，有五千人应聘，
02:32
and 20 of us succeeded.
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只有二十个人胜出了。
02:35
And as those numbers suggest,
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这个数据说明，
02:38
I was inducted into an elite
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我也被选入一个充满精英的
02:41
and fascinating and exhilarating world.
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迷人的令人振奋的世界。
02:45
Being a diplomat, then and now,
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成为一名外交官，以往和现在，
02:47
is an incredible job, and I loved every minute of it --
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是一份很棒的工作，我热爱工作的每一分钟。
02:50
I enjoyed the status of it.
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我享受工作状态。
02:52
I bought myself a nice suit and wore leather-soled shoes
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我给我自己买一套很好的西装，我穿皮鞋
02:55
and reveled in
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然后陶醉于
02:57
this amazing access I had to world events.
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这个让我接近世界大事件的美妙的途径。
03:00
I traveled to the Gaza Strip.
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我访问过加沙地带。
03:02
I headed the Middle East Peace Process section
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我领导中东和平进程
03:04
in the British Foreign Ministry.
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在英国外交部。
03:06
I became a speechwriter
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我成为了撰稿人
03:08
for the British Foreign Secretary.
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为英国外交大臣。
03:10
I met Yasser Arafat.
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我会见过亚西尔 阿拉法特 (注：巴勒斯坦领袖)。
03:12
I negotiated
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我同萨达姆的外交官们
03:14
with Saddam's diplomats at the U.N.
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在联合国谈判过。
03:17
Later, I traveled to Kabul
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后来，我去了喀布尔
03:19
and served in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban.
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在塔利班失势后的阿富汗服务。
03:22
And I would travel
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我用C-130运输机
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in a C-130 transport
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旅行
03:27
and go and visit warlords
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去探访在深山中
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in mountain hideaways
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躲藏的军阀们
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and negotiate with them
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同他们谈判
03:33
about how we were going to eradicate Al Qaeda from Afghanistan,
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关于我们如何在阿富汗消灭基地组织，
03:36
surrounded by my Special Forces escort,
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我身边都是特种护送部队，
03:39
who, themselves, had to have an escort of a platoon of Royal Marines,
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他们自己，都必须有一个排的皇家海军护航，
03:42
because it was so dangerous.
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因为实在是太危险了。
03:44
And that was exciting -- that was fun.
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是那很刺激，很好玩。
03:47
It was really interesting.
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真的是很有趣。
03:49
And it's a great cadre of people,
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他们是精英，
03:51
incredibly close-knit community of people.
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不可思议的紧紧团结在一起的一群人。
03:54
And the pinnacle of my career, as it turned out,
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我事业的顶端，事实证明，
03:57
was when I was posted to New York.
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是我被派遣到纽约的时候
04:00
I'd already served in Germany, Norway,
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我曾在德国，挪威，
04:02
various other places,
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还有其他很多地方服务过，
04:04
but I was posted to New York
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但是我被派遣到纽约
04:06
to serve on the U.N. Security Council for the British delegation.
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作为英国代表团参加联合国安理会
04:09
And my responsibility was the Middle East,
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我的责任是中东，
04:11
which was my specialty.
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也是我的专长。
04:13
And there, I dealt with things
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在那里，我处理类似
04:15
like the Middle East peace process,
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中东和平进程，
04:17
the Lockerbie issue --
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洛克比事件 (注：发生在苏格兰南端小镇的事件)--
04:19
we can talk about that later, if you wish --
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如果你感兴趣，我们以后可以谈一谈--
04:22
but above all, my responsibility was Iraq
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但是最重要的是，我的责任是伊拉克
04:24
and its weapons of mass destruction
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和它的大规模杀伤性武器
04:26
and the sanctions we placed on Iraq
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以及我们对伊拉克的制裁
04:28
to oblige it to disarm itself of these weapons.
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以迫使它解除这些武器装备。
04:32
I was the chief British negotiator
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我原是英国的首席谈判代表
04:34
on the subject,
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在这个议题上，
04:36
and I was steeped in the issue.
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我沉浸在这个事件中。
04:39
And anyway,
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无论如何，
04:42
my tour -- it was kind of a very exciting time.
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我的旅行--是非常非常令人激动的。
04:45
I mean it was very dramatic diplomacy.
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我是说它是非常戏剧化的外交。
04:48
We went through several wars
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我们经历了好几次战争事件
04:50
during my time in New York.
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当我在纽约的时候。
04:53
I negotiated for my country
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我代表我的国家
04:55
the resolution in the Security Council
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在安理会上协商一份决议
04:57
of the 12th of September 2001
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（这份决议）在二零零一年九月十二日
04:59
condemning the attacks of the day before,
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谴责前一天的攻击 （注：911事件）
05:02
which were, of course, deeply present to us
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这件事当然深深地为我们展现了
05:04
actually living in New York at the time.
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在那个时候真正生活在纽约的情形
05:07
So it was kind of the best of time, worst of times
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算是最好的时候，也是最坏的时候
05:09
kind of experience.
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那种经历。
05:11
I lived the high-life.
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我过着高品质的生活。
05:13
Although I worked very long hours,
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尽管我工作时间长，
05:15
I lived in a penthouse in Union Square.
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我住在联合广场的豪华公寓中。
05:17
I was a single British diplomat in New York City;
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我是纽约市中一名单身的英国外交官；
05:20
you can imagine what that might have meant.
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你可以想象那意味着什么。
05:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:25
I had a good time.
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我有过一段美好的时光。
05:27
But in 2002,
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但是在二零零二年，
05:29
when my tour came to an end,
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当我的任期即将结束的时候，
05:32
I decided I wasn't going to go back
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我决定我不想回到
05:35
to the job that was waiting for me in London.
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那份在伦敦等待着我的工作。
05:37
I decided to take a sabbatical,
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我决定休假
05:39
in fact, at the New School, Bruce.
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实际上，在新学院大学，布鲁斯。
05:42
In some inchoate, inarticulate way
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早期时，说不清楚的情况下，
05:45
I realized that there was something wrong
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我意识到有些事情不对劲
05:47
with my work, with me.
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关于我的工作，和我自身。
05:49
I was exhausted,
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我精疲力竭，
05:51
and I was also disillusioned
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我的理想也破灭了
05:53
in a way I couldn't quite put my finger on.
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从某种方式上说，我并不知道为什么。
05:55
And I decided to take some time out from work.
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我决定花些时间在工作之外的其他事情上
05:58
The Foreign Office was very generous.
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外交部很慷慨。
06:00
You could take these special unpaid leave, as they called them,
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你可以享受这些特殊不带薪假期，他们这么说，
06:02
and yet remain part of the diplomatic service, but not actually do any work.
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但是仍然属于外交服务的一份子，只是没有具体的工作。
06:05
It was nice.
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我很好。
06:07
And eventually, I decided
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终于，我决定
06:09
to take a secondment to join the U.N. in Kosovo,
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采取借调加入了联合国在科索沃的机构，
06:14
which was then under U.N. administration.
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也就是那时在联合国的管理之下。
06:17
And two things happened in Kosovo,
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在科索沃发生了两件事，
06:19
which kind of, again,
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又一次，
06:21
shows the randomness of life,
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显示了人生的不确定性，
06:23
because these things turned out to be
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因为这些事后来成为
06:25
two of the pivots of my life
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我生命中的两个支点
06:27
and helped to deliver me to the next stage.
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帮助我到达下一个人生阶段。
06:30
But they were random things.
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但是，那都是很随机的事情。
06:32
One was that, in the summer of 2004,
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一件事是，在二零零四年的夏天，
06:35
the British government, somewhat reluctantly,
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英国政府，有点不情愿地，
06:37
decided to have an official inquiry
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决定要展开对
06:39
into the use of intelligence on WMD
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在伊拉克战争中
06:41
in the run up to the Iraq War,
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对大规模杀伤性武器情报的正式调查，
06:44
a very limited subject.
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这是个很有限的议题。
06:46
And I testified to that inquiry in secret.
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我秘密地为那个调查作证。
06:49
I had been steeped in the intelligence on Iraq
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我一直精通于伊拉克和大规模杀伤性武器的
06:52
and its WMD,
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情报，
06:54
and my testimony to the inquiry said three things:
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我对此次调查的证词阐述了三件事：
06:57
that the government exaggerated the intelligence,
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即，政府夸大了那些情报，
07:00
which was very clear in all the years I'd read it.
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从过去这些年来我所得知道的看来这很清楚。
07:03
And indeed, our own internal assessment was very clear
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当然的，我们自己内部的评估很明确地指出
07:06
that Iraq's WMD
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伊拉克的大规模杀伤性武器
07:08
did not pose a threat to its neighbors, let alone to us.
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不对其邻国构成威胁，更不用说对我们了。
07:11
Secondly, the government had ignored all available alternatives to war,
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其次，政府忽视了除了战争以外的所有可行的替代方案，
07:14
which in some ways
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从某种角度说
07:16
was a more discreditable thing still.
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这更加可耻。
07:19
The third reason, I won't go into.
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第三个原因，我就不说了。
07:21
But anyway, I gave that testimony,
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但是不管怎么样，我所做的证词，
07:23
and that presented me with a crisis.
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也给我自己带来了危机。
07:25
What was I going to do?
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我将要做的事。
07:27
This testimony was deeply critical of my colleagues,
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这次的证词深深地批判了我的同僚们，
07:30
of my ministers, who had, in my view
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部长们，照我看来，
07:32
had perpetrated a war on a falsehood.
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正是他们的错误导致了这场战争。
07:35
And so I was in crisis.
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同时，我也身处危机之中。
07:37
And this wasn't a pretty thing.
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这不是什么好事情。
07:39
I moaned about it, I hesitated,
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我呻吟着，我徘徊着，
07:41
I went on and on and on to my long-suffering wife,
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我同和我一起受煎熬的妻子一同坚持了下来，
07:45
and eventually I decided to resign from the British Foreign Service.
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终于，我决定从英国外交部辞职。
07:48
I felt -- there's a scene in the Al Pacino movie "The Insider," which you may know,
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我感觉到--就好像艾尔帕西诺的电影“局内人”，你们可能看过那部电影，
07:52
where he goes back to CBS
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他回到CBS
07:54
after they've let him down over the tobacco guy,
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他们（CBS）对烟草公司内部人员决定使得他很失望，
07:57
and he goes, "You know, I just can't do this anymore. Something's broken."
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然后他说，“你知道，我不能再干了。有些事不对劲。”
08:00
And it was like that for me. I love that movie.
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这就好像我一样。我很喜欢那部电影。
08:02
I felt just something's broken.
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我感觉就是有些什么东西不对劲。
08:04
I can't actually sit with my foreign minister
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我不能再同我的外交部长
08:06
or my prime minister again with a smile on my face
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或者我的首相坐在一起谈笑风生，
08:08
and do what I used to do gladly for them.
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像我原先所做的一样让他们高兴。
08:11
So took a running leap
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那感觉像飞跃起来
08:14
and jumped over the edge of a cliff.
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跳过悬崖的边缘。
08:17
And it was a very, very uncomfortable, unpleasant feeling.
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那种感觉非常，非常的不舒服，也不愉快。
08:21
And I started to fall.
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我开始觉得失落。
08:23
And today, that fall hasn't stopped;
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直到今天，仍然没有停止；
08:26
I'm still falling.
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我依然觉得失落。
08:28
But, in a way, I've got used to the sensation of it.
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但是，从某种方式上说，我已经习惯了这种感觉。
08:31
And in a way, I kind of like
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从某种方式上说，我甚至有点
08:33
the sensation of it a lot better
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更喜欢这种感觉。
08:35
than I like actually standing on top of the cliff,
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比起我真正站在悬崖边
08:37
wondering what to do.
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不知所措。
08:39
A second thing happened in Kosovo,
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在科索沃发生的第二件事，
08:41
which kind of -- I need a quick gulp of water, forgive me.
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不好意思，我要喝点水。
08:46
A second thing happened in Kosovo,
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在科索沃发生的第二件事，
08:48
which kind of delivered the answer,
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是关于获得一个答案，
08:50
which I couldn't really answer,
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我也不能回答的答案，
08:53
which is, "What do I do with my life?"
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那就是，“我要如何度过我的人生？”
08:57
I love diplomacy --
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我热爱外交。
08:59
I have no career --
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却没有一份职业。
09:01
I expected my entire life to be a diplomat, to be serving my country.
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我期望我的整个人生都是一名外交家，为我的国家服务。
09:04
I wanted to be an ambassador,
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我希望成为一名大使，
09:06
and my mentors, my heroes,
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我的导师们，我心目中的英雄们，
09:08
people who got to the top of my profession,
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那些到达事业的顶峰的人们，
09:10
and here I was throwing it all away.
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我现在却要舍弃这一切。
09:12
A lot of my friends were still in it.
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我的很多朋友还在其中。
09:14
My pension was in it.
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我的养老金也在。
09:16
And I gave it up.
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我却将它舍弃了。
09:18
And what was I going to do?
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我下一步该怎么办呢？
09:20
And that year, in Kosovo,
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那一年，在科索沃，
09:22
this terrible, terrible thing happened, which I saw.
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发生了一件非常，非常糟糕的事情。
09:25
In March 2004, there were terrible riots
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二零零四年三月，可怕的骚乱
09:27
all over the province -- as it then was -- of Kosovo.
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遍布科索沃全部省份--那时的--科索沃
09:30
18 people were killed.
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十八个人被杀害。
09:32
It was anarchy.
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那是场混战。
09:34
And it's a very horrible thing to see anarchy,
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无政府状态是很可怕的，
09:36
to know that the police and the military --
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明知警察们，军队们--
09:38
there were lots of military troops there --
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很多的部队驻扎在那里--
09:40
actually can't stop that rampaging mob
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却不能够阻止蜂拥到
09:42
who's coming down the street.
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街道上的疯狂暴民。
09:44
And the only way that rampaging mob coming down the street will stop
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阻止那些冲到大街上的暴民的唯一方式是
09:47
is when they decide to stop
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他们自己决定停下来
09:49
and when they've had enough burning and killing.
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当他们觉得烧够了，杀够了
09:51
And that is not a very nice feeling to see, and I saw it.
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那真不是什么美好的感觉，我亲眼看到了
09:54
And I went through it. I went through those mobs.
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我经历了这一切。我亲历了那些暴民。
09:57
And with my Albanian friends, we tried to stop it, but we failed.
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同我的阿尔巴尼亚朋友们，我们试着去阻止，我们却失败了。
10:00
And that riot taught me something,
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那次骚乱教会我一些事情，
10:03
which isn't immediately obvious and it's kind of a complicated story.
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不是很明显，也算是个复杂的故事。
10:06
But one of the reasons that riot took place --
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发生骚乱的原因之一--
10:08
those riots, which went on for several days, took place --
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那些骚乱，已经持续了好几天，--
10:10
was because the Kosovo people
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是因为科索沃人们
10:12
were disenfranchised from their own future.
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未来的公民权被剥夺了。
10:16
There were diplomatic negotiations about the future of Kosovo
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当时有个关于科索沃未来的
10:19
going on then,
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外交谈判，
10:21
and the Kosovo government, let alone the Kosovo people,
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科索沃政府，更不用说科索沃人们，
10:23
were not actually
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都没有实际地
10:25
participating in those talks.
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参与到这些谈判中。
10:27
There was this whole fancy diplomatic system,
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整体看似优良的外交系统，
10:30
this negotiation process about the future of Kosovo,
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这次关于科索沃未来的谈判过程，
10:33
and the Kosovars weren't part of it.
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科索沃却没有参加。
10:35
And funnily enough, they were frustrated about that.
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可笑的是，他们感到很沮丧。
10:38
Those riots were part of the manifestation of that frustration.
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骚乱是体现沮丧的一部分。
10:41
It wasn't the only reason,
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这并不是唯一的原因，
10:43
and life is not simple, one reason narratives.
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生活不是简简单单的，一个单一的故事。
10:45
It was a complicated thing,
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那是个复杂的事情，
10:47
and I'm not pretending it was more simple than it was.
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我并不是要假装它比表面上看起来的要简单。
10:49
But that was one of the reasons.
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但是，那是原因之一。
10:51
And that kind of gave me the inspiration --
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那给了我一个启发--
10:53
or rather to be precise,
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或者更准确得说，
10:55
it gave my wife the inspiration.
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给了我妻子一个启发。
10:57
She said, "Why don't you advise the Kosovars?
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她说道，“你为什么不帮助科索沃呢？
11:00
Why don't you advise their government on their diplomacy?"
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你为什么不在外交上帮助他们的政府呢？”
11:03
And the Kosovars were not allowed a diplomatic service.
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科索沃不允许有外交服务。
11:05
They were not allowed diplomats.
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他们不允许有外交官。
11:07
They were not allowed a foreign office
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他们不允许有外交部
11:09
to help them deal with this immensely complicated process,
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帮助他们处理这个极其复杂的过程，
11:12
which became known as the Final Status Process of Kosovo.
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后来，这成为了众所周知的科索沃的最终地位进程。
11:15
And so that was the idea.
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这个想法就是这样来的。
11:17
That was the origin of the thing that became Independent Diplomat,
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那就是后来成为独立外交家的原始想法，
11:19
the world's first diplomatic advisory group
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是世界上第一个外交事务咨询团体
11:22
and a non-profit to boot.
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而且也是非营利的。
11:24
And it began when I flew back from London
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它开始于我飞回伦敦
11:27
after my time at the U.N. in Kosovo.
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在科索沃的联合国任期结束后。
11:30
I flew back and had dinner with the Kosovo prime minister and said to him,
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我飞回后，在同科索沃的首相晚餐时，我对他说，
11:33
"Look, I'm proposing that I come and advise you on the diplomacy.
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“看，我提议我来给你当外交参谋。
11:36
I know this stuff. It's what I do. Why don't I come and help you?"
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我很了解这个领域。我就是做这个的。为什么我不来帮助你呢？”
11:39
And he raised his glass of raki to me and said,
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他举起他的葡萄酒酒杯跟我说，
11:41
"Yes, Carne. Come."
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“好，卡恩。来吧。”
11:43
And I came to Kosovo
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于是我来到了科索沃
11:45
and advised the Kosovo government.
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为科索沃政府出谋献策。
11:47
Independent Diplomat ended up advising three successive Kosovo prime ministers
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独立外交家最终帮助了三位科索沃首相
11:50
and the multi-party negotiation team of Kosovo.
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和科索沃多党派的谈判。
11:53
And Kosovo became independent.
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科索沃独立了。
11:56
Independent Diplomat is now established
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独立外交家也从此在世界上五个外交中心
11:59
in five diplomatic centers around the world,
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建立起来了，
12:01
and we're advising seven or eight
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我们帮助咨询了七到八个
12:03
different countries, or political groups,
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不同的国家，政治团体，
12:06
depending on how you wish to define them --
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根据你如何定义他们--
12:08
and I'm not big on definitions.
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我不太注重定义。
12:10
We're advising the Northern Cypriots on how to reunify their island.
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我们给予北塞关于如何统一它的岛屿的建议。
12:13
We're advising the Burmese opposition,
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我们为缅甸反对派做咨询，
12:15
the government of Southern Sudan,
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一个苏丹南部政府，
12:17
which -- you heard it here first --
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你可能第一次听说他们--
12:19
is going to be a new country within the next few years.
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在接下来的几年内将成为一个新的国家。
12:23
We're advising the Polisario Front of the Western Sahara,
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我们给波利萨里奥阵线西撒哈拉提建议，
12:26
who are fighting to get their country back
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他们为他们的国家
12:28
from Moroccan occupation
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同摩洛哥而战
12:30
after 34 years of dispossession.
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夺回34年的被剥夺的领土。
12:33
We're advising various island states in the climate change negotiations,
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我们帮助多个岛国谈判气候变化
12:36
which is suppose to culminate
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将会在哥本哈根达到
12:38
in Copenhagen.
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高潮。
12:41
There's a bit of randomness here too
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这里也有随机性
12:43
because, when I was beginning Independent Diplomat,
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因为，当我开始成为一名独立外交家时，
12:45
I went to a party in the House of Lords,
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我参加了英国上议院的聚会，
12:47
which is a ridiculous place,
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真是很有趣，
12:49
but I was holding my drink like this, and I bumped into
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我就这样拿着酒杯，但遇见了
12:51
this guy who was standing behind me.
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站在我后边的人
12:53
And we started talking, and he said --
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我们开始谈话，他说道--
12:55
I told him what I was doing,
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我告诉他我是干什么的，
12:57
and I told him rather grandly
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我很隆重地告诉他
12:59
I was going to establish Independent Diplomat in New York.
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我要在纽约成立独立外交家。
13:01
At that time there was just me --
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那个时候，只有我，
13:03
and me and my wife were moving back to New York.
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我和我的妻子准备搬去纽约
13:05
And he said, "Why don't you see my colleagues in New York?"
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他说道，“为什么你不来看看我在纽约的同事们呢？”
13:08
And it turned out
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结果是
13:10
he worked for an innovation company called ?What If!,
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他为一家叫？如果!的创新公司工作。
13:12
which some of you have probably heard of.
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你们中的有些人可能听说过。
13:14
And one thing led to another,
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于是一件事引向了另一件事，
13:16
and I ended up having a desk
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我最后在
13:18
in ?What If! in New York,
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纽约的？如果！公司工作，
13:20
when I started Independent Diplomat.
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当我开始独立外交家的时候。
13:22
And watching ?What If!
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看到？如果！
13:24
develop new flavors of chewing gum for Wrigley
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为箭牌发明了一种新的口香糖口味
13:26
or new flavors for Coke
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或者可乐的新口味
13:28
actually helped me innovate
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实际上帮助我想到
13:30
new strategies for the Kosovars
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新的外交策略，为科索沃
13:32
and for the Saharawis of the Western Sahara.
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为西部撒哈拉。
13:35
And I began to realize that there are different ways of doing diplomacy --
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我开始意识到有很多不同的方式来做外交，
13:38
that diplomacy, like business,
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外交，就好像做生意，
13:40
is a business of solving problems,
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是个解决问题的经营，
13:42
and yet the word innovation doesn't exist in diplomacy;
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虽然在外交中不存在创新这个词；
13:45
it's all zero sum games and realpolitik
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这一切都是零和游戏以及现实政治
13:48
and ancient institutions that have been there for generations
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以及存在了几个世纪的元老型机构
13:51
and do things the same way they've always done things.
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和他们一直处理事情的方式。
13:54
And Independent Diplomat, today,
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独立外交家，今天看来，
13:56
tries to incorporate some of the things I learned at ?What If!.
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尝试将我在？如果！学到的一些东西整合起来。
13:59
We all sit in one office and shout at each other across the office.
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我们都在一间办公室，同办公室内的其他人大吵大嚷。
14:02
We all work on little laptops and try to move desks to change the way we think.
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我们都在小型笔记本上工作，试着用移动桌子来改变我们的思维方式。
14:05
And we use naive experts
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我们用天真的专家们
14:07
who may know nothing about the countries we're dealing with,
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他们可能对我们面对的国家一无所知，
14:10
but may know something about something else
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但是他们可能知道一些其他的事情
14:12
to try to inject new thinking
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尝试将新的想法注入
14:14
into the problems
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到问题解决中
14:16
that we try to address for our clients.
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这正是我们尝试传达给客户的。
14:18
It's not easy, because our clients, by definition,
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这并不简单，因为我们的客户，按定义来说，
14:20
are having a difficult time, diplomatically.
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都在外交上困难重重
14:25
There are, I don't know,
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我不知道，
14:27
some lessons from all of this,
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从中的一些经验教训，
14:30
personal and political --
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个人的，政治上的--
14:32
and in a way, they're the same thing.
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从某种意义上说，都是同样的。
14:35
The personal one
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从个人角度上说，
14:37
is falling off a cliff
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就是从悬崖上摔下去
14:39
is actually a good thing, and I recommend it.
355
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这实际上是一件好事，我向你们推荐。
14:43
And it's a good thing to do at least once in your life
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在你的人生中这么做一次实际上挺好
14:45
just to tear everything up and jump.
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只是将一切舍弃再跳跃。
14:49
The second thing is a bigger lesson about the world today.
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第二件事是关于今天这个世界的一个更大的教训。
14:52
Independent Diplomat is part of a trend
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独立外交家是趋势的一部分
14:55
which is emerging and evident across the world,
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它正在世界各地兴起，势不可挡，
14:58
which is that the world is fragmenting.
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世界正在瓦解。
15:01
States mean less than they used to,
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国家跟它以往的意义相比，已经少了很多，
15:04
and the power of the state is declining.
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国家的权利也在下降。
15:06
That means the power of others things is rising.
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那意味着其他东西的权利在上升。
15:08
Those other things are called non-state actors.
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那些是被称为非国家的东西。
15:10
They may be corporations,
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它们可能是大公司，
15:12
they may be mafiosi, they may be nice NGOs,
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它们可能是黑手党，它们可能是好的非营利性组织，
15:15
they may anything,
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它们可能是任何东西，
15:17
any number of things.
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任何数量的东西。
15:19
We are living in a more complicated and fragmented world.
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我们生活在一个更加复杂更加支离破碎的世界中。
15:22
If governments are less able
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如果政府缺乏影响问题
15:24
to affect the problems
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的能力
15:26
that affect us in the world,
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从而影响到在这个世界上的我们，
15:29
then that means, who is left to deal with them,
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那么意味着，接下来谁将来面对它们，
15:32
who has to take greater responsibility to deal with them?
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谁来担负起更大的责任来面对它们？
15:34
Us.
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我们。
15:36
If they can't do it, who's left to deal with it?
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如果它们做不了，谁将去解决？
15:39
We have no choice but to embrace that reality.
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我们没有选择，只能接受现实。
15:42
What this means is
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那就是
15:44
it's no longer good enough
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这些将不能再被说成是足够好的，
15:47
to say that international relations, or global affairs,
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国际关系或者说全球大事，
15:50
or chaos in Somalia,
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或者是索马里的混乱，
15:52
or what's going on in Burma is none of your business,
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又或者是在缅甸发生的事情都跟你没有关系，
15:55
and that you can leave it to governments to get on with.
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你可以把这些交给政府来处理。
15:58
I can connect any one of you
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我能够将你们中的任何一个人
16:00
by six degrees of separation
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用六度分离法
16:02
to the Al-Shabaab militia in Somalia.
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同索马里的青年保卫兵联系起来。
16:05
Ask me how later, particularly if you eat fish, interestingly enough,
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待会儿再问我怎么样，但是如果你吃鱼，很有趣的是，
16:09
but that connection is there.
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那就是一种联系
16:11
We are all intimately connected.
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我们都紧密地联系在一起
16:13
And this isn't just Tom Friedman,
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这不仅仅是汤姆 弗莱德曼，
16:15
it's actually provable in case after case after case.
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这实际上可以通过一个又一个的案件证实。
16:18
What that means is, instead of asking your politicians to do things,
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那意味着，除了要你们的政治家们处理事情，
16:21
you have to look to yourself to do things.
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你们得自己处理事情。
16:24
And Independent Diplomat is a kind of example of this
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独立外交家算是这样的一个例子
16:26
in a sort of loose way.
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不严密的例子。
16:28
There aren't neat examples, but one example is this:
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没有完美的例子，但是有这样一个例子：
16:31
the way the world is changing
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世界运行的方式正在改变
16:33
is embodied in what's going on at the place I used to work --
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我过去工作过的地方也在改变，
16:35
the U.N. Security Council.
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联合国安理会也在改变。
16:37
The U.N. was established in 1945.
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联合国成立于一九四五年。
16:40
Its charter is basically designed
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联合国宪章基本上
16:42
to stop conflicts between states --
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适用于阻止国家间的冲突--
16:44
interstate conflict.
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利益冲突
16:46
Today, 80 percent of the agenda
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今天，联合国安理会
16:48
of the U.N. Security Council
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百分之八十的日程
16:50
is about conflicts within states,
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都是国内的冲突，
16:52
involving non-state parties --
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牵扯到非执政党--
16:54
guerillas, separatists,
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游击队，分离主义分子，
16:56
terrorists, if you want to call them that,
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恐怖分子，如果你们想这么称呼他们，
16:58
people who are not normal governments, who are not normal states.
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他们是非政府的，非正式国家的人们。
17:01
That is the state of the world today.
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那就是现今这个世界的状况。
17:04
When I realized this,
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当我意识到这一点，
17:06
and when I look back on my time at the Security Council
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当我回顾我在安理会的时光
17:09
and what happened with the Kosovars,
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科索沃所发生的事情，
17:11
and I realize that often
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我意识到通常
17:13
the people who were most directly affected
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那些最直接受
17:15
by what we were doing in the Security Council
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我们在安理会所作的决定的影响的人们
17:17
weren't actually there, weren't actually invited
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却不在那里，却没有受到邀请
17:19
to give their views to the Security Council,
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在安理会发表他们的观点，
17:21
I thought, this is wrong.
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我认为，这是不对的。
17:23
Something's got to be done about this.
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我们应该修正这个。
17:25
So I started off in a traditional mode.
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所以，我开始了传统的方式。
17:28
Me and my colleagues at Independent Diplomat
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我和我在独立外交家的同事们
17:30
went around the U.N. Security Council.
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走访了联合国安理会
17:32
We went around 70 U.N. member states --
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我们拜访了七十个联合国会员国--
17:34
the Kazaks, the Ethiopians, the Israelis --
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哈萨克人，埃塞俄比亚人，以色列人--
17:36
you name them, we went to see them --
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你可以一一列举，我们拜访了他们--
17:38
the secretary general, all of them,
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联合国秘书长，他们所有的人，
17:40
and said, "This is all wrong.
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都说，"这不对
17:42
This is terrible that you don't consult these people who are actually affected.
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你不跟那些直接有关系的人们探讨是很糟的。
17:44
You've got to institutionalize a system
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你应该建立一个系统
17:46
where you actually invite the Kosovars
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你可以真正邀请科索沃人
17:48
to come and tell you what they think.
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前来告诉你他们是怎么想的。
17:50
This will allow you to tell me -- you can tell them what you think.
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这使得你告诉我--你可以告诉他们你是怎么想的。
17:52
It'll be great. You can have an exchange.
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它太棒了。你们可以互换。
17:54
You can actually incorporate these people's views into your decisions,
437
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你可以将这些人的观点整合进你的决定中，
17:57
which means your decisions will be more effective and durable."
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这样你的决定变得最有效，最耐用。“
18:02
Super-logical, you would think.
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完美的逻辑，你可能这么想。
18:04
I mean, incredibly logical. So obvious, anybody could get it.
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我说，这个想法太棒了。很明显的，任何人都能做到。
18:06
And of course, everybody got it. Everybody went, "Yes, of course, you're absolutely right.
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当然，每个人都懂了。每个人都说，”对，当然得，你绝对正确。
18:09
Come back to us
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六个月后
18:11
in maybe six months."
443
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回来吧。“
18:13
And of course, nothing happened -- nobody did anything.
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当然，什么都没有发生。没有人做任何事情
18:16
The Security Council does its business
445
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安理会还是老样子
18:18
in exactly the same way today
446
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今天做事的方式同
18:20
that it did X number of years ago,
447
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以往的方式一模一样，
18:23
when I was there 10 years ago.
448
1088000
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同我十年前在那里的时候一样
18:26
So we looked at that observation
449
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我们看着
18:28
of basically failure
450
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这次的失败，
18:30
and thought, what can we do about it.
451
1095000
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想着我们还能做些什么。
18:32
And I thought, I'm buggered
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我想到，如果我
18:34
if I'm going to spend the rest of my life
453
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将我的余生用于
18:36
lobbying for these crummy governments
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游说于这些政府
18:38
to do what needs to be done.
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我会累死的。
18:40
So what we're going to do
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所以，接下来
18:42
is we're actually going to set up these meetings ourselves.
457
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我们自己举办这些会议。
18:44
So now, Independent Diplomat
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现在，独立外交家
18:46
is in the process of setting up meetings
459
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正在筹备在联合国安理会
18:48
between the U.N. Security Council
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和充满纠纷的党派之间
18:50
and the parties to the disputes
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的会议
18:52
that are on the agenda of the Security Council.
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在安理会日程上的会议。
18:55
So we will be bringing
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我们带来了
18:57
Darfuri rebel groups,
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达尔富尔反政府组织，
19:00
the Northern Cypriots and the Southern Cypriots,
465
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北塞普勒斯人和南塞普勒斯人，
19:04
rebels from Aceh,
466
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来自亚齐省的叛军，
19:07
and awful long laundry list
467
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还有造成世界混乱冲突的
19:09
of chaotic conflicts around the world.
468
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一份长长的名单。
19:12
And we will be trying to bring the parties to New York
469
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我们打算将各党派带到纽约
19:15
to sit down in a quiet room
470
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在一间安静的房屋做下来
19:17
in a private setting with no press
471
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没有媒体的私下面谈
19:19
and actually explain what they want
472
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同联合国的安理会的成员们
19:21
to the members of the U. N. Security Council,
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好好谈谈他们想要什么，
19:23
and for the members of the U.N. Security Council
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联合国的安理会成员们也来谈谈
19:25
to explain to them what they want.
475
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他们想要什么。
19:27
So there's actually a conversation,
476
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这样一个真实的谈话，
19:29
which has never before happened.
477
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从来没有发生过的谈话。
19:31
And of course, describing all this,
478
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当然，描述这些，
19:34
any of you who know politics will think this is incredibly difficult,
479
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任何对政治有所了解的人都知道这相当相当的困难，
19:37
and I entirely agree with you.
480
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我完全的赞同。
19:39
The chances of failure are very high,
481
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失败的可能性非常非常高，
19:42
but it certainly won't happen
482
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但是并不是不可能发生
19:44
if we don't try to make it happen.
483
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如果我们尽力促使它发生。
19:47
And my politics has changed fundamentally
484
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我的政治观点完全改变了
19:50
from when I was a diplomat to what I am today,
485
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从我是一名外交家到今天的我，
19:52
and I think that outputs is what matters, not process,
486
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我认为结果是重要的，而不是过程，
19:55
not technology, frankly, so much either.
487
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坦白的说，也不是科技。
19:58
Preach technology
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宣讲技术
20:00
to all the Twittering members of all the Iranian demonstrations
489
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所有伊朗示威的Twittering成员
20:03
who are now in political prison in Tehran,
490
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现在正在德黑兰的政治监狱里，
20:06
where Ahmadinejad remains in power.
491
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那里内贾德依旧掌权。
20:08
Technology has not delivered political change in Iran.
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在伊朗，科技不再传达政治变革。
20:12
You've got to look at the outputs, and you got to say to yourself,
493
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看看结果，你会对自己说，
20:15
"What can I do to produce that particular output?"
494
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”我能对造成这样的结果做些什么吗？“
20:17
That is the politics of the 21st century,
495
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这就是二十一世纪世界的政治。
20:20
and in a way, Independent Diplomat
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从某种方式上说，独立外交家
20:22
embodies that fragmentation, that change,
497
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呈现出了那些正在发生的我们身边的
20:25
that is happening to all of us.
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那些片断，那些改变。
20:29
That's my story. Thanks.
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那就是我的故事。谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carne Ross - DiplomatCarne Ross is the founder of Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit that offers freelance diplomatic representation to small, developing and yet-unrecognized nations in the complex world of international negotiations.
Why you should listen
Carne Ross was a member of the British diplomat corps for a decade and a half -- until a crisis of faith in the system drove him to go freelance. With his nonprofit, Independent Diplomat, he and a team advise small and developing nations without a diplomatic corps, as well as unrecognized nations that would otherwise lack a voice in negotiations on their own futures. His group helped advise the Kosovars in their quest for recognition as a nation, and with Croatia on its application to join the EU. They're now working with Southern Sudan as it approaches a vote to separate (a vote that, on Sept. 8, 2010, US Secretary of State Clinton called "inevitable").
As Ross said to Time magazine, when it profiled him in a 2008 story called "Innovators/Peacemakers": "Our work is based on the belief that everybody has a right to some say in the resolution of their issues." He's the author of the 2007 book Independent Diplomat: Dispatches from an Unaccountable Elite.
Carne Ross | Speaker | TED.com